生态种群

基本解释 (translations)

mos

与生态种群相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

With the modernization of scientific and technological progress and industrial development, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, aerospace, medical, economic and financial areas of the many principles and laws can be described as an appropriate ordinary differential equations, such as Newton's laws of motion, gravity law, law of conservation of mechanical energy, energy conservation law, the law of population development, ecological population competition, disease transmission, genetic variation, the trend of the stock's up V, the floating interest rates, the market equilibrium price changes.

随着科技进步和工业现代化的发展，物理、化学、生物、工程、航空航天、医学、经济和金融领域中的许多原理和规律都可以描述成适当的常微分方程，如牛顿的运动定律、万有引力定律、机械能守恒定律，能量守恒定律、人口发展规律、生态种群竞争、疾病传染、遗传基因变异、股票的涨伏趋势、利率的浮动、市场均衡价格的变化等。

It is dedicated to education and research focusing on a wide diversity of research areas, including the quantitative population ecology of plants and small mammals, terrestrial plant community ecology, grassland biodiversity and restoration ecology, plant fungal pathogen dynamics and population biology, successional changes in terrestrial insect communities, terrestrial ecosystem ecology, the remote sensing of natural resources, life history theory, molecular evolution in vascular plants, evolutionary and theoretical population genetics, theoretical ecology, and limnology and aquatic ecology, basic biology of insects, Ecophysiology; paleobotany; population genetics, evolution of plants and fungi.

其主要致力于生态学和进化生物学的教育和研究，主要学科领域包括植物和小型哺乳动物种群生态学、陆地植物群落生态学、牧草生物多样性和恢复生态学、植物真菌病原动力学和种群生物学、陆地昆虫群落连续改变、陆地生态系统生态学、自然资源遥感、生命史理论、维管束植物分子进化、进化和理论种群遗传学、理论生态学、湖沼学和水生动物生态学、基础昆虫生物学、生态生理学、古植物学、种群遗传学、植物和真菌的进化等。

Secondly, this paperalso uncover the competitive, cooperative, parasitical and predacity relation betweenBlog unit, colony as well as that of unit and colony.

所以，本研究借鉴了生态学的物种及种群的分析框架和有关成果，在此基础上，首先通过对Blog生态位、生态因子、生态型、生态数据的描述建立了这样一个物种体系，继而对Blog物种的种群特征如年龄结构、出生率和死亡率、数量发展曲线和种群波动等进行了分析和诠释，描绘出一个Blog的种群系统。

Several even ts,that affect genetic variation during ecological restoration,such as sampling error and small population size (bottleneck or founding event and subsequent inb reeding and genetic drift),were extensively discussed.

分析 了生态恢复过程中影响种群遗传变异的因素，主要有取样误差和小种群效应(主要是瓶颈或建立者事件及其以后的近交和漂变)；在进行生态恢复时也要考虑局部适应，对影响种群局部适应的因素也进行了分析。

The larger the niche overlap of two species is, the more similarly resource space they occupy. the niche overlap of Leontopodium leontopodioides and Polygonum viviparum amounts to 0.892 (in the community Ⅰ). This proves that they are very similar in utilizing the resources. In the general community, the niche overlaps among species are very low.

两个种群的生态位重叠值越大，说明它们占据越相似的资源空间，珠芽蓼和火绒草的生态位重叠值高达0.892，说明它们利用资源的相似性程度很高；在总群落中，各种群之间生态位重叠值都很低。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

The temporal and spatial niche breadth value of Propylaea japonica was maximum, and the temporal niche overlap value of Theridion octomaculatum between dominant predatory enemies and Aphis gossypii was maximum and the spatial niche overlap of Pardosa T-insignita was maximum.

对淮北棉田节肢动物优势种群组成和时空生态位进行分析，结果表明：棉蚜、烟粉虱、棉叶螨、棉盲蝽、四点亮腹蛛、龟纹瓢虫、T-纹豹蛛、草间小黑蛛、八斑球腹蛛、华姬猎蝽、小花蝽和青翅隐翅虫为优势种群；时间和空间生态位宽度值都是以龟纹瓢虫最大，捕食性天敌优势种群与棉蚜时间生态位重叠值以八斑球腹蛛最大，空间生态位重叠值以T-纹豹蛛最大。

Based on the investigation of the growth status of gardens plants with the same site conditions, the important values of populations were calculated with the software of ArcMap, the niche breadth of populations were studied using the Shannon-weinne diversity index, Levins niche breadth index and niche overlap.

