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"Natural science research\",\"自然科学研究\",\Includes mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, agronomics, medicine, geology and astronomy research activities.

"，\"包括数学，物理，化学，生物学，农学，医学，地学，天文学等自然科学的研究活动\

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

Then it summarizes the literatures under the structure. The content includes:(1) the regulation issues in the process of information disclosure, including the explanations of information disclosure control, research of the accounting systems, the mechanism of regulation and legal responsibility;(2) supply of information disclosure, composing accounting policy research and unconstraint disclosure research;(3) research of information intermediaries, including auditors and financial analysts;(4) research on the results of information disclosure, mainly on the reaction of constraint and unconstraint information disclosure.

然后，按照此框架，对信息披露的研究文献进行综述，包括：①信息披露中的监管问题，包括信息披露管制解释、会计制度选择研究、监管体系及法律责任研究；②信息披露的供给问题，包括会计政策选择研究、自愿性披露研究等；⑧信息中介的研究，包括审计师、财务分析师等信息中介研究；④信息披露后果研究，包括强制披露的市场反应研究和自愿性披露的市场反应研究。

By and large, research projects undertaken by the Group fall into three categories. The first is geotechnical properties and prevention of geological hazards, with the stress on researches on dynamic properties of marine soil, coast-beach erosion and seabed failure, sediment reformation by benthonic fauna, failure of submarine pipelines, environmental geotechnical techniques, etc. The second is research on pollution and treatment of water and soil, with the stress on researches on ecological effects of exploitation activities in the marine environment, treatment of beach sediment pollution, treatment techniques of sea organism pollution, groundwater PRB treatment technique development, etc. The third is exploration of underground environment and geophysical data processing techniques, with the stress on devising equipment for detecting underground pollution and geological hazards, environmental GIS (Geographical Information System) and related analysis software, etc.

学术团队开展的研究课题大体上分三类：第一类课题是岩土体性质与灾害防治，侧重于海洋土动力特征研究，岸滩侵蚀与海床破坏研究，海洋底栖生物对沉积物改造研究，海底管线失稳研究，环境岩土工程技术研究等；第二类课题是水土污染过程与治理研究，侧重于海洋开发活动的生态环境效应研究，海滩沉积物污染治理研究，海水生物污染治理技术研究，地下水PRB治理技术开发等；第三类课题是地下环境探测技术与软件开发研究，侧重于地下环境污染与灾害探测设备的研制，环境地理信息系统，专业性应用软件的开发等。

In the background, some changes happened in the psychological research about which from the abstract research to the realistic, from the static research to the developmentary, from the close research to the opening, from the isolated research to the whole.

与此相应，当代心理学研究也有了新的发展：从&主体心理学&转变为&存在心理学&；从&独白的心理学&转变为&对话的心理学&；从&本质论的心理学&转变为&建构论的心理学&。心理学研究从抽象研究转变为现实研究；变静止研究为动态研究；变封闭研究为开放研究；变单向度研究为整体研究。

The first part is the introduction, which generally introduces the research purpose and significance of this thesis, the summary of the financial pre-warning researches both home and abroad, and the research main contexts and research methods; The second part is the comparison on the financial pre-warning methods existent, which compares the different methods by categories, makes a further analysis on the limits of existent methods, and proposes the improve thoughts of this research based on that; The third part is the basic theory, which makes a summary of the referent theories exerted on the research, and exposit the comparing mechanism of the grey prediction theory and the artificial neural network method concise; The fourth part is the frame work of the model, which illuminates the research designs step by step, such as the definition of the financial crisis, the method of sample select, the select and definition of the pre-warning variables, and makes an exposition of the establishment procedures of the whole models at last; The fifth part is the financial pre-warning based on the theory of grey prediction and artificial neural network, which mainly demonstrate the model establishment in the concrete, dividing into four part to carry out the part of pragmatic research integrally, building of indexes system, establishment of BP neural networks, dynamic financial pre-warning and test, analysis on the pre-warning result; The sixth part is conclusion, which sums up the main results of the whole research, clarifies the innovative points, and makes a discussion on the limits and future study directions of the research in this thesis.

其中，第一部分为导论，总括性概述本文的研究目的与意义，国内外研究综述，以及本文的研究内容和方法；第二部分为现有财务预警研究方法剖析，通过对现有预警方法进行分类比较，进一步分析现有预警方法的局限性，并在此基础上提出本文研究的改进思路；第三部分基本理论，对本文研究中运用的相关理论进行扼要概述，并简要阐述灰色预测理论与人工神经方法的融合机理；第四部分为模型研究框架，逐步阐释模型对财务困境的界定，样本数据的选取方法，预警变量的选取与定义等各个部分的研究设计，并对整体模型的构建步骤进行简要阐述；第五部分为基于灰色神经网络模型的财务预警，主要论述动态预警模型的具体实现过程，分模型指标体系的建立，BP神经网络的建立，动态财务预警与检验，以及预警结果分析四个部分全面阐述本文实证分析过程；第六部分为结论，总结本文研究得到的主要研究结论，以及本文研究中的创新之处，并对论文的不足与后续发展研究进行探讨。

There are 7 chapters in this article.The first chapter generalize the whole article.The second chapter summarize the former research on government management in food safety and evaluation of government achievements.The third chapter introduce the theoretical design of this article. The fourth chapter review the situation of government management,including our country and Zhejiang province.The fifth chapter use the evaluation system of government achievements to evaluate the government achievements of Zhejiang province.The sixth chapter use every county"s pollution-free food date and relative data to research the effective factors on productionalt achievements of organic food. In the last chapter, we get conclusion of the government achievements" evaluation of Zhejiang province and the effective factors of productional achievements in organic foods development.Then we made correlative suggestions on the basis of the research result.

