硬膜

基本解释 (translations)

putamen  ·  scleromeninx

与硬膜相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The notable proliferation was not observed by eyes in the local of injection. The infiltration of inflammation cells and mild proliferation of fibrocyte around dura mater was observed by HE stained in 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Infiltration and exudation of inflammation cells was observed by HE stained in epidural nerve root. Compared with group A, no changes of group B, C and D were observed under specific stained. Proliferation of type Ⅱ collagen fibers around dura mater was seen under immunohistochemical stained in 4 and 8 weeks after injection. There is no significant demyelination changes under LFB stained. The thickness and shape of the myelin sheath in epidural nerve root was not regular under transmission electronic microscopy in 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Fibroblast was also seen there. In nerve endometrium, macrophage could be seen under TEM, myelinated nerve fiber changed significantly, but nonmyelinated nerve fiber changed mildly. When 8 weeks, the changes of group D is smaller than the group B and C.

给药局部肉眼观察未见明显的纤维组织增生；HE染色可见B、C、D三组给药后四周及八周时硬膜内外均有炎细胞浸润，纤维细胞轻度增生，硬膜外神经根内有炎细胞浸润及炎性渗出；特殊染色B、C、D三组同A组相比未见有脊髓及神经根的改变；免疫组化染色，给药后四周及八周时，硬膜内外均有Ⅱ型胶原纤维增生；固兰染色B、C、D三组未见有明显脱髓鞘改变，与A组相比无明显异常改变；电镜观察B、C、D三组在给药后的四周及八周时，表现为硬膜外神经根内髓鞘厚薄不一，形状不规则，可见成纤维细胞，神经内膜中可见有巨噬细胞；粗大的有髓神经纤维变化明显，无髓神经纤维受累较轻；八周时电镜下D组改变较B、C两组为轻。

objective to investigate the paregoric effects of butorphanol when the errhysis occurs inside the epidural catheter during continuous epidural anesthesia.methods 60 cases of kidney stones received elective surgery.during this surgery they underwent continuous epidural anesthesia and eight cases of them showed the errhysis in the epidural catheter.then epidural injection of butorphanol was given for analgesia and hr,map,spo2 as well as muscle relaxation conditions were monitored before and 5,10,20 min after injection.the conscious and breathing of patients were also monitored.results before and 5,10,20 min after injection of butorphanol,hr and map difference were not statistically significant.the analgesic results were satisfactory.conclusion butorphanol has a definite analgesic effect when the errhysis occurs in epidural catheter during continuous epidural anesthesia.

目的 探讨在连续硬膜外麻醉中，硬膜外导管内渗血时，应用布托啡诺镇痛的效果。方法择期行肾结石手术患者60例，行连续硬膜外麻醉，其中8例硬膜外导管内渗血，均经硬膜外腔注入布托啡诺镇痛，分别监测注入前及注入后5 、10 、20 min，hr、map、spo2及肌肉松驰情况，同时监测患者神志及呼吸情况。结果注射布托啡诺前及注射后5、10、20 min，hr、map差异无统计学意义，镇痛效果满意。结论在连续硬膜外麻醉中硬膜外导管渗血时，注入布托啡诺维持麻醉镇痛效果明确。

Results The anesthesia range was narrowed and anesthesia duration was shortened with the prolongation of epidural catheter placement,Epidural roentgenography showed that the medium diffused normally within epidural space,biopsy of epidural tissues showed that there were inflammative cells infiltration and fiber proliferation with longer epidural catheter placement（more than 4 weeks）,without significant differences between both groups.

结果 随着硬膜外腔置管时间延长，麻醉阻滞范围变窄，麻醉阻滞时间也明显缩短，两组之间没有明显区别；硬膜外腔造影显示：造影剂在硬膜外腔扩散良好，无明显受阻；组织学检查显示：置管时间长(4周以上)的动物，硬膜外组织炎细胞浸润、纤维组织增生、硬膜增厚，而且随置管时间延长，变化加显著，但两组之间没有明显区别。

Results The anesthesia range was narrowed and anesthesia duration was shortened with the prolongation of epidural catheter placement,Epidural roentgenography showed that the medium diffused normally within epidural space,biopsy of epidural tissues showed that there were inflammative cells infiltration and fiber proliferation with longer epidural catheter placement（more than 4 weeks）,without significant differences between both groups.Conclusion Epidural corticosteroids can not prevent epidural adhesion from occurrance induced with long-term epidural catheter placement.

