染色体基因

基本解释 (translations)

chromogene

与染色体基因相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Discussions are given of the fate of Ms2 during translocation in the hexoploid triticale, the exchange of the names for 4A and 4B chromosomes in common wheat and the possible expoitation of the new locus Ms2 (4BS), and the following speculations are made: In geneic genes of allopolyploid organisms the donor chromosomes tend to be intergenomically translocated to their phylogically and evolutionarily close chromosomes with the same order number and the same arm; it is cofirmed that the 7th International Conference of Wheat Genetics was right to exchange the names between chromosomes 4A and 4B of common wheat in 1988; and as a new genetic marker and a breeding tool for all the chromosome B-carrying species in the tribe of Tritceae, Ms2 (4BS) may have wide application in building and expanding the gene pool of germplasm resources of various species of wheat.

对 Ms2基因在六倍体小黑麦与原太谷核不育小麦远缘杂交中易位时的走向，普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名以及 Ms2(4BS)新位点的开发利用进行了讨论：认为异源多倍体生物核基因的组间易位倾向于从供体染色体向进化亲缘关系较密切，且染色体序数与染色体臂相同的部分同源染色体易位；1988年第7届国际小麦遗传学会对普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名是正确的； Ms2(4BS)作为一个新型的遗传标记，作为小麦族内所有携带B染色体组的物种的育种工具和在拓建各类小麦种质资源的基因库等方面均有广泛的用途。

This may be due to the characteristics of soybean genome,an ancient tetraploid.

这些基因位于10条不同染色体上，FT类基因具有成对排列于同一条染色体的短的区段的倾向，TFL1和CEN的4个不同拷贝均位于不同的染色体上。7对基因之间同源性高于90%，而且多位于不同染色体上，可能与大豆古四倍体的特性有关。4。

To date mutations in 16 autosomal genes have been suggested to be causative of FDCM.

到目前共发现了16个常染色体基因突变与家族性扩张型心肌病相关。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

Formation of mating pairs, nicking of the F oriT sequence, and transfer of the 5' end of a single strand of F DNA proceed as in transfer of the F plasmid. Therefore, Part of the plasmid is transferred first, Chromosomal genes are transferred next, and the rest of the plasmid is transferred last.

雌雄菌的交配、F质粒oriT处缺口的形成、以及由单链F DNA5'末端开始转移的过程都与F质粒的转移相同，因此，首先转移的是部分质粒片段，其次是染色体基因，剩余的质粒片段最后被转移。

In this study, genetic analyses were conducted to determine the genetic basis in an elite resistant inbred line Siyi with complete resistance to maize dwarf mosaic. A new genetic model, two dominant complementary genes conditioning the resistance, were found by Mendelian genetic analysis based on parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses in three successive years' field trails. The two genes were further mapped near the centromere of chromosome 3 and 6, respectively by tightly linked microsatellite markers using 242 plants from F2 generation. The resistance gene on chromosome 3 is 1.0 cM apart from the flanking markers phi053 and umc1527, respectively. Whereas the linkage distance between two flanking markers bnlg1600 and phi075 and resistance gene on chromosome 6 was 1.0 and 4.0 cM, respectively. Genotypic analysis of the plants from testcross and F3 populations supported the new genetic manners.

课题组通过连续三年的抗病鉴定，在国内种质资源中筛选出一份综合农艺性状优良、配合力较高的自交系四一，三年的表型遗传研究和两年的分子标记工作，发现四一中的玉米矮花叶病抗性是由两对显性互补基因控制的，进而利用F2作图群体，把发现的两个基因定位在第三和第六染色体的着丝点附近，并获得了双侧紧密连锁的分子标记连锁图谱，其中第三染色体上的分子标记UMC1527和phi053从抗病基因双侧逼近1 cM，而第六染色体上的分子标记phi075、bnlg1600从抗病基因双侧分别逼近4 cM和1 cM；利用B2群体、F2：3家系、BC3F1群体和带有第三、第六染色体抗病基因以及两个抗病基因的近等基因系，进一步证实了四一中成株期抗性是由两个显性互补基因控制的。

This means that when the sperm containing one allele of each gene fertilizes the egg containing one allele of each gene , then the offspring will once again have two alleles for each gene .

