权力

基本解释 (translations)

authorities  ·  authority  ·  might  ·  potence  ·  potency  ·  power  ·  puissance  ·  potencies  ·  powers  ·  pretensions

与权力相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

State regime construction means that state power collapses traditional local power structure, and sets up new political system and political culture, in order to realize regime's bureaucratization and rationalization. So the state regimes construction includes three respects: The first is state bureaucracy system construction, modern state regime depends on this system to promote state power.

国家政权建设是指国家权力不断瓦解传统地方权力结构，确立新的政治体制和政治文化，实现政权的官僚化和合理化的过程，它包含三方面的问题：一是国家官僚体制建设，现代国家政权是以官僚体制为工具来推行国家权力的，国家政权在官僚体制建设中形成新的规则和运行秩序，体现了新的国家与社会关系；二是国家能力建设，国家能力是指推行国家权力应具备的社会经济基础；三是合法性建设，将政治权力的行使变成"合法"权威，使国家权力的推行不至遭到民众的抵抗。

State regime construction means that state power collapses traditional local power structure, and sets up new political system and political culture, in order to realize regimes bureaucratization and rationalization. So the state regimes construction includes three respects: The first is state bureaucracy system construction, modern state regime depends on this system to promote state power.

国家政权建设是指国家权力不断瓦解传统地方权力结构，确立新的政治体制和政治文化，实现政权的官僚化和合理化的过程，它包含三方面的问题：一是国家官僚体制建设，现代国家政权是以官僚体制为工具来推行国家权力的，国家政权在官僚体制建设中形成新的规则和运行秩序，体现了新的国家与社会关系；二是国家能力建设，国家能力是指推行国家权力应具备的社会经济基础；三是合法性建设，将政治权力的行使变成"合法"权威，使国家权力的推行不至遭到民众的抵抗。

The legislative also in this case being supposed to consist of several persons,(for if it be a single person, it cannot but be always in being, and so will, as supreme, naturally have the supreme executive power, together with the legislative) may assemble, and exercise their legislature, at the times that either their original constitution, or their own adjournment, appoints, or when they please; if neither of these hath appointed any time, or there be no other way prescribed to convoke them: for the supreme power being placed in them by the people, it is always in them, and they may exercise it when they please, unless by their original constitution they are limited to certain seasons, or by an act of their supreme power they have adjourned to a certain time; and when that time comes, they have a right to assemble and act again.

在这种情况下，立法权力还应当被假定包括若干人，（因为如果是一个人，它就不能总是单独存在，随之而来的，自然的会将立法权力和最高执行权力都攫取在一个人手中）在最初的宪法所规定的时间，或他们休会时所指定的时间，或在任何他们想集会的时间——如果前两者都没有确定时间，或没有规定其它的召集办法的话——集会，行使他们的立法权力：因为立法权力既已交给他们，他们就可以在他们想行使的时候行使，除非根据最初的宪法他们只能在一定的时期内行使，或者根据最高权力的法案他们需要休会一定的时间；休会结束时，他们又拥有权利可以集会和制定法案了。

Look At the Chinese Archaic Excruciation From Its Cruel Government Official;2. He indicates the evolutionary process of human power from the excruciation and persecution in ancient societies to the contemporary soft control of both human bodies and spirits.

福柯既把"规训与惩罚"看作是人对人的驯顺、塑造和统治形式，也从中探察出权力的性质及演变历史；并由此引发出一系列与规训和惩罚相关的政治、法律、权力、观念和科学技术问题；表明人类社会是如何从古代通过酷刑对人类肉体的疯狂肆虐逐步演化为通过对人类精神和肉体施加的普遍"温柔的"暴力而达到被统治者自觉规训和臣服的目的；与此同时还对权力的功能和性质进行了微观分析，使人们对"权力压抑"、"生命权力"、"顺从身体"、"隐秘权力"，以及"权力清空"等问题都产生耳目一新的认识。

It comes to the conclusion that in Chinese comprehensive universities, the marginal contribution of the academic power is larger than the administrative power, that is, the expansion of academic power will play a more notable role than the expansion of the administrative power.

