精母细胞

基本解释 (translations)

spermatocyte

与精母细胞相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

To investigate whether the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in normal and cryptorchid testis. Results showed that heat would differentially hurt male germ cells in different developmental stages during spermatogenesis, especially the pachytene primary spermatocytes. Most of spermatogonia in contralateral cryptorchid testis were not harmed fatally by heat as yet, indicating that spermatogonia could resist to beat to a certain extent. In this case spermatogonia could develop to pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes, but they could not acquire the ability to complete the transition from mitosis to meiosis, and then appeared to go through apoptosis. Therefore, we could not find the descendants of meiosis: secondary spermatocytes and round spermatids, elongated spermatids and spermatozoon. The abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes. In normal rabbit testis, cyclin B1 increased in the pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes before meiosis and reached its peak in the spermatids.

为了解精子正常发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1表达的低温依赖性，我们利用原位杂交和免疫组化等方法，研究了正常和隐睾精子发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1的转录和翻译调控活动，结果表明：（1）热对各阶段的雄性生殖细胞都有损害，粗线期的初级精母细胞尤为敏感，实验性隐睾内的精原细胞尚未完全受到"致命"影响，说明精原细胞对热有一定的耐受性，但即使成为粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞，却未能获得由有丝分裂过渡到减数分裂的能力，呈现不同程度的凋亡，所以在整个切片中找不到源自减数分裂的产物----次级精母细胞、圆形精子细胞，更谈不上长形精子细胞和精子的形成；（2）腹腔高温未明显地影响隐睾精原细胞和粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中cyclinB1和cdc2的转录，说明高温并不是通过影响cyclin B1和cdc2的转录活动而导致生精过程阻断的；（3）正常兔睾丸组织中，〓在精原细胞和粗线期／双线期精母细胞中均有表达：cyclin B1蛋白在减数分裂前期的粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞中的表达量增加，于变态末期的精子细胞中达高峰。

According to the change of chromatin and morphology of cells, the spermatogenesis could be divided into five stages: spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte,secondary spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoon.

利用透射电镜观察秀丽白虾的精子发生，并根据染色质及细胞形态的变化将精子发生的全过程划分为五个时期，即精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子。

According to the changes of the structure of chromatin and the morphology of cell, the process of the typical spermatogenesis of Cipangopaludina chinensis can be divided into five stages: spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid and mature sperm.

中国圆田螺典型精子发生时，根据染色质和细胞形态的变化，可将其发生分为以下五个时期：精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和成熟精子。

Results:Expression of elastase mRNA has been found in the endothelial cells,the medial smooth muscle cells and the adventitial fibroblasts of the abdominal aorta,the lymphocytes,monocytes in blood,the tracheal hyaline cartilaginous cells,the glandular cells of the pancreas,the epithelial cells of the parotid gland and submaxillary gland,the hepatoeytes,the endothelial cells of the liver sinusoid wall,the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine,the cardiac myocytes,the renal interstitial fibroblasts,the alveolar epithelial cells,the cerebral glial cells,the fibroblasts of the dermis oorium of the skin,the primary spermaocytes,the secondary spermaocytes and sperm in the seminfferous tubule of the testis,the lymphocytes in the spleen and thymus.

结果正常大鼠腹主动脉的内皮细胞、中膜平滑肌细胞以及血管外膜成纤维细胞，血液细胞中的淋巴细胞、单核细胞，气管透明软骨细胞，胰腺的腺细胞、腮腺、颔下腺上皮细胞，肝细胞、肝窦壁的内皮细胞，小肠黏膜杯状细胞，心肌细胞，肾间质的纤维母细胞，肺泡上皮细胞，大脑胶质细胞，皮肤真皮纤维母细胞，睾丸曲精细管内的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞以及精子，脾脏以及胸腺的淋巴细胞等，均有弹力蛋白酶mRNA的表达。

Results: The results showed that:(1) The three types of NOS immunoreactivity were not found in rat testis until 30 days after birth;(2) NOS1 immunoreactivity was found in a few spermatocytes in rat testes on postnatal 30 days, and in spermatozoa present at the lumen surface of seminiferous tubules and some Leydig cells on postnatal 60 days;(3) NOS2 immunoreactivity appeared in a few spermatocytes, Sertoli cells and peritubular myoid cells on postnatal 30 days. On postnatal 60 days, NOS2 immunoreactivity appeared in some Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells, Sertoli cells, very few spermatocytes and the head of immature spermatozoa in some seminiferous tubules;(4) NOS3 immunoreactivity was detected in a few spermatocytes on postnatal 30 days, as well as in the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels on postnatal 30 days and 60 days.