结果 随着硬膜外腔置管时间延长，麻醉阻滞范围变窄，麻醉阻滞时间也明显缩短，两组之间没有明显区别；硬膜外腔造影显示：造影剂在硬膜外腔扩散良好，无明显受阻；组织学检查显示：置管时间长(4周以上)的动物，硬膜外组织炎细胞浸润、纤维组织增生、硬膜增厚，而且随置管时间延长，这"种变化更"加显著，但两组之间没有明显区别。

ResultsOne of 18 cases with drill drainage got cured in hospital, others were uncured when leaving hospital.

18例钻孔引流患者中有1例的硬膜下积液在住院期间治愈，其余盎者硬膜下积液出院时未见减少，其中15例1～6个月随访积液好转或自愈，2例演变为慢性硬膜下血肿；另24例行保守治疗的患者，其中21例1～6个月随访积液好转或自愈，1例演变为慢性硬膜下血肿，2例积液扩大有颅高压表现者行开颅剥除包膜并打通外侧裂池，术后6个月后随访痊愈。

Full-term pregnancy of primipara 120 cases of illness; Stochastic double divides into three groups: research of group-A group and B group. control group of C group, A group (n=40), 0.75% levobupivacaine 10mg for CSEA, B group (n=40), 3% chloroprocaine the hard membrane pericoel hinders, C group: 0.75% bupivacaine for under the arachnoidea the cavity hinders the anaesthesia, In surgery process, to A and B groups, 2% lidocaine were intermittently injected respective-ly by epidural cathete, effec not enough of anesthesia.

足月初产妇120例随机双盲分成三组：研究组为A组和B组，对照组为c组。A组(n=40)蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉用药为0.75%左旋布比卡因10mg，使用腰麻硬膜外联合阻滞行剖宫产术，B组(n=40)以3％氯普鲁卡因为硬膜外麻醉的局麻药，使用硬膜外麻醉阻滞行剖宫产术，c组(n=40)腰麻用药为0.75%布比卡因10mg，使用腰麻硬膜外联合阻滞行剖宫产术。

In this prospective study involving 125 patients, we analyzed epidural analgesia failure after major abdominal surgery using computed tomography epidurographies to compare the incidence of dislodgement of epidural catheters and leakage of solution from the epidural space between two groups of patients: patients with successful or failed epidural analgesia.

此项前瞻性研究共包括125例患者，我们通过硬膜外造影计算机体层摄影术对大型腹部外科手术术后硬膜外镇痛失败进行分析，比较两组患者即硬膜外镇痛成组和失败组的硬膜外导管移出和液体漏出硬膜外腔的发生率。

Results The anesthesia range was narrowed and anesthesia duration was shortened with the prolongation of epidural catheter placement,Epidural roentgenography showed that the medium diffused normally within epidural space,biopsy of epidural tissues showed that there were inflammative cells infiltration and fiber proliferation with longer epidural catheter placement（more than 4 weeks）,without significant differences between both groups.Conclusion Epidural corticosteroids can not prevent epidural adhesion from occurrance induced with long-term epidural catheter placement.

结果 随着硬膜外腔置管时间延长，麻醉阻滞范围变窄，麻醉阻滞时间也明显缩短，两组之间没有明显区别；硬膜外腔造影显示：造影剂在硬膜外腔扩散良好，无明显受阻；组织学检查显示：置管时间长(4周以上)的动物，硬膜外组织炎细胞浸润、纤维组织增生、硬膜增厚，而且随置管时间延长，这&种变化更&加显著，但两组之间没有明显区别。

Results 5 cases of ependymocytoma, 3 cases of astrocytoma, 1 medulloblastoma hemangioblastoma in 10 cases of intra-medullary tumor; 36 cases of neurogenic tumor, 11 cases of spinal meningioma in 47 cases of subdural extramedullary tumor; 2 cases of neurogenic tumor strided over scleromeninx;2 cases of extradural metastatic tumor, 1 cestodiasis, 2 cases of epidural hematoma, which were mistaken for hemangioma before surgical operation and 1 vascular malformation in 4 cases of intraspinal nontumorous occupying lesion.