全文包括7章，第1章是导言，包括研究背景、研究目的和主要内容、研究方法和数据来源、研究创新和不足等：第2章综述了前人关于农产品质量安全政府监管和政府监管绩效评估的相关研究；第3章是研究的理论设计，提出了论文的研究思路，建立了农产品质量安全政府监管绩效评估的理论体系和安全农产品生产绩效影响因素的理论模型；第4章是对农产品质量安全政府监管状况的回顾，包括我国农产品质量安全政府监管的主要政策和实施，以及浙江省农产品质量安全政府监管政策和行动两方面；第5章是从农产品质量安全政府监管体系建设、安全农产品生产发展和农产品质量安全状况的监测结果这三个方面对浙江省农产品质量安全省级政府监管绩效进行评估，得出政府监管绩效评估的结果：第6章是对浙江省县级安全农产品生产绩效影响因素的研究，先对县级安全农产品生产绩效进行描述性分析，然后对安全农产品生产绩效影响因素进行实证研究；第7章通过对前文的总结，得出浙江省农产品质量安全政府监管绩效评估结果和安全农产品生产绩效及其影响因素的结论，并在全文研究的基础上，提出政策建议。

This essay analyzes the actuality of investigation in China Mass-economics and points out shortages of present investigation in the area: two falls and two disjoints , namely the fall between qualitative investigation and quantitative investigation, the fall between macroscopic investigation and microcosmic investigation, the disjoint between theory and practice, the disjoint between economical theory and communication theory; the causations of the deficiency are: from subjective view neglecting the localization of overseas achievement in Mass-economics and the investigation of ontology.

内容提要：本文对五本期刊1990年以来有关传媒经济的研究文章进行了整理和考察，分析了我国传媒经济学研究的现状，指出了当前传媒经济研究的不足之处：&两个落差、两个脱节&，即定性研究与定量研究的落差、宏观研究与微观研究的落差、理论与实践的脱节、经济学理论与传播学理论的脱节；造成不足的原因是：主观上忽视了国外传媒经济研究成果的本土化、忽视了传媒经济学的本体论研究，客观上存在着体制因素的制约、人文科学研究习惯的制约以及研究者自身素质的制约；本文对今后传媒经济学的研究提出了建议：建立传媒经济学研究的科学构架、建立适合本学科特点的研究方法、充分吸收经济学的理论成果等。

Morava,1983;研究古GreekThe discourse function of the participle in ancient Greek,by B. Fox

位的不同层次对老师－学生、医生－病人、店员－顾客的谈话做了很多研究。

与研究...相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Action research：行动研究

关键词:行动; 研究; ���动研究; ���究者; 行动者 前言 "行动研究"(action research)是一种社会科学领域中的研究方法,七十年代应用于教育领域的研究之中并取得令人瞩目的成绩.

archival research：档案研究

但狭义的实证会计研究 (survey research)多指档案研究 (archival research),主要涉及关于财务会计的研究,��有一些关于审计的研究. ���一个相关的概念(positive accounting research)只是档案研究 (archival research)的一个分支,研究范围比实证会计

Biblical Studies：圣经研究

但一直到十六世纪,研究>;的方法才趋向科学化,而这几百年的学术研究历史已经为圣经研究(Biblical Studies)这门学科建立了一个有规范性和严谨的研究学统,亦对每位从事这门研究的学人有一定的要求.

Cohort study：群组研究

队列研究(��译为定群研究、群组研究)(cohort study)就是这样研究病因的一种流行病学方法. 研究对象是加入研究时未患所研究疾病的一群人,根据是否暴露于所研究的病因(或保护因子)或暴露程度而划分为不同组别,

ethnographic research：民族志研究

2、民族志研究(Ethnographic Research)的特点3、民族志研究(Ethnographic Research)在市场研究中的应用4、民族志研究(Ethnographic Research)的实施流程基于上述的研究目的,我们选择了民族志方法(Ethnographic Research)进行研究,

micromotion study：微动作研究,细微动作研究,分解动作研究

micromorphological analysis 微形态分析 | micromotion study 微动作研究,��微动作研究,��解动作研究 | micromotion unit 微动装置

David Morley：的研究方向:新媒介,媒介与文化理论,英国文化研究,批判性话语,电视受众

Rachel Moore的研究方向:早期电影历史和理论 | David Morley的研究方向:新媒介,媒介与文化理论,英国文化研究,��判性话语,电视受众 | Angela Phillips的研究方向是:新闻学

prospective study：前瞻性研究

临床科研设计方案较多,根据研究过程的时间顺序可分为回顾性研究(Retrospective study)和前瞻性研究(Prospective Study). 从现在调查以前发生的情况称为回顾性研究,��从现在随访到将来某一点下结论的研究为前瞻性研究. ���临床科研设计中,

Qualitative Research：质的研究

20世纪70年代以后,随着"课程理解范式"的兴起,"量的研究"渐次为"质的研究"(qualitative research)所取代. 据美国著名课程理论专家格鲁梅特考察,"量的研究"在当今的课程研究领域已相当少见. 1988年6月,在斯但福大学举行了关于"质的研究"现状的研讨会,

retrospective study：回顾性研究

在医疗卫生领域,观察性研究通常可分为横断面研究(cross-sectional study)、回顾性研究(retrospective study)和前瞻性研究(prospective study). 常见的回顾性研究方法有病例对照研究(case control study),常见的前瞻性研究方法有队列研究(cohort study),