给药

基本解释 (translations)

dose  ·  dosed  ·  doses  ·  dosages

与给药相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Twenty-four hours after the last oral administration, the blood were obtained and used for testing adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, urea nitrogen. Results Before taking medicine, model rats' cAMP/cGMP and ACTH were lower than normal rats', and they showed a trend of rise with adding dose. Before taking medicine, model rats' GLU was lower than normal rats'. With adding dose, model rats' GLU increased, however, normal rats' GLU reduced. When taken medium dose white prepared lateral root of aconite, model rats' CHO was higher than normal rats'. Taking medicine made both groups ALT rise, but normal rats' went up more quickly than model rats'. Model rats' BUN was higher than normal rats', and taking low dose or little dose medicine could lead to incline of reduction.

结果 给药前模型组环磷酸腺苷/环磷酸鸟苷和促肾上腺皮质激素低于正常组，随着给药剂量的增加，两者有升高的趋势；给药前模型组血糖低于正常组，随着给药剂量的增加，模型组GLU有升高的趋势，而正常组有下降的趋势；中剂量给药时模型组总胆固醇显著高于正常组；随着给药剂量的增加，2组丙氨酸氨基转移酶均有升高的趋势，且正常组ALT升高的幅度更大；给药前模型组尿素氮高于正常组，低、小剂量给药有降低模型组BUN的趋势。

OBJECTIVE To design and develop a clinical pharmacokinetics and individual drug dosage regimens system CPKDP program for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing individualizing dosage regimens using routine clinical data of plasma levels. METHODS According to the principle of population pharmacokinetics and Bayes" formula, CPKDP program was written with FOXPRO 2.6 and BORLAND C++ 3.1, and was run on 486 microcomputer with UCDOS 5.0. RESULTS CPKDP program was adapted for drugs with different characteristics of pharmacokinetics, and for single dose or multiple dose administration. Using 1 or 2 measured drug concentrations, individual patient"s pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated based on population-average pharm-acokinetic parameters. CONCLUSION CPKDP program is applied for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing drug therapy in individual patients.

目的为利用临床常规监测的血药浓度数据估算病人的个体药动学参数，优化给药方案，设计、研制了临床药动学给药个体化系统CPKDP程序方法依据群体药动学原理及Bayes公式，CPKDP程序用FOXPRO 2.6和BORLAND C++ 3.1开发，在希望汉字系统UCDOS 5.0平台上运行结果CPKDP程序适用于具有不同药动学特征的多种药物，适用于不同给药途径的单剂量或多剂量给药在群体药动学参数的基础上，结合病人个体特征，以1，2个血药浓度作为反馈，即可拟合估算个体药动学参数，优化给药方案结论经初步应用，CPKDP程序是应用Bayes反馈法开展临床个体化给药工作非常实用的工具

Results: For CRF rats which made by fed with feedingstuff contains 0.75% of adenine for 4 weeks, the weight of model control group rats were lighter than that of Yi Shen Granule groups rats. The water wastage of Yi Shen Granule groups rats were less than that of model control group rats. Compared urine volume, the ejectable quantity of Na, K, Cl and proteinuria in 12 hours , the data of Yi Shen Granule groups rats were less than that of model control rats. The specific gravity of Yi Shen Granule groups rats was higher than that of model control rats. The numerical value of RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH in model control group was lower than that in Yi Shen Granule groups. The content of BUN and Cre in serum of model control groups rats were higher than that of Yi Shen Granule groups. The results of excretion test of phenolsulfonphthalein showed that the RPF of Yi Shen Granule groups rats was larger than that of model control group rats.

结果： 益肾颗粒可以使0.75%腺嘌呤饲喂法致大鼠慢性肾衰模型动物体重增长加快；给药后观察，给药组动物饮水量较少，12小时尿量、12小时钠、氯、尿蛋白排泄总量均显著低于模型组动物，尿液比重值较大；模型组动物的RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH等指标的数值较给药组动物的数值小；给药组动物血清中BUN和Cre的含量较低；给药组动物酚红排泄率均高于模型组动物；给药30天，处死各组动物，尸解观察，模型对照组动物肾脏呈灰白色，各给药组动物肾脏表面均出现不同程度的红、白相兼的颗粒状纹理，各组动物肾脏均肿大，切面可见不同程度的腺嘌呤结晶沉积。

Can accelerate the bone marrow cell from G1 phase into S phase when we measure it's Cell cycle, it make S phase rate was increased .thus it promoted DNA synthesize and repaired. Mice irradiated at dose of 5.5 Gy gamma-irradiation showed timed-related decreases and restores in peripheral blood picture at day 1 through day 21, the counts of WBC of these group had taken drug has various degree to increase than irradiation control group in day 1. Grugs failed to protected the peripheral blood cell at lowest point, but seems promote their rescovery.9803 treated group was distinct. At 7days after mice were radiated in 3.5 Gy. we observed drug can Significantly hold back the decreased number of hematopoietic progenitors colony forming radiation induced. These findings indicated 9803 have a certain radioprotective activity against gammer irradiation in mice.

