观测

基本解释 (translations)

observation

与观测相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Base stations and mobile stations are a group of satellite observations, the base station will observe the data connected by data sent to the mobile stations, mobile stations that the observed data and the data itself is bad decomposition operator, which are mobile stations, and between the base station with high precision relative position of the mobile station will eventually calculate the solution of the three-dimensional data storage and transfer them to complete the dynamic observation.

基准站和流动站都是对一组卫星进行观测，基准站将观测到的数据通过数据连传送到流动站，流动站将该数据与本身观测到的数据进行差分解算，从而得到流动站和基准站之间的具有较高精度的相对位置，最终将解算出的流动站的三维数据存储并传输出来即完成了动态观测。

Study on application and simulation of Kalman filter technology in SINS Because Kalman filter some merits, such as provided a fast and accurate method for SINS, adopting it to do initial alignment in this paper. The Kalman filter theory is introduced and the dynamic error vector equation of the initial alignment is derived at the first. Using velocity error as exterior value of observation, maneuverable characteristic that is influenced with system's observability and its degree is studied at length by do amount of simulations and experiences.

首先介绍了卡尔曼滤波理论及相关技术，建立了系统卡尔曼滤波的状态方程和观测方程；首先采用速度误差作为观测值，详尽的研究了系统机动特性对可观测性和可观测度的影响，并做了大量仿真实验：通过对滤波原理的分析研究了影响的原因；分别选用加速度计输出误差和转台输出姿态角误差作为外部观测值，推导建立它们的观测模型，并通过仿真证明了分析结论的正确性。

Theoretical calculation shows the anomaly of reservoir tidal gravity is measured at μGal level, while the measured data shows the observation error of such tidal gravity at 10-μGal level. This indicates that the data noise may well disguise real anomalies, and therefore that the lack of measured anomaly data does not necessarily equate to the lack of oil and gas reservoir underneath. The actual observed tidal gravity anomaly can reach tens of μGal. Though it is more than three times the observation error, we can not attribute it to the reservoir-induced tidal gravity anomaly.

理论计算表明，油藏潮汐重力异常在微伽量级，而实际资料表明潮汐重力的观测误差为10 μGal量级，油藏潮汐重力异常可能会被噪声淹没，所以没有观测到潮汐重力异常不等于地下没有油气；实际观测的潮汐重力异常可达数十μGal，即使超过观测误差的3倍，也不能将它直接归因于油藏产生的潮汐重力异常。

This doctoral dissertation is composed of several parts: At beginning, the frontal structure, the effects of diabatic heating and orography, the dynamics of frontal circulation and the mesoscale systems associated with front are reviewed. Several problems based on the review are brought forward. First, at present, the semigeostrophic frontogenesis theory is the most appropriate basic framework for the general explanation of the frontogenetic process. However, the comparison between semigeostrophic theory and the observation have revealed some inconsistencies. The newly observational facts increase the inconsistencies.

本博士论文主要由如下几部分组成，首先对锋面结构、地形和非绝热加热对锋的影响、锋生环流及锋面附近中尺度系统动力学问题的历史与现状进行了综述，在此基础上提出需要进行研究的若干问题：(1)、半地转锋生理论直到今天仍是解释锋生过程的最合适的理论框架，但是通过与观测事实比较，人们发现半地转理论不能对许多锋面观测特征给出令人满意的回答，新的观测事实使问题更加突出，这就向人们提出：是什么原因导致半地转理论与实际观测的不符？

Ensure a more integrated approach to observation across networks such as those of WMO's WWW, GAW and hydrology and those co-sponsored by WMO such as the Global Climate Observing System; and across disciplines including terrestrial and oceanic, with emphasis on satellite observations

对于跨网络的观测，例如WMO的WWW，GAW和水文网以及象全球气候观测系统这样的WMO合作主持的项目，以及包括陆地和海洋重点放在卫星观测的跨学科的观测，使用更为综合的方法

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

The specific content of man-made earth satellite motion theory, power of observation and owned satellite operator, observation equipment and the establishment of such a number of observation points the content of .20 century, 60-70 years, have been used as a weather observation satellite launched high-altitude balloon, as the satellite observed the law of geometric measurement objectives of the United States launched TRANSIT .80 era satellites, it has several flights along different directions through the ring of satellites to address at any time, there will be a satellite-observable problems.

具体的研究内容有人造地球卫星运动理论、动力式卫星的观测及归算、观测仪器和观测点的设立等多项内容。20世纪60—70年代，曾用为气象观测发射的高空气球卫星，作为卫星几何测地法的观测目标。80年代美国发射子午仪卫星，它有几个沿不同经圈方向飞行的卫星，以解决任何时候都会有一颗卫星可观测的问题。

According to the observation experiment at the Jiufeng station where there is smaller environment noise, the conclusions are drawn as follows.In the normal atmosphere, the observed value is about 500×10-5ms-2, which is greater than theoretical value about 30×10-5ms-2, and if in the low vacuum, the observational error about 2.3×10-5ms-2 is generated. The vacuum maintaining system in falling room can not work normally, which will yield 0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2 error to the gravimetric observation. In the case of that the measurement is in the stable geological conditions and the smaller environment noise, the action of vibration isolating spring is not obvious, but it yields greater effects on measurement accuracy.

