蝗科

基本解释 (translations)

acridiidae

与蝗科相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

In the first chapter, using fragments of COI gene, we studied the phylogenetic relationships among species of five familes of Acridoidea with MP and Bayesian methods. The results were as follows:(1) Species of Acrididae, Gomphoceridae and all the Arcypterinae species of Arcypteridae are monophyletic. Species of Oedipodidae are supported as a monophyleticgroup, Ceracrinae species of Arcypteridae cluter together to make a monophyletic group. Epistaurus aberrans and Xenocatantops humilis is a phylogenetic group, Stenocatantops splendens and Hieroglyphus banian is also a phylogenetic group.

我们首先利用COI基因序列片段，使用最大简约法、贝叶斯法研究了斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科42种的系统发育关系，得到如下结果：（1）由所有网翅蝗亚科的物种与剑角蝗科绿洲蝗亚科和槌角蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；斑翅蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；网翅蝗科的竹蝗亚科的黄脊雷蓖蝗和青脊竹蝗聚在一起形成单系群；斑腿蝗科的长翅十字蝗和大斑外斑腿蝗亲缘关系较近，形成一个单系群；长角直斑腿蝗和等歧蔗蝗始终聚在一起，形成一个单系群。

The molecular phylogenetic trees indicated that Oedipodinae is a monophyletic group and this subfamily is a natural one, but Catantopinae and Acridinae are non-monophyletic. Oedipodnae is a relatively primitive group within the Acrididae, whereas the Oxyinae may have diverged later than Oedipodinae, but earlier than most other species of Acridide.

分子系统树表明：斑翅蝗亚科是一单系群，该亚科是一个合法的亚科，但斑腿蝗亚科和蝗亚科都不是单系群；斑翅蝗亚科在蝗科内是一个相对原始的类群，而稻蝗亚科比斑翅蝗亚科相对进化，比蝗科的其他亚科的种类相对原始。

The relationships among the five families are very close, so we support the view that these five families can be combined into one family Acrididae.(3) It is suggested that Arcypterinae, Gomphoceridae and Chrysochraontinae be combined into Gomphocerinae of the family Acrididae.

在与我国传统分类和国外分类系统比较基础上，结合我们的系统树，建议将网翅蝗亚科、槌角蝗科和绿洲蝗亚科合并，恢复国际用名大足蝗亚科Gomphocerinae。

The taxonomic system is very different from the one used widespreadly by foreign scholars. The taxonomic status and the phylogentic relationships among the five families Catantopidae, Acrididae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae is the main controversy. In order to provide enough proofs for improving the taxonomic system, it is necessary to study the phylogeny of five families of Acridoidea based on molecular markers.

但此分类系统与国外所用的分类系统差别较大，争论的焦点在于斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科的分类地位及其相互关系，因此我们从分子水平上探讨这5科的系统发育关系，为完善蝗总科分类系统提供一些必要的证据。

In the second chapter, sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were determined for 25 species from the Acrididae and the homologous sequences of 19 species of grasshoppers were downloaded from GenBank. Phylogeny was reconstructed by MP and Bayesian criteria using Yunnanites coriacea and Tagasta marginella as outgroup.

测定了蝗总科25种蝗虫的线粒体Cyt b部分序列，并从GenBank中下载了蝗总科19种昆虫的Cyt b基因同源序列，以瘤锥蝗科的云南蝗Yunnanites coriacea和长额橄蝗 Tagasta marginella作为外群，用MP法和贝叶斯法重建系统发生树。

Clade Ⅰ consists of the species of Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae, Clade Ⅱ consists of the species of Pneumoridae, Clade Ⅲ consist of species of Pamphagidae and Clade Ⅳ contains species of Catantopidae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae and Acrididae.

三、在对斑翅蝗科系统发育的研究中，我们共测定了斑翅蝗科4亚科15种蝗虫的16S rDNA序列片段，并从GenBank中下载了斑翅蝗科6种、其它蝗科9种的16S rDNA相应序列片段，然后对这共计30种蝗总科昆虫的16S rDNA序列片段进行了同

The members of the same genus and family were grouped together. The polyogenetic relationships of 8 families were Pyrgomorphidae →Chrotogonidae→Pamphagidae→Oedipodidae→Acrididae→Arcypteridae→Gomphoceridae→Cantantopidae.Pygomorphidae had closer relationships with Chrotogonidae as well as being the most ancestral group. Arcypteridae and Gomphoceridae were the sister groups and had closer relationships with most evolutionary Catantopidae. Tridactylidae was divided firstly as a suborder,which differs from the recent taxonomy distinctly. Haglidae and Gryllidae were grouped into suborder Ensifera, Tetrigidae and 8 families of Acridoidea were grouped into suborder Caelifera, as same as recent taxonomy.