结果：(1)生后4、7、14 d大鼠睾丸未见3种NOS免疫阳性反应；(2)生后30 d少数精母细胞及生后60 d生精小管腔面精子和间质细胞呈NOS1阳性；(3)生后30 d少数精母细胞、支持细胞和管周类肌细胞呈NOS2阳性，而生后60 d NOS2阳性反应见于睾丸间质细胞、管周类肌细胞、支持细胞、极少数精母细胞和不成熟精子头部；(4)生后30 d睾丸内少数精母细胞和血管壁呈NOS3阳性，生后60 d NOS3阳性反应仅见于血管壁。

The testis index, testis volumes were same as the annual changes of testis mass. The curves of annual variation were all unimodality.2 The spermatogenetic cycle of Myospalax cansus comprises seven stages with significant features: Stage I , from February to April, the testis were at the stage of spermatogonia proliferation. In this period, testis index and the number of spermatogonia began to rise. Other spermatogenic cells had not yet formed; Stage II to III, from March to April, primary spermatocyte meiosis period. The testis index was highest in this stage, and spermatogenic cells were in spermatocyte stage, the primary spermatocyte meiosis generated to secondary spermatocyte; Stage IV, from April to May, spermatocytes continued to split, germ cells appeared in seminiferous tubules; Stage V, in May, sperm formation, spermatids of seminiferous tubules were transformed to spermatozoa, a large number of sperms existed in the lumen; Stage VI, spermatozoa emission period, from May to June, testis index were a significant drop and mature spermatozoa excluded gradually; VII, the testicular activity ceased basically from July to September, November to January of the following year, the spermatogenic activity ceased completely. Therefore, Myospalax cansus are animals of seasonal reproduction, spermatogenesis cycle is discontinuous type.

睾丸系数、体积和重量的年周期变化规律一致，变化曲线呈现单峰型。2甘肃鼢鼠雄性生殖腺的年周期活动由7个特征明显的时期构成：Ⅰ期，2～3月份，精原细胞增殖期，睾丸系数开始上升，精原细胞进行有丝分裂，其他生精细胞尚未形成；3～4月份为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期，初级精母细胞成熟分裂期，睾丸系数达到最大，生精细胞大多处于精母细胞阶段，初级精母细胞减数分裂生成次级精母细胞；Ⅳ期，4～5月份精母细胞继续进行分裂，精细胞在生精小管内出现；Ⅴ期，5月份，精子形成期，曲细精管中精细胞变态成精子，在管腔中存在大量的精子；Ⅵ期，精子排放期，5～6月份，睾丸系数显著下降，成熟精子从生精小管上脱离，逐渐排除；Ⅶ期，精原细胞停滞期，7～9月份睾丸生精活动基本停滞，11～翌年1月，生精活动完全停止。

The apoptosis of 80 mg/kg ﹒ d group was mainly located in spermatogenous cell and first spermatocyte; the apoptosis of 120 mg/kg ﹒ d group was mainly located in spermatogenous cell , first spermatocyte and spermatocyte of the second order; the apoptosis of 240 mg/kg ﹒ d group was mainly located in spermatogenous cell and first spermatocytes, and seemingly, the apoptosis located in first spermatocyte was dominant; whereas the apoptosis of 480 mg/kg ﹒ d group was located in all levels spermatogenic cells.

