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Tooby and Cosmides proposed some rules about functional analysis:①functional analysis should be expressed in adaptationist terms,②a set of phenotypic properties is not an adaptation if it is transient, varying from individual to individual,③adaptations should be distinguished from their expression (which may vary from context to context),④a set of phenotypic properties is not an adaptation if it was absent in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness,⑤a set of phenotypic properties is not an adaptation if it did not solve an adaptive problem in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness.
图比和考斯米戴丝提出了功能分析的原则：①功能分析应该用适应的术语来表达；②一系列表现型的特点如果是暂时的，在不同的个体身上发生变化，它并非是一种适应；③适应应该与它们的表现（在不同的情景中可能发生变化）区分开；④一系列表现型的特点如果在进化适应性环境中不存在，则不是一种适应；⑤一系列表现型的特点如果不能解决进化适应性环境中的一种适应性的问题，也不是一种适应。
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In Chapter 4, A detailed comparison between the realization of Cholesky decomposition and OR method is given, a systolic/wavefront array made of general purpose DSP is used to realize the adaptive beamforming at a moderate speed, and a wavefront array to extract the adaptive weights which is necessary in some applications is designed. In Chapter 5, the author proposed a new structure to realize the space time adaptive processing. First 1~q using the FFr and the truncating infinite sequence and sone optimizing method, a much simpler architecture can be acquired in realizing the three portion of channel processing: quadrature sampling, pulse compression and adaptive equalization.
第五章研究并提出了用全通用DSP模块设计空时二维自适应信号处理机的新方案，首先用快速付立叶变换和对长序列截断处理的重叠保留法以大大减少的运算量完成了处理机通道处理部分的正交插值、脉压、自适应均衡三个功能块的长阶数线性卷积运算，接着对自适应波束形成提出了多种实现方案，分析了多种方案下的运算量和设备要求，指出在不同通道数、不同数据吞吐率、不同自适应要求时这几种方案有不同的可行度和实现难度，并针对实际要求确定了一种运算田N、的实现方案，对自适应波束合成部分的大量贝玉以良元组咸肋冈络结拘和处凰闺和羽凶挝娠昨了优化设计以威少设备复杂性，构成了设备量大夕父伯小、们g团回高、辜于生回阴田闩引愧快的空时二维自适囱戏升引毗四机。
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Based on AFCT, a new adaptive staring principle is established using floating threshold which is calculated by system reference model based on extrapolation method and linear regression algorithm. The principle of "forecasting model on line identifier"and"forecasting model parameters'selftuner"are put forward. In the module of"adjustment mechanism", the forecasting method of break points is introduced to fulfill control functions to "forecasting model parameters'self tuner".
本文详细讨论了针对输电线路主保护的自适应预测模型的建立方法，应用时间序列法和自回归模型或动平均自回归模型建立了精确反映保护对象状态量的系统预测模型，以自回归模型为例给出了"预测模型在线辨识"环节和"模型参数自适应校正"环节的算法，应用"适应机构"实现其对"模型参数自适应校正"环节的控制作用，应用并行计算算法实现了在继电保护中的"预测模型在线辨识"环节，使系统状态预测模型自适应于变化的电力系统。
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Taking phycology for example,Chinese students cant 适应加拿大的教学方式.由于中国的教学方式different from canada.in their life of canada,they always feel lonely,they need to care about themselves,and they have lack of society expericence.
以心理方面的问题为例，中国学生常常不能适应加拿大的教学方式而感到不知所措；在生活上，由于与当地人交流较少，中国学生时常有孤独感；此外生活上需要自立，社会经验的缺乏往往会让他们觉得烦恼。
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It is suggested that one of the majordifferences between the principle of correspondence between crime,responsibility and penalty and the principle of correspondence betweencrime and penalty is that the former takes into consideraton thecorrespondence between penalty and the harms of the crime in society,andthe correspondence between penalty and the insecurity of the criminal.
罪责刑相适应的原则与传统罪刑相适应的最大区别就是它既注意刑罚与犯罪行为的社会危害性相适应，同时也注意刑罚与犯罪人的人身危险性相适应，因此罪责刑相适应原则在本质上呼唤法官的刑事自由裁量权。
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The mechanical behavior of Shape Memory Alloys material is tested, and the constitutive model of the SMA is established. A kind of SMA combined rubber isolator is developed, and the isolation effect of the SMA combined rubber isolator for long-span bridge and tall building structures is numerically simulated, from which the adaptive isolation performance and the self-restoring capacity of the SMA combined rubber isolator are verified. A kind of SMA damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the SMA damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the SMA damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the SMA damper for the long-span bridge are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge using the SMA damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. The MRF-04K type magnetorheological damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the MR damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the MR damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the MR damper for the long-span bridge and tall building structures are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge and tall building structures using the MR damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. In addition, the theory and method of sub-structural damage identification for long-span bridge are derived, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic isolation and control effects with different isolation and control measures and the damage responses and the sliding base-isolation of large structures under the excitation of underground explosion are investigated.
