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Nietzsche"s political philosophy is not piled up a dish of messy sand by maxim form, the writer thinks that Nietzsche"s political construction has his continuous logicality. It"s an expression of political philosophy that is constructed on the base of force will and life will, it makes life reach at a transitional bridge that can supply condition for the salvation of art. Thus, there are three understandings here. Firstly, politics is an objective expression of power will, also is an external expression of power will. The real politics depends on power will and services to their requirement and regulation; Secondly, the life faces on the double crises, on the one hand, the life falls into denial of Christian morality. Morality of Christianity presumes another world that life never touch for. This is world of soul belief and pursue, meanwhile, life is depreciated and degenerated as "evil", so the value of life suffers from misunderstanding and denial. Things of presence are subverted as things of exeunt."Uprising of slave in morality" results in the denial of ",master morality, at the same time, although modern democratic politics that based on morality of Christianity makes person return secular life and makes life identity and trite. This kind of politics creates privation of special vulture and race. On the other hand, internal requirement of power will results in the crisis of life because the characteristics of power will is continuous making and destroy.
尼采的政治哲学并非是以格言形式堆积而成的一盘散沙,笔者认为,尼采的政治建构有其一贯的逻辑性,体现为其政治哲学是建构在强力意志或生命意志基础上的并使生命达至艺术拯救提供条件的一座过度性桥梁,对此有三层理解:首先政治是权力意志的一种客观体现,是全力意志的一种外化,真正的政治必须立足于权力意志之上并服务于其要求和规定;其次,生命面临着双重危机,一方面,生命陷入基督教道德的否定之中,基督教道德设定了一个生命遥不可及的彼岸世界,这是灵魂信仰和追求的世界,同时生命被贬堕为"恶",这样,生命的价值遭到误解和否定,在场的事物被颠覆为退场的事物,"主人道德"被否定,这是"道德上的奴隶起义"的结果,同时基于基督教道德之上的现代民主政治虽然使人回到了尘世,但是又将生命齐一化和平庸化,造成特殊文化和特殊种族的缺位,而正是这种文化和这种种族才能真正地肯定生命;另一方面,生命的危机是权力意志内在的要求所致,因为权力意志的一个特质就是连续地生成和毁灭,就生命本身就是权力意志而言,毁灭就是其必然的命运。
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I have occasional visits in the long winter evenings, when the snow falls fast and the wind howls in the wood, from an old settler and original proprietor, who is reported to have dug Walden Pond,and stoned it, and fringed it with pine woods; who tells me stories of old time and of new eternity; and between us we manage to pass a cheerful evening with social mirth and pleasant views of things,even without apples or cider —— a most wise and humorous friend,whom I love much, who keeps himself more secret than ever did Goffe or Whalley; and though he is thought to be dead, none can show where he is buried.
在冬天的长夜里,雪狂飘,风在森林中号叫的时候,一个老年的移民,原先的主人,不时来拜访我,据说瓦尔登湖还是他挖了出来,铺了石子,沿湖种了松树的;他告诉我旧时的和新近的永恒的故事;我们俩这样过了一个愉快的夜晚,充满了交际的喜悦,交换了对事物的惬意的意见,虽然没有苹果或苹果酒,——这个最聪明而幽默的朋友啊,我真喜欢他,他比谷菲或华莱知道更多的秘密;虽然人家说他已经死了,却没有人指出过他的坟墓在哪里。
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But such conclusions about the world are to be reached transcendentally by a priori reflection on the conditions of our thinking and experiencing the things we do.
用最勾画式的表述来说,成问题的是强目标的先验论证的结论,显然试图陈述事物是如何的(例如,存在持存东西,或事件是因果相关的,或存在思想和感受的人,等)以及其本身的某种方式(而不是某人对它的认为或相信),但是这样的关于世界的结论,要被先验地达到,通过先天反思我们对世界之思和经验的条件。
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How when we are in a Doubt or Hesitation, whether to go this Way, or that Way, a secret Hint shall direct us this Way, when we intended to go that Way; nay, when Sense, our own Inclination, and perhaps Business has call'd to go the other Way, yet a strange Impression upon the Mind, from we know not what Springs, and by we know not what Power, shall over-rule us to go this Way; and it shall afterwards appear, that had we gone that Way which we should have gone, and even to our Imagination ought to have gone, we should have been ruin'd and lost: Upon these, and many like Reflections, I afterwards made it a certain Rule with me, That whenever I found those secret Hints, or pressings of my Mind, to doing, or not doing any Thing that presented; or to going this Way, or that Way, I never fail'd to obey the secret Dictate; though I knew no other Reason for it, than that such a Pressure, or such a Hint hung upon my Mind: I could give many Examples of the Success of this Conduct in the Course of my Life; but more especially in the latter Part of my inhabiting this unhappy Island; besides many Occasions which it is very likely I might have taken Notice of, if I had seen with the same Eyes then, that I saw with now: But 'tis never too late to be wise; and I cannot but advise all considering Men, whose Lives are attended with such extraordinary Incidents as mine, or even though not so extraordinary, not to slight such secret Intimations of Providence, let them come from what invisible Intelligence they will, that' I shall not discuss, and perhaps cannot account for; but certainly they are a Proof of the Converse of Spirits, and the secret Communication between those embody'd, and those unembody'd; and such a Proof as can never be withstood: Of which I shall have Occasion to give some very remarkable Instances, in the Remainder of my solitary Residence in this dismal Place.
有时,我们会陷入无所适从的境地,踌躇不定不知道该走哪条路才好。这时候,内心常常会出现一种暗示,指示我们走这条路,虽然我们原来想走的是那条路。不仅如此,有时我们的感觉、愿望、或我们的任务明明要我们走那条路,可是心里忽然灵机一动,要我们走这条路;这种灵机也不知道是从哪里来的,也不知道出自什么影响,可就是压倒了原来的一切感觉和愿望,使我们走这条路。结果,后来的事实证明,如果我们当初走了我们自己想走的路,或者走了我们心目中认为应该走的路,我们则早已陷于万劫不复的境地。反复思索之后,我自己定下了一条规矩:每当自己心里出现这种神秘的暗示或冲动,指示我应做什么或不应做什么,我就坚决服从这种神秘的指示,尽管我不知道为什么该这么做或该这么走,我知道的只是心里的这种暗示或冲动。在我一生中,可以找出许许多多这样的例子,由于我遵循了这种暗示或冲动而获得了成功,尤其是我流落到这个倒霉的荒岛上以后的生活,更证明了这一点。此外还有许多例子。当时我若能用现在的眼光去看待,是一定会意识到的。但是,世上有许多道理,只要有一天能大彻大悟,就不算太晚。我奉劝那些三思而后行的人,如果在他们的生活里,也像我一样充满了种种出乎寻常的变故,或者即使没有什么出乎寻常的变故,都千万不要忽视这种上天的启示,不管这种启示是什么看不见的神明发出的。关于这一点,我不准备在这里讨论,也无法加以阐明。但这种启示至少可以证明,精神与精神之间是可以交往的,有形的事物和无形的事物之间是有神秘的沟通的。而且,这种证明是永远无法推翻的。关于这一点,我将用我后半生的孤寂生活中一些很重要的例子加以证明。
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cord:索
其本来意思是:尼罗河,从其源远流长、连续不断、川流不息等含意中又可引伸出这样的意思,即"线索"(cord)或"链条"、"系列"(chain). 贝克莱在这里借用此词,其用意有两个方面. (2)关于物体的学说. 在说明包括人的身体在内的自然事物的本质、构成、运动变化的规律的时候,