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ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODSThe intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.
［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。
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ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between anatomic structure of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and dental implantation by measuring mandible innervation esemplarsMETHODS The intramandibular course of mandibular canal and its dimendion were measured in 15 mandibles with teeth; the relationship between blood vessel and nerve was observed in 5 fresh samples in which the artery was filled; and then the data were analyzed by statisticsRESULTSThe mandibular canal was close to the lingual side and the inferior margin of the mandible, the mandibular canal and the 10mm underside of mandible were parallel in the region of the first and the second molars, it runned outboard to genal aperture when it was hereabout genal aperture, and the blood vessel lay above nerve in the mandibular canalCONCLUSIONIn implant operation performed according to normal anatomy, injury to inferior alveolar nerve may be avoided.
［目的］探讨下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植的关系［方法］选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴及下颌管的相关数据，进行统计学分析［结果］牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度由前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第1，2磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔处转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上［结论］牙种植术中按正常解剖部位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经；如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血液，则提示若继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。
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RESULTS: When torque force loads were applied, the peak values of VonMises stress on buccal side, lingual side and mesiodistal side of the implant neck were 0.624, 0.652, and 0.603 MPa, respectively, and the peak values of displacement were 0.066, 0.059 and 0.063 μm, respectively.
结果：在扭转力载荷作用下，种植体颈部颊侧、舌侧及近远中侧的VonMises应力峰值分别为0.624，0.652和0.603 MPa；位移峰值分别为0.066，0.059和0.063 μm。
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In this study, the position of implant inclined to the lingual side slightly. When torque force was exerted on implants the lingual, buccal, and mesiodistal maximum Von-Mises stress were 0.65MPa, 0.624MPa and 0.603MPa, respectively.
由于本实验中种植体种植的部位略偏向舌侧，当种植体受到扭力作用的时候，其舌侧、颊侧及近远中侧的最大Von-Mises应力分别为0.65MPa、0.624MPa、0.603MPa。
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Place short and long food chips in posterior occlusion of unilateral left side. When the masticated load was 3、5、7 kg, the displacement of abutments was measured by a LB-high sensitive laser transferring detector to calculate displacement, inclination and torsion of the abutment in mesial-distal, labial lingual and vertical and horizontal directions.
分别在左侧后牙区放置长、短食物片的咬合状态下，负载3 kg、5 kg、7 kg咬合力时，用高精度半导体激光位移测量仪测量并计算出同侧基牙在近远中向、颊舌向的水平位移和倾斜、垂直向的位移和水平旋转，统计分析不同牙尖斜度对基牙位移的影响。
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foliate papillae：叶状乳头
4.叶状乳头 叶状乳头(foliate papillae)位于舌体后方侧缘,形如叶片整齐排列,乳头间沟的两则上皮中富有味蕾,沟底也有味腺开口. 叶状乳头于兔等动物很发达,于人已近退化.