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The members of the same genus and family were grouped together. The polyogenetic relationships of 8 families were Pyrgomorphidae →Chrotogonidae→Pamphagidae→Oedipodidae→Acrididae→Arcypteridae→Gomphoceridae→Cantantopidae.Pygomorphidae had closer relationships with Chrotogonidae as well as being the most ancestral group. Arcypteridae and Gomphoceridae were the sister groups and had closer relationships with most evolutionary Catantopidae. Tridactylidae was divided firstly as a suborder,which differs from the recent taxonomy distinctly. Haglidae and Gryllidae were grouped into suborder Ensifera, Tetrigidae and 8 families of Acridoidea were grouped into suborder Caelifera, as same as recent taxonomy.
分子系统树表明:科内的属和属内的种均优先聚在一起;蝗总科8科的起源关系为:锥头蝗科→瘤锥蝗科→癞蝗科→斑翅蝗科→剑角蝗科→网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科→斑腿蝗科;锥头蝗科与瘤锥蝗科关系较近,是蝗总科内最原始的类群;槌角蝗科和网翅蝗科互为姐妹群,与最进化的斑腿蝗科关系较近;蚤蝼科为独立的一支,最先分出,似为一个亚目,与现用的分类系统有明显差别;哈螽科和蟋蟀科聚在一起为剑瓣亚目,蚱科和蝗总科的8科组成短瓣亚目,同现用的分类系统。
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brachycephaly:短头(畸形)
\\"短头蟾科\\",\\"BRACHYCEPHALIDAE\\" | \\"短头(畸形)\\",\\"brachycephaly\\" | \\"短角亚目\\",\\"Brachycera\\"
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Brachycera:短角亚目
(2)短角亚目(Brachycera)体较粗壮,触角短,具芒状;幼虫头部多退化,不明显. 包括家蝇、麻蝇、牛虹,食蚜蝇、寄生蝇、果蝇及食虫虻等. 16.蚤目(Siphonaptera)刺吸式口器,体小侧扁,无翅,善跳跃,完全变态. 系人体及动物的体外寄生虫,常传播疾病,如各种跳蚤
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Brachycera:亚目: 短角亚目
目: 双翅目 Muscomorpha | 亚目: 短角亚目 Brachycera | 下目: 家蝇下目 Muscomorpha
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brachycerous:短角的;短触角的
\\"短角亚目\\",\\"Brachycera\\" | \\"短角的;短触角的\\",\\"brachycerous\\" | \\"小茧蜂科\\",\\"BRACHYCONIDAE\\"
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Ceratopsia:角龙亚目
鹦鹉嘴龙化石(Psittacosaurus)是鸟臀目(Ornithischia)中角龙亚目(Ceratopsia)的小型恐龙,两足行走,头短宽而高,吻弯曲似鹦鹉的喙,故而得名. 颧骨高向外伸,牙三叶状,牙冠低,颈短. 这种小恐龙在我国分布较广,时代为晚侏罗世-早白垩世.
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GYMNOCERATA:顯角亞目
陆生蝽类 陆地生活,触角长于头,外露,自背面可见,称显角亚目(Gymnocerata),种类多,多危害农作物. 黾蝽科(Gerridae),体细长,前足短,中后足等长. 跗节有特殊腺体,分泌油类物质,可增加嫌水性,故可在水面滑行,捕食其他虫类.