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Imaging studies showed that the positive rate of the ultrasound was 73.33%,the CT was 60.00%,the MRI was 75.00%,and the 99mTc-MIBI was 100.00%.All the patients were underwent parathyroidectomy of front neck incision, and were identified with parathyroid adenoma in 16 cases, hyperplasia in 1case and carcinoma in 2 cases. Follow-up was done from 10 months to 6 years after surgery.
影像学检查的阳性率：B超为73.33％，CT为60.00％，MRI为75.00％，99mTc-MIBI为100.00％。19例患者均经颈前弧形切口行甲状旁腺切除术，16例为甲状旁腺腺瘤；2例为甲状旁腺腺瘤伴灶性癌变；1例为甲状旁腺增生。
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The Ca level was also significantly decreased after the operations but it only had statistic significances in group Ⅰ. Conclusion Both subtotal parathyroidectomy and total parathyroidectomy with parathyroid tissue transplantation in the forearm have therapeutic effects for renal secondary hyperparathyroidism and the effects had no significant differences in the short term.
对内科治疗无效的肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者，甲状旁腺次全切除术及甲状旁腺全切＋前臂移植术都是有效的治疗方法，且两种手术方式在术后短期内（术后1天及6个月）的治疗效果无统计学差异。
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In our research,Wistar rats and SD rats which were parathyroidectomized were used as donors and recepients respectively.The parathyroid gland of the Wistar rat were allografted into the cerebroventricle and other different sites of the brains in SD rat s tereotaxically. Using methods of testing serum Ca~(2+) concentration,histological examination,histochemical and immunocytochemical methods and electron microscopic observation,we investigated the survival of the grafting tissue,its revascularization, infiltrating of monocytes, changes of microglia and astrocytes, the relationship of the CNS with the immune system, and the mechanism of rejection were investigated.The results as following: I .Effects on PTG after allografting into cerebroventricle and cerebral parenchyma of the brain: Testing serum Ca~(2+) conc.
本研究以Wistar大鼠作为供体，切除甲状旁腺的SD大鼠作为受体，在立体定位下将同种异体的PTG移植到大脑的不同部位，设计了侧脑室-内分泌系统移植的代替途径，比较了侧脑室内移植和脑实质内移植的异同，通过测定血清Ca~(2+)的浓度、组织学检查、组织化学和免疫细胞化学以及电镜观察对移植后PTG组织的存活、血管的再生、单核细胞的浸润、CNS内胶质细胞的变化、对免疫系统的影响及免疫排斥的机制进行了研究，结果如下：一、同种异体PTG侧脑室内移植与脑实质内移植的比较：血清Ca~(2+)的检查发现，PTG侧脑室内移植后第7天，血清Ca~(2+)的浓度恢复到8mg％以上，一直持续到移植后第8-12周；移植后第12周仍有60％移植PTG的动物血清Ca~(2+)维持在正常水平。
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Objective: To discuss preventive methods for complications after thyroidectomy, especially how to preserve recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland.
目的：探讨甲状腺手术术后并发症的预防方法，著重讨论喉返神经及甲状旁腺的防护。
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As a result, the cells of the parathyroid gland could not respond to stimuli that would cause them to secrete parathyroid hormone, leading to the condition of pseudohypoparathyroidism.
其结果是，能使正常甲状旁腺细胞分泌甲状旁腺激素的刺激，却不能使携带Gα亚基突变的甲状旁腺细胞作出应答反应，因而导致假性甲状旁腺功能减退症状。
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Also, cinacalcet, a new medication that stimulates the calcium sensing receptor in the parathyroid gland and causes negative feedback on PTH production and release, can be used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism.
另外4，这些新的维生素D类似物的事业少血清钙，磷浓度升高。5此外，cinacalcet，一个新的刺激的药物检测中的钙甲状旁腺受体，造成对生产和释放甲状旁腺负反馈，可用于治疗继发甲状旁腺功能亢进。
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Hypocalcemia stimulates the parathyroid gland to excrete PTH, a process termed secondary hyperparathyroidism.