上述研究显示出，大学权力结构中行政权力与学术权力相对大小的不同将对大学的组织效率产生不同的影响；当前我国教学科研型大学中，学术权力的边际贡献比行政权力的贡献大，即扩大学术权力的作用要比扩大行政权力的作用大。

If the legislative, or any part of it, be made up of representatives chosen for that time by the people, which afterwards return into the ordinary state of subjects, and have no share in the legislature but upon a new choice, this power of chusing must also be exercised by the people, either at certain appointed seasons, or else when they are summoned to it; and in this latter case the power of convoking the legislative is ordinarily placed in the executive, and has one of these two limitations in respect of time: that either the original constitution requires their assembling and acting at certain intervals, and then the executive power does nothing but ministerially issue directions for their electing and assembling, according to due forms; or else it is left to his prudence to call them by new elections, when the occasions or exigencies of the public require the amendment of old, or making of new laws, or the redress or prevention of any inconveniencies, that lie on, or threaten the people.

如果立法权力或它的任何部分，由人们选举的代表组成，在需要立法的时候集会，法律制定之后仍回归臣民的普通状态，除非重新当选，不再享有任何立法权力，那么选举的权力也应由人们在一确定的时间或当他们被召集时行使；在后一种情况下，召集立法的权力通常交给执行权力，在时间上受以下二者限制：或由最初的宪法规定的每隔一段时间之后就集会并制定法律，执行权力仅仅以政府的名义发布依据正当的形式进行议员选举和集会的指令；或当公共领域出现紧急情况，要求修订旧法律，或制定新法律，或矫正和预防任何存在和将威胁人们的不便干扰，这留给执行权力的审慎来决定，通过新的选举来召集立法议员。

If therefore the executive, who has the power of convoking the legislative, observing rather the true proportion, than fashion of representation, regulates, not by old custom, but true reason, the number of members, in all places that have a right to be distinctly represented, which no part of the people however incorporated can pretend to, but in proportion to the assistance which it affords to the public, it cannot be judged to have set up a new legislative, but to have restored the old and true one, and to have rectified the disorders which succession of time had insensibly, as well as inevitably introduced: For it being the interest as well as intention of the people, to have a fair and equal representative; whoever brings it nearest to that, is an undoubted friend to, and establisher of the government, and cannot miss the consent and approbation of the community; prerogative being nothing but a power, in the hands of the prince, to provide for the public good, in such cases, which depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct; whatsoever shall be done manifestly for the good of the people, and the establishing the government upon its true foundations, is, and always will be, just prerogative.

所以，如果拥有召集立法权力的执行权力，遵从真正的比例而不是代表制的表面形式，根据真正的理性而不是旧的习俗来管理所有有权利被清楚的代表的地方的代表人数，这种代表人数任何地方都不能自我宣称，而必须与它提供给公众的支持相称，这不能被认为是建立了一种新的立法权力，而是恢复了旧的和真正的立法权力，并矫正了由于时间流逝不知不觉所继承的和不可避免的引入所产生的混乱：因为既然拥有公正和平等的代表机构是人们的利益和意图所在；无论是谁使它更接近这一目标，谁便无可置疑的是这样的政府的朋友和奠基者，并不会得不到共同体的同意和许可；特殊权力也仅仅是一种权力，在取决于无法预见和不确定的事件的情况下，确定的和不可变更的法律不能安全的引导，于是君主行使它来为公众的利益服务；无论做什么，只要明显的是为人们的利益并将政府建于它真正的基础之上，是并且总是正当的特殊权力。

The same holds also in regard of the federative power, that and the executive being both ministerial and subordinate to the legislative, which, as has been shewed, in a constituted common-wealth is the supreme.