结果：10例髓内肿瘤中，室管膜瘤5例；星形细胞瘤3例；血管母细胞瘤1例；成神经管细胞瘤1例。47例脊髓外硬膜下肿瘤中，神经源性肿瘤36例；脊膜瘤11例。2例跨硬膜内外生长的神经源性肿瘤2例。硬膜外的转移瘤2例。4例椎管内非肿瘤性占位性病变中，椎管内绦虫病1例；硬膜外血肿2例，术前误为血管瘤；血管畸形1例。

Results The main injury characteristics of HDI were as follows: scalp contusion,cranial fracture,epidural hematoma,subdural hematoma and cerebral contusion at impact position;subdural hematoma,basal fracture and cerebral contusion at contrecoup site;skull fracture mainly at impact position,subdural hematoma mainly at contrecoup site,subarachnoid hemorrhage mainly at the base of brain and cerebral contusion regions;severe contrecoup injury at frontal and temporal lobe.

结果 颅脑减速伤损伤的主要特点为：撞击部位头皮损伤、颅盖骨折、硬膜外血肿、硬膜下血肿和脑挫裂伤，对冲部位硬膜下血肿、颅底骨折和脑挫裂伤；颅骨骨折以撞击部位多见，硬膜下血肿以对冲部位多见，蛛网膜下腔出血主要位于脑底部及脑挫裂伤区；额、颞叶严重对冲伤是常见颅脑减速伤的重要特征。

与硬膜相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

epidural canula：硬膜外套管

epidiascope ***射幻灯机 | epidural canula 硬膜外套管 | epidural needle 硬膜外针

dura mater cerebral：脑硬膜

\\"硬膜\\",\\"dura mater\\" | \\"脑硬膜\\",\\"dura mater cerebral\\" | \\"脊髓硬膜\\",\\"dura mater spinal\\"

dura mater spinal：脊髓硬膜

\\"脑硬膜\\",\\"dura mater cerebral\\" | \\"脊髓硬膜\\",\\"dura mater spinal\\" | \\"持久性\\",\\"durability\\"

extradural abscess：硬膜外脓肿

extrados springing line 拱外弧起拱线 | extradural abscess 硬膜外脓肿 | extradural hemorrhage 硬膜外出血

Hard-faced probe：硬膜探头 硬面探头

Hard X-rays 硬X射线 | Hard-faced probe 硬膜探头 硬面探头 | Harmonic analysis 谐波分析

dpidural hematoma：硬膜外血肿

硬膜下血肿 subdural hematoma | 硬膜外血肿 dpidural hematoma | 硬脑膜外热血肿 extradural heat hematoma

subdural space：硬膜下隙

硬膜与蛛网膜之间有一狭窄的间隙,称硬膜下隙(subdural space),内含少量液体. 蛛网膜是由薄层纤细的结缔组织构成,它与软膜之间有较宽大的腔隙称蛛网膜下隙(subarachnoid space). 蛛网膜的结缔组织纤维形成许多小梁与软膜相连,

epidural needle：硬膜外针

epidural canula 硬膜外套管 | epidural needle 硬膜外针 | epidurography 硬膜外腔造影术

epidural space：硬膜外隙

1.硬膜(dura mater)包在脑和脊髓的最外面,厚而坚韧,由致密结统组织组成,在脊髓硬膜与椎骨之间为硬膜外隙(epidural space),内含疏松结统组织和脂肪组织,有充填及缓冲作用.

sinuses：硬膜外隙、大脑镰、小脑幕、硬脑膜静脉窦

(一)硬脑膜 cerebral dura mater | 硬膜外隙、大脑镰、小脑幕、硬脑膜静脉窦sinuses | (二)脑蛛网膜 cerebral arachnoid mater