通过对立地条件类型相同城市的园林绿地植物生长状况进行调查，运用ArcMap软件计算各种群的重要值；采用Shannon-weinne多样性指标、Levins生态位宽度指数和1994年黄英姿提出的生态位重叠计算公式进行种群生态位宽度的研究，将种群生态位理论运用于生态园林建设中。

Quadrats were divided into eight types of communities by TWINSPAN, which can be treated as one-dimension resource states. The niche breadths and overlaps of main dominant species were measured using a series of indices proposed by Levins, Shannon-wiener and Petraitis.

运用TWINSPAN把样方分为8个群落类型，用Levins、Shannon-wiener生态位宽度公式和Petraitis生态位特定重叠指数公式测定群落中主要种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠，并分析各种群生态位的生态学意义。

与生态种群相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

biotic potential：生物潜能

australis和角鲨(Squalus acanthias)(1928)的生物潜能(biotic potential)学说认为生物种群有一固有的增殖能力,称为生物当种群数量上升时,体内个体间的"紧张"或称社群压力(social stress)增加,使内道时,则这个种群就是处在生态灭绝(ecological extinct)的状态.

Ecological balance：生态平衡

生态平衡(ecological balance)又称自然平衡. 指生态系统发展到成熟的阶段,它的结构和功能,包括生物种类的组成、各种种群的数量比例,以及其能量流动、物质循环和信息传递都处于相对稳定和通畅状态. 生态系统之所以能保持相对的平衡稳定状态是因为其内部具有自动调节(或自我恢复)能力.

ecospecies：生态种

一个物种通常可以包括许多种群,不同种群之间存在着明显的地理隔离,长期隔离的结果有可能发展为不同的生态种(ecospecies),甚至产生新的物种. 如油松从河南、山东向北分布到辽宁,内蒙,其分布比较广阔,显然不能说它们是一个种群,

Kentish Plover：環頸(行鳥)

此项目利用DNA指纹鉴定分析土耳其东方环颈行鸟(Kentish plover)的种群关系,以此研究此鸟群间关系与其种群领地质量的相关关系. 此工作涉及南匈牙利的野地观察记录,实验室分子生物学分析攀雀 (Remiz Pendulinus)的行为及生态习性,

mule deer：骡鹿

通过数十年来对黄石国家公园的美洲野牛(Bison),角鹿(Elk),骡鹿(Mule Deer)和驯鹿(Moose)等大型草食动物种群的追踪观察,科学家发现部分种群出现体质下降的现象,并且种群有过度膨胀的趋势,危及当地的森林资源以及生态平衡.

ecological natality：生态出生率

常常区分最大出生率(maximun natality)和实际出生率(realized natality),或称生态出生率(ecological natality). 最大出生率是指种群处于理想条件下(即无任何生态因子的限制作用,生殖只受生理因素的限制)的出生率. 在特定环境条件下种群实际上的出生率称为实际出生率.

ecological niche：生态位

生态位(ecological niche)又称格乌司原理,指生物在生态系统中所占据的特定位置. 具体地说,生态学中的生态位是指在特定时期的特定生态系统中,生物(可以是个体、物种、种群)与环境及其他生物相互作用过程中所形成的相对地位与作用,

niche separation：生态位分离

同利用21、生态位移动:生态位移动(niche drift)生态位移动是指种群对资源谱利用的变动22、生态位分离:生态位分离(niche separation)生态位分离是指两个物种在资源序列上利用资源的分离程度23、互利共生:互利共生(mutualisum)又称互惠共生,

bionomic strategy：生态对策

§4 种群进化对策 1,生态对策 生态对策(bionomic strategy)( 生态对策(bionomic strategy)(生活史对策 life history strategy ):生物在进化过程中,对某一些特定的 生态压力所采取的生活史或行为模式,称生态对策.

populations：种群

具体的生物体是个体(individual),相同物种的个体组成种群(populations),种群的集合创造出共同体(communities),共同体与环境的非生物成分的结合形成生态体系(eco-system),因此,个体是生态体系的基本成员.