给药组的 CFU-S 数量较照射对照组明显增加，3.5Gy 照后第七天观察给药9803组对小鼠骨髓造血组细胞集落生成能力的影响，给药组的造血祖细胞集落的形成能力强于照射对照组，并且9803组明显优于523组。5.5Gy 照射引起的小鼠的外周血细胞数量的降低以 WBC 发生最早，照后24小时给药组的 WBC 数量均比照射对照组有不同程度的升高，以9803各给药组最为明显，药物未能使照射引起的外周血细胞最低值升高，而有降低的趋势，但给药对照射后期外周血象的总体恢复有较好的促进作用。7.5Gy 照射后第七天测定小鼠骨髓细胞周期的测定中发现9803具有促进骨髓细胞由 G1期进入 S 期的效应，致使 G0/G1期细胞显著减少， S 期细胞比率显著增加，这利于促进 DNA 合成修复，即促进骨髓细胞增殖，骨髓细胞 DNA 含量给药组显著高于照射对照组。

There is no significouldt variation between the function of Method 1 and 3 in the indexes of digestive and absorptive function,except the effect on body weight and food intake;as well,model 2 shows no significouldt influence on the indexes besides body weight lose.1.4 ConclusionsContrast the three modeling methods,model 3 is the most obvious and steady method for the establishment of deficiency of spleen YANG.2 comparison on the efficacy of Lizhong Pills influenced by dried ginger and its different components on digestive and absorptive functions and energy metabolism2.1 ObjectivesThis research was designed to observed the different influences of Lizhong Pills formula on the models,which contains dried ginger or its main group of components(volatile oil and water solubles).It would be explored from two levels of material base,single herb dried ginger or its different components,to confirm that the whole effects of Lizhong Pills do mainly depend on its main herb dried ginger in the formula just as the traditional acknowledgement in TCM.Further more,the connotative meaning of dried ginger used as the main herb in Lizhong Pills egthe aspect of pharmacology and chemistry would be preliminary revealed.2.2 MethodsEach group of model rats of deficiency of spleen-YANG were to be duplicated by method 3 for 14 days,and be treated by corresponding drug samples for 8 days.

造模方法1对消化吸收相关药理指标的改变与造模方法3的影响相似，但对模型动物的体重和食量的影响不明显；造模方法2除能使模型动物的体重减轻外，对其他各指标均无显著影响。1.4结论对比实验采用的三种石膏-知母的给药方法，方法3的造模效果最为显著和稳定，即以每日灌胃给药，连续12天，恢复9天，是本实验证实的最有效的脾阳虚证候模型制备方法。2干姜及其不同有效部位对理中丸消化吸收功能及代谢的影响2.1目的通过对理中丸中君药干姜，以及干姜中挥发性成分和水溶性成分对理中丸主要功效影响的研究，从药味和化学成分群两个层次，证实君药干姜及干姜中的主要活性成分群对理中丸整体功效的决定性影响，以初步揭示理中丸中君药核心地位的药理学和化学内涵。2.2方法采用石膏-知母复合造模法制备大鼠脾阳虚证候模型，造模期为14天1；治疗期间各给药组分别给予治疗药物，连续给药8天。

Achymthes bidentata Blume decoction simultaneously. Blood samples were got at 0, 0.167,0.333,0.5,0.75,1,2,4,6,8 and 12h after administration. Tissue samples were got at 0, 0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,3,4,6,8 and 12h after administration, two rabbits being executed to take cardia, hepar, lung and kidney at every time point in each group.

血药浓度部分在给药前(0)和给药后0.167、0.333、0.5、0.75、1、2、4、6、8、12h采血；组织药物浓度部分在给药前(0)和给药后0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、3、4、6、8、12h对照组和实验组分别每个时间点颈部放血处死两只采取心、肝、肺、肾组织样品。

Results1. Content of arsenic in serum raises with dose adding, time of pouring medicine and time of blood sampling prolonging. Thin layer chromatography indicates that there is toadfish in medicine serum of Liu-Shen-Wan.2. The suppressive rate of medicine serum of Liu-Shen-Wan on HL-60 cell raises with adding of dose and time of pouring medicine and prolonging of blood sampling.3. Gimsa dying assay, in situ end-labeling method and flow cell machine all exhibits: HI-60 cells dealed with Liu-Shen-Wan medicine-serum present typical apoptosis morphology.