通过在环境干扰较小的九峰站观测实验，得到如下结论：在正常大气压状态下所观测到的空气阻力影响约500×10-5ms-2，比理论估算值大近30×10-5ms-2，若在低真空状态测量空气阻力也将产生2.3×10-5ms-2观测误差；落体室真空度维持系统工作不正常，空气阻力也将对重力观测造成0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2的观测误差；在地质条件比较稳定，环境震动干扰较小的基墩上测量，隔震弹簧的作用对观测结果影响不明显，但对测量精度影响较大。

The CO2 uptake rate of plants is affected by the plant species and environmental conditions such as photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, water and nutrient contents. PAR is the most immediate environmental control on photosynthesis while air temperature affects both photorespiration and dark respiration. In the natural condition, PAR and temperature play an important role in net CO2 uptake. The effects of PAR and air temperature on the CO2 uptake of Pterocarpus macrocarpus grown in a natural habitat were studied in the present work. Due to many uncontrollable factors, a simple rectangular hyperbola could not represent the measured data. The data were divided into groups of 2℃ intervals; CO2 uptake in each group may then be related to PAR by a rectangular hyperbola function. Using the obtained functions, the effect of PAR was removed from the original data.

用涡度相关法对亚热带红壤丘陵区人工针叶林的二氧化碳、水、热通量进行了观测，重点分析了23m、39m两层高度的观测结果，同时把观测期分为春季和冬季两个不同时间段作了对比：结果表明，不管冬季还是春季，39m高度所测的总通量值和夜间通量值都要小于23m的观测值，这种通量差别表明：23m高度的观测结果更接近当地生态系统与大气之间的通量交换值，在此种生态类型条件下用涡度相关法测碳通量时，在23m、39m两层高度之间仍然存在大气平流现象；该试验区植被在冬季仍然可以进行光合作用，而且光合作用所吸收的CO2大于呼吸作用所排放的CO2，因此该种生态系统在冬季仍表现为碳汇；春季的碳通量值为冬季的2倍以上。

Since there are some disadvantages, such as magnitudes, reference systems and difficulties in observing an asteroid during its motion in its whole orbit, etc., when the asteroid is observed simply by means of the meridian or photograph methods, a new method for observing asteroids with a lower latitude meridian circle and a CCD measuring device is proposed according to the conditions of the geographic latitude of the Yunnan Observatory which can be used to observe the whole orbit of an asteroid.

考虑到单纯用子午方法或照相方法对小行星进行观测存在着因星等、定标星系统，以及难于在小行星运行全轨道上进行观测等方面的不利因素，在本文中，根据云南天文台能观测小行星全轨道的地理纬度条件，提出利用低纬子午环与CCD测量装置相配合，并利用低纬子午环直接提供的定标星，在一个统一的基本仪器系统中，通过对小行星在全轨道上均匀分布的观测，获得高精度的小行星观测资料，以便得到更准确的星表零点改正。

与观测相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

D Crooked Line Spreadsheet：二维弯线观测系统定义

39. 2D Marine Geometry Spreadsheet. 二维海上观测系统定义 | 40. 2D Crooked Line Spreadsheet. 二维弯线观测系统定义 | 41. 3D Land Geometry Spreadsheet. 三维陆上观测系统定义

helioscope：太阳目视(观测)镜,太阳观测望远镜

signal threshold 信号阈, 信号门限 | helioscope 太阳目视(观测)镜,太阳观测望远镜 | electrolytic polishing 电解抛光

OBIT VC：观测项目

观测开始年号 OBBGYR VC(4) 59 | 观测项目 OBIT VC(3000) 59 | 观测系列长 OBSRLN VC(4000) 59

observable component：可观测分量

observable 可观测的 | observable component 可观测分量 | observation 观测

observational error：观测误差,观察误差

observational data 观测数据,观测资料 | observational error 观测误差,观察误差 | observational material 观测资料

radiosonde observation：无线电高空测候观测探空仪观测

radiosonde observation 无线电高空测候观测 | radiosonde observation 无线电高空测候观测探空仪观测 | radiosonde 无线电探空仪

GOS：全球观测系统

中国气象局积极参与全球观测合作,是全球综合地球观测系统(GEOSS)、全球观测系统(GOS)、全球气候观测系统(GCOS)的重要组成部分. 中国气候观测系统将通过多部门联合共建,改进、集成和完善现有的与气候系统观测有关的观测系统,

observability index：可观测性指标

observability 可观测性,能观测性 | observability index 可观测性指标 | observable vector 可观测向量

Observed value：观测值

也即它是由单次观测所得,还是由多次观测所得. 若是单次,则观测值(observed value)就是测量结果. 若是对同一量的多次观测,则其算术平均值才是测量结果;在很多精密测量的情况下,测量结果是根据重复观测确定的.

GOOS Initial Observing System：全球海洋观测系统的初步观测系统

remainder of the term of office ...,... 未完成的任期,, | GOOS Initial Observing System,全球海洋观测系统的初步观测系统,GOOS-IOS, | Integrated Global Observing Strategy,综合全球观测战略,IGOS,