分子系统树表明：科内的属和属内的种均优先聚在一起；蝗总科8科的起源关系为：锥头蝗科→瘤锥蝗科→癞蝗科→斑翅蝗科→剑角蝗科→网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科→斑腿蝗科；锥头蝗科与瘤锥蝗科关系较近，是蝗总科内最原始的类群；槌角蝗科和网翅蝗科互为姐妹群，与最进化的斑腿蝗科关系较近；蚤蝼科为独立的一支，最先分出，似为一个亚目，与现用的分类系统有明显差别；哈螽科和蟋蟀科聚在一起为剑瓣亚目，蚱科和蝗总科的8科组成短瓣亚目，同现用的分类系统。

The Acridoidea is generally divided into 8 families by Chinese scholars, Pamphagidae, Chrotogonidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Catantopidae, Acrididae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae.

我国分类学家通常把中国蝗总科分为8个科：癞蝗科、瘤锥蝗科、锥头蝗科、斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科。

The taxonomic system is very different from the one used widespreadly by foreign scholars.

但此分类系统与国外所用的分类系统差别较大，争论的焦点在于斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科的分类地位及其相互关系，因此我们从分子水平上探讨这5科的系统发育关系，为完善蝗总科分类系统提供一些必要的证据。

The results are as follows: 1 The ingroups studied are divided into four clades on the molecular phylogenetic trees that we reconstructed.

我们测定了斑腿蝗科10亚科20种蝗虫和其它蝗科3种蝗虫的16S rDNA序列片段，并从GenBank中下载了斑腿蝗科3种、其它蝗科10种及蚱总科2种的16S rDNA相应序列片段，然后对这共计38种蝗亚目昆虫的16S rDNA序列片段进行了同源性比较，以其中2种蚱作外群构建了蝗总科的分子系统树，得到的结论如下：1斑腿蝗科并非是一单系群。2该科中的切翅蝗亚科、稻蝗亚科、黑蝗亚科、秃蝗亚科、卵翅蝗亚科、蔗蝗亚科均不是单系群，分子系统树的聚类结果与基于形态特征的斑腿蝗科的分类体系有较大的出入。3支持将黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科合并为一个亚科——秃蝗亚科。4卵翅蝗、伪稻蝗和稻蝗三者有很近的亲缘关系。

与蝗科相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Acrididae：剑角蝗科

直翅目 ORTHOPTERA | 剑角蝗科 Acrididae | 威廉剑角蝗 Acrida willemsei Dirsh

Family Acrididae：蝗科

[5]Order ORTHOPTERA 直翅目 | 7. Family Acrididae 蝗科(Sw, Ha) | 8. Family Pyrgomorphidae 锥头蝗科

僧帽佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科：Phlaeoba infumata

Phlaeoba antennata 長角佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科 | Phlaeoba infumata 僧帽佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科 | Gelastorhinus rotundatus 圓翅螇蚚蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科

長角佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科：Phlaeoba antennata

Leptacris vittata 白條長腹蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科 | Phlaeoba antennata 長角佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科 | Phlaeoba infumata 僧帽佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科

Acridiidae：蝗科

在一般山区均可找到, 每年8、9月间交尾产卵於落叶堆的腐植土中, 经2星期孵化为幼虫,经过I0个月化蛹,再过I、2月羽化为成虫,当年冬天就死亡. 特性:属直翅目(Orthoptera),蝗科(Acridiidae)特性:属於异翅目(Isoptera),蚁科(Formicidae)

Trilophidia annulata：疣蝗 Oedipodidae 斑翅蝗科

Gastrimargus marmoratus 雲斑車蝗 Catantopidae 斑腿蝗科 | Trilophidia annulata 疣蝗 Oedipodidae 斑翅蝗科 | Ceracris fasciata 黑翅竹蝗 Arcypteridae 網翅蝗科

Phlaeoba antennata：長角佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科

Leptacris vittata 白條長腹蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科 | Phlaeoba antennata 長角佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科 | Phlaeoba infumata 僧帽佛蝗 Acrididae 劍角蝗科

Locustidae：蝗科

黄脊竹蝗为直翅目(Orthoptera)蝗科(Locustidae),通称竹蝗,2007年预计发生面积9万亩,其中轻度发生4.5万亩;中度发生3万亩;重度发生1.5万亩. 竹缕舟蛾为蛾舟蛾科(Notodontidae),2007年预计发生面积3万亩,其中轻度1.8万亩,中度0.8万亩,

Tetrigidae：菱蝗科(蚱科)

股沟蚱科 Batrachididae | 菱蝗科(蚱科)Tetrigidae | 蚤蝼总科 Tridactyloidea

Family Tetrigidae：蝗科

9. Family Catantopidae 斑腿蝗科(Sw, Ha) | 10. Family Tetrigidae 蝗科(Pi, Sw, UV, Ha) | 11. Family Tettigoniidae 螽蟴科