文化斗争

基本解释 (translations)

kulturkampf

与文化斗争相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

This "culture of struggle" is being institutionalized in diverse ways, some at quite early stages, others quite developed: in films; in music (the union launched an album that included both traditional labour songs and songs specifically written about the recent events); in art (the new educational center has permanent exhibits and will host temporary exhibits celebrating solidarity and internationalism); in the unique level of resources now dedicated to both education and communicating with the membership (the new education center, the expansion of materials and pamphlets, the growth in the core of locally-based educators, the strengthening and expansion of local union papers); in the mood, style, and content at the Canadian Council, Conventions, and other union meetings; and, of course, in the on-going struggles themselves in collective bargaining and - as with free trade - politically.

这种"文化斗争"制度化正在以各种方式，有的还相当早期阶段，其他相当发达：在电影；音乐（联盟发起了一个专辑，其中包括传统的劳动歌曲和音乐专门写最近发生的事件）；在艺术（新的教育中心，永久展览和临时展览将举办庆祝团结和国际主义）；中的独特的资源水平，现在专门的教育和沟通的成员（新的教育中心，扩大材料和小册子，增长中的核心，当地的教育工作者，加强和扩大当地联盟篇）；人的情绪，风格和内容在加拿大，公约和其他联盟会议；和当然，在正在进行的斗争本身在集体谈判和-与自由贸易-政治。

As the uniform of cultural confliction and cultural fusion, the integration of culture is the process of human culture in the age of globalization.

作为文化冲突和文化融合相统一的文化整合，是经济全球化时代人类文化发展的过程，是人类文化在对立和斗争中保持统一的主要方式。

Instead this paper focuses on the theoretical, analytical dimension and offers three theoretical, analytical explanations for the questions: 1 because the literary indigenization paradigm engenders a kind of antagonism between different historical narratives which is difficult to be weakened; 2 because in the identity politics strategic essentialism is ready to slide from a mere strategy to a form of de facto essentialism that provokes an essentialist backlash; 3 because the literary indigenization paradigm and the conflict caused by it, after all, involves state power.

因此本文另辟蹊径，从理论分析的角度提出三点解释：第一，由於文学的本土化典范是一种叙事的本土化典范，其相关的争论有如世界观的冲突；第二、由於认同政治∕文化斗争中的「策略的本质主义」与本质主义之间不易区分，即使是策略性的认同宣称，也容易引起本质主义色彩的对抗；第三，因为文学的本土化典范终究涉及国家权力。

Barack Obama makes much of the fact that he is too young to have played a part in the Kulturkampf of the 1960s.

OBAMA举出了他在1960年代还小，没能成为德国文化斗争的一份子的一些实例。

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

In the process of cultural permeation,cultural nationalization is inevitable.

它主要集中在价值观上，发生在以下两个领域，一是文化认同领域，表现为各民族文化的自我中心主义倾向之间的对立，其中最主要的冲突是发达国家的文化霸权主义与发展中国家反文化霸权主义的斗争。

During this course, there are contradictions between modern and postmodern, struggle between rationalism and sensualism, antinomy between structuralism and deconstructionism, dissension between homogeneity and heterogeneity... These contradictions and dissension are the embodiment of transformation from industrial society to post-industrial society in the cultural domain. It provides references for the socialist culture construction of our country.

从文化学层面分析，它充斥了文化同质性与文化异质性的对抗与消解，文化高雅性与文化通俗性的对峙与融合，文化工具性与文化价值性的斗争与合流；从哲学层面分析，它又体现了文化一元主义与多元主义的对立与统一，文化结构主义与文化解构主义的交锋与并立，文化绝对主义与文化相对主义的冲突与共存，这一切集中反映了西方在由工业社会向后工业社会转变过程中文化的特有矛盾和状态，也为我国社会主义文化建设提供了借鉴和参考的价值。

Chapter Four deals with Wen Yi monthly edited by Din Ling, It point out that :firstly, after liberation, the party culture ideology had changed Din Ling's original intention which was desighed for a literary journal, and turn it into the party organ whose fuction was to supervive national culture movement and to guide the battle in thought field.