试验研究了形状记忆合金材料的力学性能，建立了SMA材料的本构模型；研制了一种SMA复合橡胶隔震支座，数值仿真分析了应用SMA复合橡胶支座的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的隔震效果，从而验证了SMA复合橡胶支座的自适应隔震性能及其震后自恢复能力；研制了一种SMA阻尼器，试验研究了SMA阻尼器的力学性能，建立了SMA阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁结构自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真与模型试验验证了大跨桥梁结构SMA阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；研制了一种MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器，试验研究了MR阻尼器的力学性能，建立了MR阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于MR阻尼器的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真和模型试验验证了大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构MR阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；还建立了大跨桥梁结构的子结构损伤识别的理论与方法，研究了土-结构动力相互作用对不同隔震和控制措施的减震控制效果的影响以及地下爆炸波作用下各类大型结构的灾害响应与滑移隔震。
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Experiment on adaptation effects in cat striate cortex found no pronounced difference between simple cells and complex cells.
结果显示，相对于简单的平动刺激，复杂的光流刺激引起了更显著的适应及后效应：细胞的反应在适应期间及适应后衰减程度更大，多数细胞的方向选择性在适应后发生了显著变化；总体上，细胞对复杂光流的适应具有方向选择性，但细胞对平动刺激的适应与测试刺激的运动方向无关。
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Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.
选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。
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In Wistar rats, latent period of a-wave in scotopic rod response after 1-week transplantation was shorten (P.05); and latent period of a-wave in scotopic rod response after 2-week transplantation was prolonged (P.05); while latent period of b-wave in scotopic maximum response after 1-week transplantation was shorten (P.05). In RCS rats, amplitude of a-wave in scotopic rod response and photopic response after 4-week transplantation was increased (PO.05); while latent period of a-wave in scotopic rod response after 4-week transplantation was shorten (PO.05).Conclusion 1. At the age of 3 months, photoreceptors of the RCS rat degenerated completely, which leaded to the reduction of amplitudes of a-wave and b-wave.
Wstar大鼠术后1周的暗适应视杆反应，a波潜伏期缩短o叼。05）；术后2周的暗适应视杆反应，a波潜伏期延长o功刀5）：术后1周的暗适应最大反应，b波潜伏期缩短o功刀5卜＊CS大鼠术后4周的暗适应视杆反应和明适应反应，a波振幅增大o功刀匀；术后4周的暗适应视杆反应，a波潜伏期缩短o＜0卜结论1、RCS大鼠在3月龄时感光细胞变性死亡，导致FERG的a、b波振幅明显降低；视网膜下腔仍存在感光细胞外节盘膜碎屑，外丛状层缺乏感光细胞的突触末端，同时Muler细胞出现反应性胶质纤维增生。
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Find one's feet 适应环境I want them to learn to find their feet.
我要他们学会适应环境。
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acclimate make unaccustomed：适应新环境的不适应的
acclimate make unfamiliar with 使适应使不熟悉 | acclimate make unaccustomed 适应新环境的不适应的 | accolade excoriate 赞美批判
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altitude acclimatization：高原适应
altitude acclimation 高地适应,��空适应,��山适应,��原适应 | altitude acclimatization 高原适应 | altitude acquisition technique 高空探测技术
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acculturate：适应文化 使适应文化
accruement | 获利, 利息, 自然增长 | acculturate | 适应文化 使适应文化 | acculturation | 文化传入, 文化适应
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acculturation：文化适应
"文化适应"(acculturation)其实质是文化问题,"文化是人们适应环境,解读生活的主要手段". 和谐校园中少数民族学生遭遇文化适应问题,按照Berry提出的文化适应的四种模式,主要表现在"分离"和"边缘化".
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light adaptation：明适应
ation)明适应(light adaptation)2、暗适应与光适应(2)05101520253035345678暗适应时间(分钟)阈限的对数值图5.3 在暗适应过程中视觉阈限的变化2、暗适应与光适应(3)051015203045609012020406080100时间(秒)图5.4 光适应曲线比较光的相对数值(二)空间辨别眼睛的空间辨别能力即视锐度(visual acuity)表现为觉察目标刺激的存在以
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dark adaptation：暗适应
光适应(1)暗适应(dark adaptation)明适应(light adaptation)2、暗适应与光适应(2)05101520253035345678暗适应时间(分钟)阈限的对数值图5.3 在暗适应过程中视觉阈限的变化2、暗适应与光适应(3)051015203045609012020406080100时间(秒)图5.4 光适应曲线比较光的相对数值(二)空间辨别眼睛的空间辨别能力即视锐度(visual acuity
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adaptive control system：自适应控制系统,适应控制系统
adaptive control of machine tool 机床自适应控制 | adaptive control system 自适应控制系统,适应控制系统 | adaptive controller 适应控制器
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ephemera：不适应植物[外地引入,因不适应而迅速消失的植物]
epharmone 适应型 | ephemera 不适应植物[外地引入,因不适应而迅速消失的植物] | ephemeretum 短生植物,草本一年生植物
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adaptive ocellus：适应单眼
\\"适应区位;适应地位;适应栖位\\",\\"adaptive niche\\" | \\"适应单眼\\",\\"adaptive ocellus\\" | \\"适应可塑性;可塑性适应\\",\\"adaptive plasticity\\"
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adaptive optimal control：自适应最佳控制,自适应最优控制
adaptive learning network 自适应查询网络 | adaptive optimal control 自适应最佳控制,自适应最优控制 | adaptive optimal system 自适应最佳系统