低血钙刺激甲状旁腺分泌甲状旁腺素的，这个过程被称为继发甲状旁腺功能亢进。
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Progressive swelling of the parathyroid gland in chronic uremic patients under long term hemodialysis might be the destiny result.c
慢性肾衰时伴有持续性甲状旁腺增生，B型超声能够确切地观察测定甲状旁腺的病变，是一种准确简便的诊断及动态观察继发性甲旁亢的新手段。
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Results 35 cases of hyperparathyroidism were proved, including 31 adenomas （ ectopic 1 ）, 3 hyperplasia and 1 carcinoma.
结果确诊的35例甲旁亢患者，其中甲状旁腺腺瘤31例（异位1例）、甲状旁腺增生3例与甲状旁腺腺癌1例。
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Parathyroid hyperplasia is the second most common form of primary hyperparathyroidism, with parathyroid carcinoma the least common form.
甲状旁腺增生是原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症第二常见的症状，而甲状旁腺癌最少见。
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Chambertin：香贝坦红葡萄酒(勃艮第酒的一种)
jelly juice 果冻用汁 | Chambertin 香贝坦红葡萄酒(勃艮第酒的一种) | dysparathyroidism .甲状旁腺机能障碍
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Hypocalcemia,Therapy：(低钙血症的治疗)
Hyperphosphatemia(高磷血症) | Hypocalcemia,Therapy(低钙血症的治疗) | Hypoparathyroidism(甲状旁腺功能减退症)
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parathyroid：甲状旁腺
同时,间接地,也和副甲状旁腺(parathyroid)发生了联系. 代与谢的作用是对峙的,而生命的节奏就树立在双方的均势之上. 性腺,即睾丸或卵巢的分泌,则和"代"的作用一方面有关,即和交感的神经系统及甲状腺等互相刺激. 至于松果腺和胸腺(thymus),
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parathyroid gland：甲状旁腺
半数人有锥状叶 伸向上方 甲状腺的被膜 纤维囊: 纤维囊 : 真被膜 甲状腺鞘: 甲状腺鞘 : 假 被膜 甲状腺悬韧带: 甲状腺悬韧带 : 由假被膜行成, 由假被膜行成 , 连于甲状软骨 临床意义: 临床意义: 触摸甲状腺 肿物 三, 甲状旁腺 ( parathyroid gland) 大小如黄豆, 大小如黄豆,
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parathyroid hormone：甲状旁腺素
当中涉及的机制仍有待研究,近年的报告指出甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone)、降钙素(calcitonin)及维生素D这三种与钙质代谢有密切关系的激素,在母乳喂养期间的角色并不明显[19,31,33],相反,有其他因素影响乳母骨质密度及钙质代谢的变化,
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parathyroid hormone：甲状旁腺激素
实质内腺细胞排列成索团状,间质中有丰富的有孔毛细血管.腺细胞分主细胞和嗜酸性细胞两种(图12-5).1,主细胞(chief cell)数量最多,呈多边形,核圆,居中,HE染色胞质着色浅.主细胞分泌甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone),主要作用于骨细胞和破骨细胞,
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hyperostotic：骨肥大的; 骨肥厚的 (形)
hyperostosis 骨肥大; 骨肥厚 (名) | hyperostotic 骨肥大的; 骨肥厚的 (形) | hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进 (名)
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paratracheal：气管旁的
parathyroid 甲状旁腺的 | paratracheal 气管旁的 | parenchyma 实质,主质,薄壁组织,柔组织
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hyperparathyroidism：甲状旁腺功能亢进
甲状旁腺功能亢进(hyperparathyroidism)分为原发性及继发性两种. 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进是由于甲状旁腺疾病时分泌过多的甲状旁腺素所致. 临床表现为血钙增高及无机磷降低. 血钙增高的机制是:①通过破骨细胞的作用引起骨组绢脱钙;②肾小管增加钙的吸收;
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primary hyperparathyroidism：原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进
原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(primary hyperparathyroidism)简称甲旁亢,国内并不常见,但欧美等国家并不少见. 甲状旁腺分泌甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH),其主要靶器官为骨和肾,对肠道也有间接作用. PTH的生理功能是调节体内钙的代谢并维持钙和磷的平衡,