认为：其一，建国后党的文艺意识形态改变了丁玲将《文艺报》办成文学刊物的初衷，而使之成为代表党的意志指导全国文艺运动与创作、参与并监控思想文化斗争的党的机关刊物；其二，尽管丁玲本人畏于文艺/政治斗争，但五十年代初丁玲及《文艺报》组织批判萧也牧的方式是建国初期文艺批评所谓群众批评模式的典范案例，这表现出丁玲对体制的努力适应与迎合；其三，&作家&/&主编&/&党的文化官员&/&党的文学教育者&的多重文化身份和文化认同使丁玲建国初期的&言&与&行&呈现出分裂、矛盾状态，这说明丁玲又不能被意识形态彻底整合。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing people\'s striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing peoples striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

与文化斗争相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

beings：存在

比如,把西方的"存在"(beings)概念译成"万有",把"物理"(Physics)对译成"格致",试图以中国文化的经验去达成对新鲜的异域文化的理解. 之后,则习惯于用柏拉图的理念去解释朱子之"理",以唯物主义与唯心主义的对立去回溯唯物主义与唯心主义相斗争的中国哲学史"传统"

cynical：玩世不恭的

欣然接受"伤痕文学"这个贬称的时候,作家就把自己放在了一个身份和事业认同的十字路口上:他要么以此作为反讽的(ironic)斗争武器,继续永恒的牛虻事业,要么以此作为玩世不恭的(cynical)做秀招牌,堕为文化

individual differences：个人差异

现代思潮与后现代思潮杂糅并处、西方文化与东方文化相互斗争又相互融合、精英文化与大众文化你来我往、高雅艺术和通俗艺术此消彼长......传播学理论认为,在受众和媒介之间存在着一种被称作"缓冲体"(buffers)或"过滤器"(filters)的东西,德弗勒将这种"缓冲体"概括为个人差异(individual differ

hellenistic：希腊文化

受到罗马人的关注完全是因为他是和东方诸神一样,因为希腊文化(hellenistic)接纳了许多外来的信仰,又与他们共同并存,...他当初为之艰难斗争的思想在后来几个世纪中占据了思想界的主流.

holographic：全像

避免只用领导阶层惯性偏好的观点来诠释,并且要善用社会进程、意象、符号、仪式与气氛酝造,巧妙化解次文化与次级团体间的斗争与对立,使文化隐喻嵌入组织成员的的精神符码之中,透过全像(holographic)的共享意义基础,给予组织文化最合理的象徵意义,

Kropotkin, Peter：克鲁泡特金

磕头 kowtow | 克鲁泡特金 Kropotkin, Peter | 文化斗争 Kulturkampf

Kultur：轻蔑德国文化

kulak 富农 | kultur 轻蔑德国文化 | kulturkampf 文化斗争

Kultur：文化/[轻蔑] 德国文化

kulak /富农/ | kultur /文化/[轻蔑] 德国文化/ | kulturkampf /文化斗争/

kulturkampf：文化斗争

俾斯麦的国内政策,诸如"文化斗争"(Kulturkampf)、"非常法"(Ausnahmegesetz)等均遭到不同程度的失败. 但他力求团结所有邻国、孤立法国确保帝国安全和欧洲均势的外交政策取得了一定成就. 特别是他推行的统一德国的"铁血政策"和纵横捭阖的外交政策,

Martin Luther：路德

无一不对文化的保存与发展做出了巨大的贡献.宗教改革是资产阶级在宗教外衣下进行的一次反封建斗争.天主教会是中世纪西欧封建制度的精神支柱,一切反动势力的总代表.宗教改革是从教会营垒内部进行的针锋相对的斗争,它始于1517年马丁 路德(Martin Luther)在维登堡大学宣布的宗教改革纲领,