这就是说，意味着每个精子和卵子各包含一份遗传基因，这样他们的后代在染色体基因位置上包含来自其父母的两种基因。

Viciae hurL gene formed nodules in wild-type amounts, indicating that hurL gene is required for nodulation. Although the function of hurL gene in inducing nodulation remains unknown, the results of this work revealed that in addition to the nod and exo genes located on Sym plasmid, the R. leguminosarum chromosomal hurL gene is also involved in controlling its capacity in inducing nodulation on host plant.

虽然目前对hurL基因影响豌豆根瘤菌诱导植物结瘤能力的机制并不清楚，但本文的研究结果首次证明：除位于共生质粒上的结瘤基因和胞外多糖基因外，豌豆根瘤菌在宿主植物上的结瘤还受到染色体基因hurL的控制。

Viciae hurL gene formed nodules in wild-type amounts, indicating that hurL gene is required for nodulation. Although the function of hurL gene in inducing nodulation remains unknown, the results of this work revealed that in addition to the nod and exo genes located on Sym plasmid, the R.

虽然目前对hurL基因影响豌豆根瘤菌诱导植物结瘤能力的机制并不清楚，但本文的研(来源：Acf6fBf6C论文网www.abclunwen.com)究结果首次证明：除位于共生质粒上的结瘤基因和胞外多糖基因外，豌豆根瘤菌在宿主植物上的结瘤还受到染色体基因hurL的控制。

In this experiment, Jacob et al analyzed the progeny from matings that are interrupted after different intervals, using different Hfr strains in which F has integrated in different places. Then, it became both conceptually and practically possible to map genes in E. coli simply by measuring and comparing time of transfer.

在此实验中，Jacob等使用不同的Hfr菌株，分析了不同时期被间断交配的细菌子代，根据不同基因被转移的次序绘出大肠埃希菌染色体基因图谱。

与染色体基因相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

chromosomal aberration：染色体突变

染色体突变(chromosomal aberration)也称染色体畸变或异常. 它是指染色体数目、大小和结构的改变. 染色体突变和基因突变一样,也是产生遗传变异的重要原因. 基因突变大都是DNA分子上碱基的变化,染色体突变则是整个DNA分子在较大范围内的变化,

allele：等位基因

2)等位基因(Allele) 位于同源染色体的同一位置上的基因,是由基因突变而起源的. 4)等位基因(allele)在一对同源染色体的同一基因座上的2个不同形式的基因.

dosage compensation：剂量补偿

在这项研究中,研究人员锁定了一个称为剂量补偿 (dosage compensation)的生理活动现象,深入的探究大规模染色体基因的调控过程. 之前的研究资料显示,性染色体上雌性XX染色体的活动可以通过剂量补偿的调控来适当的关闭一条染色体的基因活动,

gene mapping：基因定位

五,基因定位与染色体作图 (一)相关概念 1,基因定位(gene mapping):根据重组值确定不同基 ,基因定位( : 因在染色体上的相对位置和排列顺序的过程. 因在染色体上的相对位置和排列顺序的过程. 2,染色体图( 2,

locus：基因座

等位基因(Allele): 在染色体上占据相同位置的两个不同的基因 基因座(Locus): 基因在染色体所处的位置. 特定的基因在染色体上都有其特定的座位. 每个基因座上,有 两个等位基因. 显性基因(Dominant Gene): 在杂合状态中,

monogenic disease：单基因病

基因病又分为单基因病(monogenic disease)和多基因病(polygenic disease). 单基因病可按遗传方式而细分;染色体病可按常染色体和性染色体异常分两大类(表1-3). 表1-3 遗传病的分类及发病率先天性疾病是指个体出生后即表现出来的疾病.

autosomal inheritance：体染色体遗传

"体染色体基因","autosomal gene" | "体染色体遗传","autosomal inheritance" | "体染色体","autosome"

chromogene：染色体基因

chromogen /色原体/媒染染料的一种/ | chromogene /染色体基因/ | chromogenic /产色的/显色/

chromosomal aberration：<基因词汇Gene> 染色体畸变

chromoplast <基因词汇Gene> 有色体 | chromosomal aberration <基因词汇Gene> 染色体畸变 | chromosomal duplication <基因词汇Gene> 染色体复制

microchromosome：小染色体

目前一些实验室正致力于构建人工微小染色体(microchromosome). 构建染色体应包括:基因、复制起点、着丝粒和端粒. 染色体上需带有基因是不言而喻的. 复制起点是染色体复制所不可缺少的. 着丝粒保证复制后的染色体均等地分配到两个子细胞中.