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To investigate whether the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in normal and cryptorchid testis. Results showed that heat would differentially hurt male germ cells in different developmental stages during spermatogenesis, especially the pachytene primary spermatocytes. Most of spermatogonia in contralateral cryptorchid testis were not harmed fatally by heat as yet, indicating that spermatogonia could resist to beat to a certain extent. In this case spermatogonia could develop to pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes, but they could not acquire the ability to complete the transition from mitosis to meiosis, and then appeared to go through apoptosis. Therefore, we could not find the descendants of meiosis: secondary spermatocytes and round spermatids, elongated spermatids and spermatozoon. The abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes. In normal rabbit testis, cyclin B1 increased in the pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes before meiosis and reached its peak in the spermatids.
为了解精子正常发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1表达的低温依赖性,我们利用原位杂交和免疫组化等方法,研究了正常和隐睾精子发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1的转录和翻译调控活动,结果表明:(1)热对各阶段的雄性生殖细胞都有损害,粗线期的初级精母细胞尤为敏感,实验性隐睾内的精原细胞尚未完全受到"致命"影响,说明精原细胞对热有一定的耐受性,但即使成为粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞,却未能获得由有丝分裂过渡到减数分裂的能力,呈现不同程度的凋亡,所以在整个切片中找不到源自减数分裂的产物----次级精母细胞、圆形精子细胞,更谈不上长形精子细胞和精子的形成;(2)腹腔高温未明显地影响隐睾精原细胞和粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中cyclinB1和cdc2的转录,说明高温并不是通过影响cyclin B1和cdc2的转录活动而导致生精过程阻断的;(3)正常兔睾丸组织中,〓在精原细胞和粗线期/双线期精母细胞中均有表达:cyclin B1蛋白在减数分裂前期的粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中的表达量增加,于变态末期的精子细胞中达高峰。
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The 10 a plot had the highest community average height, abundance, and above ground biomass, but the community average increased with enclosure time and the 25 a plot had the highest community average coverage. Enclosure for 10 a gave the highest species diversity index in the third plots, while 15 a had the highest' richness index and lowest evenness index. The highest evenness index was in the non-enclosure plot. Exclosure appears to maintain or conserve, rather than increase plant diversity in contrast to non-enclosure.
结果表明,围封10年样地群落的高度、多度以及地上生物量最大,而群落的盖度则随封育年限的增加呈显著增加趋势,在封育25年达到最大;围栏封育的不同年限也显著影响了群落的物种多样性,在围封10年样地群落具有最高的多样性指数,围封15年样地具有最高的丰富度指数,而均匀度指数则是在未封育群落中表现为最高值,最低值是在物种丰富度最高时出现。
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The result indicated that (1) During 10 years, the number of unused land and grassplot was decreased, the other types of use land were increased;(2) The absolute index of land structure variation in Aksu area during 10 years was 8, among which the annual change of garden land and traffic land was great, the annual change of grassplot and unused land was small;(3) The relative change of introduced single type of land use indicated that there was significant regional difference in the change of land use in Aksu area.
结果表明:(1)在10年尺度上土地利用总体动态特征是未利用地和牧草地减少,其它土地利用类型增加;(2)10年间阿克苏地区土地结构变化绝对指数为8,其中:园地,交通用地的年变化率较大,牧草地、未利用地的年变化率较小;(3)引入的单一土地利用类型相对变化率,反映出阿克苏地区土地利用变化存在明显区域差异。
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In 2000,the area below 400 meters was also watershed,mining sites and settlements,the proportion of both unutilized land below 400 meters and woodland between 400 meters and 800 meters raised a little,it showed that most woodland transform into the other types of land use in low altitude area,however,most unutilized land and the other types of land use transform into woodland in low and mediad altitude area,and the changes in woodland had metastatic trends in low and middle altitude area in the years from 1988 to 2000.The area proportion between 400 meters and 800 meters raised a lot in mining sites and settlements,the total distributed area on woodland had a trend of rising,while the distribution in pasture had a trend of decreasing.
在2000年,400m区域以下依然是水域和居民点及工矿用地,未利用地比例在400m以下有所上升而林地比例在400m~800m有所上升,表明在1994年至2000年间,低海拔地区许多林地转化为其他土地利用类型,而在中低海拔地区大量的未利用地和其他土地利用类型转化为林地,林地的变化有向中低海拔转移的趋势。2006年居民点及工矿用地在400m至800m区域面积比例增加,林地类型分布区域整体呈上升的趋势,草地分布区域呈下降的趋势。
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The results dicate that there was nearly no difference from hibernation and activity period in all tissures except the liver and skeletal muscle of Elaphe rufodorsata as shown by electrophoresis plot, hibernation was lower than in activity period except that in liver of Erinaceus dealbatus, and LDH4 was not detected in all detected tissues of the three species of snakes.