在考虑外交权力的时候也是这样，外交权力与执行权力都是政府权力并从属于立法权力，立法权力，如已经说明的，在一个已建立的共同体中是最高权力。

The ruling people should have proper power awareness and understand that their power is demised from public rights so that they can use their power for the people's rights. Their power should be supervised by laws; otherwise, the distortion of power awareness will inevitably lead to violation of the constitution.

掌权者必须具备正确的权力意旨，明晰宪政下的权力来源于公众权利的让渡，坚持权力为权利服务，并使权力从法治层面受到监督，才能正确实践权力，否则，权力意旨被扭曲，必然在实践中导致权力违宪。

In the process of power relationship adjustment and deployment, the original administrative power order has been shattered, but yet the new order has not been completely established. Thus the administrative power system is disordered: public power is departmentalized, department power is individualized, personal rights are commercialized and the benefits of all power bodies are contradictive, which are the secondary factors against modernization in the process of administration.

在这一系列的权力关系的调整和配置过程中，原有的行政权力秩序被打破，但新的行政权力秩序并没有完全建立，因此形成了行政权力体系的失序，出现了公共权力部门化，部门权力商品化和各种权力主体的利益冲突等现象。

与权力相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Bill of Rights：权力法案

比如对权力法案(bill of rights),美国不同的联邦大法官(judge of US supreme court)都可能持不同的解释. 有的大法官会认为宪政下,公民权力必须依据明文确定,不在宪法内罗列的权力(numerated rights)不受法律保护. 比如个人隐私权不在权力法案之内,

coercive power：强制权力

5种形式的权力: 强制 基本机构模式 奖赏 权威 合法 专家 强制权力(Coercive power)是以恐惧为基础的. 不符合要求的后果可能是某种惩罚. 具有强制权力的人可以对一个雇员施以影响,或直接开除、降职或调动.

female complicity with：女性和阳物权力的共谋

phallic power阳物权力 | female complicity with女性和阳物权力的共谋 | in relationships关系中的权力

Imperium：权力

也许恰恰是作为"至上权力"(imperium)的权力概念在它自己周围制造了这种真空;这说明为什么尼禄、卡利古拉和其他一些人有着反复无常的苏丹的面貌,而法国旧王朝时代从来没有过任何一个"疯子凯撒";这个权力概念通过类似的方式把元老院排除出了参政的可能.

legislative authority：法律根据; 立法权力; 立法机构的权力

Legislative Assembly of Panama;巴拿马立法大会;; | legislative authority;法律根据; 立法权力; 立法机构的权力;; | letter of acknowledgement;收文通知书;;

legitimate power：法定权力

n 法定权力(legitimate power) 这种权力是因为一个人比其他人(在组织中)的地位高而得到的. 它与强制权力类似但有更多含义. 这种类型的权力在军队中效果很好,因为在军队中,军人等待着接受命令并毫无异议地执行这些命令. 但是,在日常生活中,

Power to discipline pupils for misbehaviour outside the school gate：约束校外不端行为的权力

1.Power to discipline 教育的权力 | 2.Power to discipline pupils for misbehaviour outside the school gate 约束校外不端行为的权力 | 3.Punishing poor behaviour 惩罚不好行为的权力

power spectrum：权力范围

power relation 权力关系 | power spectrum 权力范围 | power structure 权力结构

puissance：权力

因此首先必须避免误解尼采的权力(puissance)意志的原理. 这个原理并不意味着(至少不首先意味着)意志渴求权力,或者,意志希望支配. 只要把权力意志解释为"希望支配"的意思,就不可避免地使权力意志依存于既成价值,即依存于在这样那样地情况下,

reward power：奖赏权力

奖赏权力(reward power)是管理者通过奖励他们所期望的行为而影响下属的能力. 这种权力的影响取决于奖酬的吸引力以及一个人可以控制奖酬的确定性程度. 例如,如果校长控制着教学任务的分配,或教学创新发展基金的分配,在学校中就拥有奖赏教师的权力.