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The results showed that the main characteristic of the fracture surface is the dimples and second-phase particle...
分析表明，连杆硬度过高导致的脆性和大量碳化物的存在是导致连杆断裂的主要原因；连杆截面突变处的应力集中也对连杆的过载断裂起着重要的促进作用。
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The addition of Re slightly decreased the formation temperature of MC carbides and promoted the precipitation of μ phase from the oversaturated γ matrix.
Re不进入MC碳化物，Re的加入可降低MC形成温度并促进μ相从MC周围过饱和的γ基体中析出，进而诱发MC不稳定分解。
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Micstructure and properties were investigated and dertermined. The results show that carbide structural inheritance of high chromium cast iron is obvious after remelt; carbide struc- tural inheritance was reduced with remelt times increasing; insulation can improve the carbide structural inheritance, but the longer insulation time was, the thicker ...
结果表明：高铬白口铸铁中的碳化物经过重熔仍存在明显的遗传现象；随着重熔次数的增加，碳化物组织遗传效应减弱，力学性能下降；保温处理可以改善碳化物的组织遗传性；过长的保温时间导致碳化物变得粗大，高铬白口铸铁的力学性能下降。
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The results show that the modificator Mg can cause thermodynamic undercooling , and it may absorb in the crystal faces of preferential growth of carbides, which can slow down carbides growing up on plate type and make them tend to be fine, isolated and passivated, and thus the impact toughness is improved greatly.
研究结果表明：在过共晶高铬白口铸铁结晶过程中，变质元素Mg不仅造成热力学过冷，而且Mg可能吸附于碳化物择优长大的晶面上，起到阻碍碳化物片状长大的作用，使碳化物趋于细小、孤立，且边部钝化，使冲击韧度显著提高。
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The laser-cladding layeron the alloy consists of matrix phase of over-saturation solid solution γ and complexhexagonal carbide M_7C_3. Under certain condition, with fast laser scanning speed, the oversaturation solubility of elements increases in γ, and the precipitation of the complexcarbide M_7C_3 decreases, so that the microhardness increases and the wear resistance de-creases. But at slower laser scanning speed, more complex carbide M_7C_3 may precipitate, andthe wear resistance may be improved. Therefore, it is believed that the principal factor in im-provement over wear resistance is the precipitation of carbide M_7C_3, while overmicrohardness is the over-saturation solubility of elements in matrix phase.
表明：(1)激光熔覆合金层是由过饱和的γ基体相和复杂的六方M_7C_3碳化物相所组成(2)在其他参数不变的情况下，随激光扫描速度的提高，γ基体相过饱和度增大，而析出的碳化物含量减少，因而合金层的硬度升高，耐磨性有所下降；而降低激光的扫描速度，碳化物M_7C_3析出增加，有利于提高合金层的耐磨性、因此碳化物M_7C_3析出量是提高耐磨性的主要因素，而增加基体相γ的过饱和度则是硬度提高的主要因素
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The results show that the surface layer of the air-exposed ZrVFe getter is covered with H20, CO2 and hydrocarbons, both Zr and V exist in the oxidized state, and vanadium oxide starts to reduce at 200℃. The activation results in the enrichment of Zr on the getter surface and the formation of the metallic carbides. H2O, CO2 and hydrocarbons sequentially desorb from the surface with the increase of temperature. H2 is the main gas which desorbs above 200℃ and O2 is not discovered. ZrO2 is reduced to near-metallic or metallic state because O in ZrO2 leaves the getter surface through diffusing into getter bulk.
结果表明：暴露于过大气的吸气剂表面覆盖着H2O、CO2及碳氢化合物等，Zr和V主要以氧化态存在；在吸气剂加热激活过程中，V的氧化物在200℃开始还原；激活过程导致表面近金属态Zr的富集以及部分金属碳化物的生成；随着温度的升高，H2O、CO2及碳氢化合物逐渐从吸气剂表面脱附，在200℃以上，主要脱附气体为H2，整个激活过程未发现O2；ZrO2还原为近金属态或金属态，主要是由于ZrO2中的O通过向吸气剂内部扩散而离开吸气剂表面所致。
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Crack reasons for this are: the heating temperature is too high as a result of quenching or cooling in a hurry, the quality of thermal stress and metal volume changes in the organization of the anti-stress than the breaking strength of steel; the work of the original surface defects (such as surface micro-cracks or scratches) or the internal defect of steel (such as slag, serious non-metallic inclusions, white point, the residual cavity, etc.) formed in the quenching stress concentration; serious Decarburization and carbide surface segregation; parts after quenching Back lack of timely or tempering fire; processes in front of the stress caused by excessive cold red, forging folding, turning deep marks, sharp edges and corners, such as the oil groove.
造成这种裂纹的原因有：由于淬火加热温度过高或冷却太急，热应力和金属质量体积变化时的组织应力大于钢材的抗断裂强度；工作表面的原有缺陷或是钢材内部缺陷（如夹渣、严重的非金属夹杂物、白点、缩孔残余等）在淬火时形成应力集中；严重的表面脱碳和碳化物偏析；零件淬火后回火不足或未及时回火；前面工序造成的冷冲应力过大、锻造折叠、深的车削刀痕、油沟尖锐棱角等。
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network structure：网状组织
火网状组织 (network structure) 钢材内部缺陷之一,表现为热加工的钢材冷却后沿奥氏体晶界析出的过剩碳化物(指过共析钢等)或铁素体(指亚共析钢)形成的网络结构.
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perhalogenated fluorocarbon：全卤化氟碳化合物; 全氟碳化物
perhalogenated 全卤化的 所有氢原子被卤原子取代的 | perhalogenated fluorocarbon 全卤化氟碳化合物; 全氟碳化物 | perhydroxyl radical 氢过氧游离基; 氢过氧自由基; 过羟基