结果表明：各试验组小鼠生精细胞凋亡指数随着浓度的升高有增加的趋势，而且与对照组差异显著（ P ＜0.05或 P ＜0.01）。80 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞主要定位于精原细胞和初级精母细胞；120 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞主要定位于精原细胞、初级精母细胞和次级精母细胞；240 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞主要定位于精原细胞、初级精母细胞，以初级精母细胞为最多；而480 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞定位于各级生精细胞。

Stage I of both male and female stone flounder appears only once in all its life, and the germ cells are comprised by spermatogonia or oogonia. The gonad from Mar to Aug keeps at stage II. The gonad index of testis at this stage is 0.037%, and the amount of spermatogonia is increased quickly. There is some linear germ plasm in the cytoplasm of spermatogina. In ovary at this stage it is mostly composed by oocyte of phase 2 which the character is the appearance of yolk nucleus, and no zona radiate in membrane. The mean GI of ovary is 1.95%. From Sep to Oct gonad is at stage III which testis is composed by lots of spermatogina and few spermatocytes, and the mean GI of testis at this stage is 0.086%. In ovary the ooctyes at phase 3 are in dominate position, the yolk nucleus disappear. And the GI of this stage is 3.35%. Both testis and ovary are at stage IV in Nov. hi testis the germ cells are in spermiogenesis, and the mean GI is 0.93%. hi ovary the oocytes are mostly at phase 4, which are filled in the cytoplasm with vitellin granule, and the zona radiate in membrane begins to formation. Nucleus moves to one side of the oocyte gradually. The mean GI of ovary at this stage is 9.37%.

在每年的3月-8月期间性腺处于Ⅱ期，此期精巢中精原细胞明显增多，胞质局部可见有线状的生殖质存在，平均成熟系数为0.037％；卵巢中以2时相卵母细胞为主，可见细胞质中出现强嗜碱性的卵黄核，细胞外由一层滤泡细胞包围，但尚无放射带，平均成熟系数为1.95％。9月-10月期间性腺处于Ⅲ期，此期精巢中仍有大量精原细胞，同时可见部分精母细胞，平均成熟系数为0.086％；卵巢中以3时石鲜孟加限加$玩印面n洲匆s性腺发生、分化及发育的周年变化相卵母细胞为主，细胞质中的卵黄核己消失，平均成熟系数为3.35%。11月性腺处于IV期，此期精巢内精细胞正处于不同的形成过程中，平均成熟系数为0.93%；卵巢中以4时相卵母细胞为主，胞质中充满染成桔红色的卵黄颗粒。

Histologically, the seminiferous tubules contained numerous Sertoli cells and more Sertoli-spermatozoa complexes, accompanied by the depletion of Leydig cells with deeply stained nuclei. Mature spermatozoa were stored up in the epididymis, but only a few in the efferent ducts. In the second place was testicular atrophy（32/120; 26.7%）. The seminiferous tubules showed moderate to severe inactivity of spermiogenesis with evidence of only spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells were obviously decreased in numbers associated with decrease of lipid droplets in their cytoplasms. Testicular hypoplasia was the third disorders（22/120; 18.3%）. Only a few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells appeared without any spermiogenesis. The associated changes was decreased in Leydig cells and fibrous hyperplasia in the interstitium.Epididymal stones were sometimes found（12/120; 10%）. Grossly, yellowish-white nodules with various sizes and firm in consistency were observed in the epididymis and the front efferent ducts. Microscopically, the epididymal ducts were dilated with voluminous spermatozoa storage, even showed calcification in severe cases. The deposited calcium salts were stained positively by Von Kossa and Alizarin red methods.Amyloidosis was also detected in 10 roosters（8.3%）. Eosinophilic, homogeneous, amyloid-like substances were deposited mainly in the testicular interstitium and the periphery of blood vessels. These substances showed positive reaction by Congo red staining. Five roosters（4.2%）had Marek's lesions in the testis, epididymis and peripheral nerves with infiltration of pleomorphic lymphocytes. Only one case showed epithelial necrosis of seminiferous tubules accompanied by fibrous proliferation in the interstitium.