结果：1 血清砷含量随着给药剂量、给药天数增加和采血时间的延长而升高；薄层色谱表明六神丸含药血清中有蟾酥成分。2 六神丸含药血清对白血病细胞的抑制率，随给药剂量、天数增加和采血时间的延长而升高3 吉姆萨染色、流式细胞仪检测、原位末端标记检测均证明六神丸含药血清能诱导HL-60白血病细胞凋亡。

A summary of the special way of treatment method in 《Treatise on Febrile and Mircellaneous Diseases》 and 《Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber》 showed that there are eight types of these adiministration ways.Adiministration through tongue, gum, nasal casal cavity, antrum auris,vagina, anus and tavel are described in this paper.

就《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》两书中除了口服给药以外的其它孔窍给药方法进行了全面总结，结果勾勒出舌窍给药、齿龈给药、鼻窍给药、耳窍给药、前阴给药、肛门给药、脐窍给药、毛窍给药等八种特殊孔窍给药途径。

Results Non-specific antibody increased distinguishingly in each groups after drug treatment 30 days, but all tested indexes showed no anychange in 2mg/ group. Glomerular basement membrane became thick in 10mg/ group after drug treatment 90 days, but it showed normal when treatment time was shorten to 30 days. The thickness of glomerular basement membrane was very serious in in 50mg/ group and liquid containing protein was found increasing in glomerular and tubular. The thickness of glomerular basement membrane didn't ameliorate after stopping drug 30 days.

结果 给药后30天各给药组动物血清非特异性抗体明显升高。rhIL-1Ra 2mg/组其他检测指标均未见明显地改变。rhIL-1Ra 10mg/组给药后90天肾小球毛细血管基底膜明显增厚，但此剂量给药时间为30天时未见任何异常。rhIL-1Ra 50mg/组肾小球及肾小管中蛋白性液体量多，小球毛细血管基底膜增厚更为严重，且停药30天后基底膜增厚程度仍未见明显减轻或改善。

The GLDH gene expression showed a continuing reinforcing trend after morphine injection compared with control group, even after drug withdrawal. The ADA mRNA contents in morphine group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and withdrawal group Ⅰ,Ⅱ were 2.65,1.89,1.18, and 0.87-fold of that in control group dividedly. The ADA gene expression increased after morphine injection and fell gradually after withdrawal.

结果：吗啡Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及停药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏GLDH mRNA含量分别为对照组的1.02、1.09、1.16及1.46倍，吗啡给药大鼠肝脏中GLDH基因表达随给药时间延长而持续增强，自然停药一定时间内大鼠肝脏中GLDH mRNA含量仍持续增高；吗啡Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及停药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏ADA mRNA含量分别为对照组的2.65、1.89、1.18及0.87倍，吗啡Ⅰ、Ⅱ组大鼠肝脏ADA的基因表达均比对照组明显增高，自然停药后大鼠肝脏ADA表达逐渐下降，停药7 d时下降至接近对照组水平。

与给药相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

intracutaneous：皮内给药

皮内给药 intracutaneous | 皮上给药 epidermic medication | 舌下给药 sublingual medication

intranasal administration：经鼻给药

经鼻给药(intranasal administration)是一条可以避开血脑屏障阻碍,使药物直接进入中枢的给药途径. 本文对其转运机制、影响因素及其研究进展进行介绍. (共3页)

intraperitoneally：腹(膜)腔内给药

intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔内给药 | intrapleurally 胸(膜)腔内给药 | by the intra-articatar administration 关节内给药

intravenously：静脉内给药

by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌内给药 | intravenously 静脉内给药 | by the intranasal route 鼻内给药

locally：局部给药

by the intranasal route 鼻内给药 | locally 局部给药 | orally 口服给药

orally：口服给药

locally 局部给药 | orally 口服给药 | parenterally 肠道外给药

parenteral administration：注射給藥 非消化道给药(注射给药)

parenteral 注射給藥 胃肠外(给药) | parenteral administration 注射給藥 非消化道给药(注射给药) | Parkinsonism 巴金森氏症

parenterally：肠道外给药

locally 局部给药 orally 口服给药 | parenterally 肠道外给药 | by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔内给药

subcutaneously：皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药

by the intravenous infusion (perfusion) 静脉输注 | subcutaneously 皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药 | submucously 粘膜下给药

dosing interval：给药间隔

给药方案或给药速度 dosage regimen or dose rate | 给药间隔 dosing interval | 工业药剂学 industrial pharmacy