结果表明:LDH同工酶的电泳图谱只有红点锦蛇的肝和骨骼肌中存在活动期和冬眠期的明显差异,在其余动物两个时期的组织中未表现出明显变化;刺猬的肝脏LDH活性在冬眠期显著地高于活动期,而其余的动物组织冬眠期LDH活性均显著低于活动期;三种蛇类组织LDH4均未见表达。
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No entire nitrendipine crystals were observed visually in SEM photos. The results of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the crystalline form of nitrendipine was highly dispersed in microspheres, so as amorphous state. The drug release rate of microspheres could be controlled with adjusting the ratio of solid dispersion carriers and retarding agents formulated. The agitation speed and temperature of the preparation process have distinct effect on micromeritic properties of microspheres. The release profiles of the microspheres were mainly affected by the stirring rate of paddle, the concentration of SDS and pH of dissolution medium. Cooling speed and time, however, have no evident influence on the drug release rate of the microspheres. The dissolution data showed that the mechanism of drug release from microsphers was mainly diffusion-controlled. The incorporation efficiencies of 3 batches sample were exceed 96. 8%, which implied that the current method was suitable for design sustained-release dosage form for poorly water-soluble drug.
在扫描电子显微镜下观察,在微球内外未发现尼群地平的完整结晶,X-射线粉末衍射和差示扫描量热试验结果也显示,尼群地平已经被高度分散在微球中;微球的释药速度可通过调整处方中固体分散体载体和阻滞剂的比例控制;制备温度和搅拌速度对微球的质量影响较大;溶出仪的搅拌速度,释放介质的浓度和pH对微球的释放有较大的影响;制备过程中的冷却速度和冷却时间对微球的释放行为影响不很明显;方程拟合的结果表明缓释微球的释药行为符合扩散机制;测定三批微球样品的包封率均在96.8%以上,表明该法适合于制备难溶性药物的缓释微球。
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The mate choice of Brandt′s voles Microtus brandti was investigated in the laboratory to study the mating system of this species. It was found that the female voles spent significantly more time visiting the partners than the strange males, but the male voles did not show any preference of the partners to the strange females. A female vole showed no difference in the copulatory behavior between an unfamiliar male and a familiar male which had copulated with her for 15 minutes, but she visited and fought the unfamiliar male significantly more than the familiar male. A male vole significantly preferred visiting and mating with an unfamiliar oestrous female to a familiar female which had copulated with him for 15 minutes.
在实验室通过布氏田鼠对配偶与陌生异性鼠、已交配和未交配异性鼠、熟悉和陌生异性鼠三种情况下配偶选择的实验研究,结果表明:雌性布氏田鼠对配偶的选择显著地要多于陌生雄鼠;虽然对陌生和熟悉雄鼠选择差异不显著,但对陌生鼠的选择强度要高于熟悉雄鼠;同时对已交配和未交配雄鼠的选择无显著差异。
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The land use pattern had changed by a relatively large margin in Neijiang city from 1997 to 2005. The main tendency of this change is that with remarkable reduction of cultivated land that decreased by 9936.11hm~2, unutilized land and water area, while garden land, forest land that increased by 7032.23 hm~2, grass land and building land increased notably. And during the research time, the speed of land use type change reduced from garden land, traffic land, forest land, residential areas and industrial and minings land, cultivated land, unutilized land to water area. The main trend of general dynamic degree changed from progressive increase to degression. From the analyses of land use diversion matrix, we know resulting in the quantity change of land use was that cultivated land being occupied by construction,adjustment in structure of agriculture and the implementation of the national reforesting formerly cultivated land policy in Neijiang city.
结果表明:1997~2005年间,土地利用类型发生较大幅度变化,总体上呈现耕地、未利用地、水域面积显著减小和园地、林地、牧草地、建设用地面积增大的趋势,其中耕地面积减幅最大,达9936.11hm~2,林地增幅最大,达7032.23 hm~2;土地利用类型变化速度依次为园地>交通用地>林地>耕地>居民点及工矿用地>未利用地>水域,其中园地为2.67%,水域为-0.01%,综合土地利用动态度呈现先递增后递减的趋势;从土地利用类型转移矩阵分析得出,建设用地占用耕地、农业结构内部调整、&退耕还林&是导致内江市土地利用类型数量变化的重要原因。
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The results indicate that the cultivated land was the primary type, the proportion of unused land and secondary saline habitat were much bigger, the proportion of residential and mining land increased quickly, and the conflict between the producing-construction of oilfield and eco-environment conservation was keen-edged in the recent ten years.
研究结果表明:耕地是东营市主要的土地利用类型,面积有所减少;未利用地和次生盐碱地所占比重较大,居民点及工矿用地大幅增加,油田生产建设和生态环境保护矛盾非常突出。
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The results suggested that from 1996 to 2005, the area of cultivated land, forest land, grass land and unutilized land in Conghua City decreased, while the area of garden land, construction land increased. The total ecosystem services value in Conghua City increased by 0.0690×10^8 Yuan, and the rate of increase was 0.21%.
结果表明,1996-2005年从化市土地利用变化的总体趋势是耕地、林地、牧草地和未利用地面积在减少,园地、建设用地和水域面积在增加;从化市生态系统服务总价值增加了0.0690亿元,增加率为0.21%。
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ulterior:在那边的
ulnar 尺骨的 | ulterior 在那边的 | ulteriorly 未表明地
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ulteriorly:未表明地
ulterior 在那边的 | ulteriorly 未表明地 | ultima ratio 最后的争论
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ultima ratio:最后的争论
ulteriorly 未表明地 | ultima ratio 最后的争论 | ultima Thule 天涯海角