结果发现，在总共搜集的120个病例中，其中因年老所导致的产精力不佳为最多，占38例（31.7%），於镜下可见大量精虫黏附於Sertoli cell的表面，并可见Sertoli cell数量明显增多而Leydig cell明显减少，且其细胞核呈现浓染的现象，而在其副睪中仍可见到成熟精虫蓄留於管腔中，但在其输精管内却只有少量精虫存在；其次为睪丸萎缩，占32例（26.7%），镜下可见中度至重度无造精作用，其生精小管中只见到精母细胞、精原细胞及Sertoli cell存在，但Leydig cell数量明显减少且其细胞质内的脂质也明显减少；睪丸发育不全，占22例（18.3%），於生精小管内只见到精母细胞及少量Sertoli cell存在，不见造精细胞分化，於生精小管间质可见Leydig cell减少并伴随结缔组织增生；副睪结石，占12例（10%），肉眼下可在副睪及输精管前段见到黄白色大小不一的结节，触感坚硬，於镜下可见副睪管扩张并有大量成熟精虫蓄积，严重时可见钙化现象，以Von Kossa及茜素红染色均呈阳性反应；类淀粉沉著症，占10例（8.3%），镜下在睪丸间质及血管周围可见粉红均质样的物质沉积，以刚果红染色成阳性反应；马立克病，占5例（4.2%），镜下可在睪丸、副睪实质及周边神经内均可见到嗜碱性大小不一的淋巴样细胞浸润；睪丸坏死，占1例（0.8%），镜下可见生精小管上皮细胞坏死脱落及间质结缔组织增生。

Cell-cycle synchronization between the donor cell and recipient oocyte determines the embryo development in nuclear transfer. In the present study, we microinjected primary spermatocyte into the perivetelline space of oocyte. 37% pairs fused after electric stimuli and the resulting oocytes were culture for 2 h in MEM with or without CB.

在本研究中，我们将小鼠的初级精母细胞显微注入MI卵母细胞的透明带下，经直流电脉冲作用后有37％的初级精母细胞融入卵母细胞，然后将融合的卵母细胞分成两组在MEM和含有CB的MEM培养液中分别培养，2小时后将在CB培养液中培养的卵母细胞转入正常培养液中。

与精母细胞相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

sperm mother cell：精母细胞

sperm lysin 卵膜溶素 | sperm mother cell 精母细胞 | sperm nucleus 精核

spermatocytic seminoma：睾丸精母细胞瘤

睾丸母细胞瘤 orchioblastoma | 睾丸精母细胞瘤 spermatocytic seminoma | 睾丸功能性肿瘤 functional tumors of testis

sperm mother cell;spermatocyte：精母细胞

产卵 Spadix | 精母细胞 Sperm mother cell,Spermatocyte | 精核 Sperm -nucleus

spermatocyte：精母细胞

精母细胞(spermatocyte) 在精原细胞有丝分裂增殖过程中产生的某些能最终分化成成熟精子的细胞,分为初级精母细胞和次级精母细胞. 初级精母细胞是有丝分裂产生的并能进入减数分裂的细胞. 第一次减数分裂将初级精母细胞转化成次级精母细胞,

primary spermatocyte：初级精母细胞

(2)初级精母细胞(primary spermatocyte)这类细胞的体积比精原细胞大. 细胞核的DNA经过复制后,细胞进行第一次成熟分裂,分裂后的细胞染色体的数目减少一半,所形成的两个次级精母细胞,一个含有22条常染色体和一条X染色体,另一个含有22条常染色体和一条Y染色体.

primary spermatocyte：初级精母细胞 第十三章

primary somatosensory cortex 初级感觉皮层 第十一章 | primary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞 第十三章 | principal cell 主细胞 第九章

secondary spermatocyte：次级精母细胞

(3)次级精母细胞:次级精母细胞(secondary spermatocyte)位置靠近管腔,直径约12μm,核圆形,染色较深,染色体核型为23,X或23,Y(2n,DNA). 每条染色体由2条染色单体组成,通过着丝粒相连. 次级精母胞不进行DNA复制,即进入第二次成熟分裂,染色体的着丝粒分开,

secondary spermatocyte：次级精母细胞 第十三章

secondary sexual characteristics 第二性征 第十三章 | secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞 第十三章 | secretin 胰泌素 第六章

first spermatocyte：初级精母细胞

规定种的第一法则 first species rule | 初级精母细胞 first spermatocyte | 第一分裂末期 first telophase

prespermatid; secondary spermatocyte：前精细胞;次级精母细胞

食物保存 preservation of food | 前精细胞;次级精母细胞 prespermatid; secondary spermatocyte | 加血压的;加压的 pressor