放牧

基本解释 (translations)

feed  ·  graze  ·  grazing  ·  herd  ·  pasturage  ·  pasture  ·  pasturing  ·  range  ·  ranged  ·  stock  ·  wrangle  ·  depasture  ·  feeds  ·  grazed  ·  grazes  ·  herded  ·  herds  ·  pastured  ·  pastures  ·  ranges  ·  stocked  ·  wrangled  ·  wrangles  ·  wrangling

词组短语

put out to pasture · browse on

与放牧相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

After analyzing natural factors and human activities, the paper considers the following as main reasons for soil degradation of the source regions of the Yellow River: a natural conditions, climate arid, precipitation decrease, bad soil condition and rich sand source; b human factors, overgrazing, destructive felling, irrational grazing system, wild animals battue, and so on.

在综合分析自然因素和人为活动后，本文认为气候干旱、降水减少、土壤条件差、沙源丰富等自然条件和超载放牧、乱挖滥采、放牧制度不合理、大量捕杀野生动物等人为因素是造成黄河河源区土地退化的主要原因。

The mixed sown pasture of white clover and cocksfoot, which was the most typical grassland type on the Yun-Gui plateau, and the ideal beef cattle varieties such as shorthorn and cross-bred breed cattle by three components , which were adapted to be raised and grazed on the pasture in the south of China were studied as follows: Firstly, the basic data regarding pasture production, beef cattle production, grazing management and running management inside and outside of China were collected in flocks on the basis of collectivity optimization for beef cattle grazing system on sown pasture and a whole set of system of indicator management for beef cattle production had been studied on the whole aspects in order to manage every factor affecting on grazing system in fix quantity.

在对人工草地肉牛放牧系统进行总体优化的基础上，收集大量国内外有关牧草生产、肉牛生产、放牧管理和经营管理等方面的大量基础资料，从系统角度研究出一套完整的肉牛生产的指标管理体系，以对影响放牧系统的各个因素进行定量化管理；2。

Persistence of grazing mixed pasture has been a key issue in environment conservation and sustainable utilizing of resources in karst region. Under moderate grazing with Corriedale sheep, the productivity and botanical composition of Trifolium pratense mixtures were studied over a 20-year period in karst region of southwest China. Four mixtures consisted of Trifolium pr...

用考力代绵羊轮牧，在牧前和牧后草地现存量(干物质，DM，drymatter)分别为1800~2500(草层高15~18cm)和900~1200kg·hm-2(草层高3~5cm)的适度放牧利用条件下，对亚热带最常见的豆科牧草红三叶与禾本科牧草的两两混播草地的群落生产力和持久性开展长期研究。20年的结果表明：适度放牧利用下，群落地上总生物量长期稳定，各组合间差异不显著，总盖度20a后仍高达97%以上；适度放牧有利于牧草的生产力持久性，红三叶、鸭茅、多年生黑麦草和黑穗画眉草都在群落中长期存在；群落净产量和持久性是尺度依赖的，群落长期净生产力以红三叶+鸭茅的最高(DM产量353.3g·m-2·a-1)(P.05)，对杂草侵入的抵抗力最强，而前10a红三叶+多年生黑麦草有很高的净生产力DM产量449.8g·m-2·a。。。

This study was carried out in collective-owned summer grassland in Ganchaitan, which is located at the south foot of eastern Lenglongling Mountain (a branch of north Qilian Mountain), with yak and Tibetan sheep miscellaneously grazed on it. The grassland type could be classified as alpine meadow, dominated by Potentilla froticosa shrub. This study, under grads grazing stress, focused on the community structure, composition, species diversity, above-ground biomass of PFS, by using pane net sampling based on spatial distribution in stead of temporal succession. Results showed that: Grazing stress negatively related to the distance between grazing area and resident area.

以祁连山北支冷龙岭东段南麓的甘柴滩夏季牧场集体长期混合放牧的高寒金露梅Potentilla froticosa灌丛草场为对象，利用空间分布代替时间演替的方法，采用方格网法取样分析调查，对不同放牧压力梯度下金露梅灌丛群落的结构、组成、物种多样性、地上生物量进行研究，结果表明：①放牧居住点由远到近，放牧压力梯度不断增加，金露梅株高、密度、覆盖度、地上生物量和丛间草地的地上生物量均有不同程度的降低，地上的总生物量降低幅度达84.77%。

The relationship between weed invasion and intensity was analysed on sown pasture mixed by whiteclover and perennial ryegrass,and the preliminary results were that 1the number of invasive weeds ismainly dependent on grazing intensity;2the trend of species diversity was successively increase-decrease-increase when the grazing intensity is increase;3 principal invasion weed species are Lysimachiahemsleyana, Eragrostis nigra, etc,8 species;4the sown pasture in question is pioneer stage of the recoverysucce...

本文分析了白三叶草十多年生黑麦草混播人工草地上杂草入侵与放牧强度之间的关系，得出如下初步结论：1）杂草入侵的种数主要决定于放牧强度；2）α物种多样性随放牧加重而有增－减－增的趋势；3）入侵的主要杂草种为点腺过路黄等8个种；4）所论人工草地都处在恢复演替的先锋阶段，因而草地退化的进程还是能予以遏制的。

The number of microbes decreased with the rise of the intensity of grazing to some extent because plants were foraged by animals and soil was destroyed, which resulted in the decline of biomass and the organic matter of soil.

在放牧梯度上，土壤微生物数量总体上随着放牧强度的增加呈递减趋势，这与放牧导致植物生产力降低，土壤结构受到破坏，有机质含量下降有关。

Basisd on the controlled stocking rates, comparable repeated experiment was conducted to understand the stability of grazing ecosystem in vegetation, soil and livestock, considered the year as the principal component to evaluate the effect and mechanism of annual precipitation on grazing ecosystem characteristics, using the coefficient of variation in terms of ANPP and decrease and increase of functional groups to reveal the ecosystem stability and ecological compensatory effect in grazing ecosystem. The result not only richens the study contents of ecosystem stability, but also provides a guide for adaptive rangeland management plans, which are promoted the ecological and economic sustainable development.

本研究首次采用重复性对比研究，对草原放牧生态系统的稳定性在草-土-畜3个方面的体现进行综合对比，分析年度和载畜率的协同效应，揭示降水量对草地生态系统稳定性维持的影响机制，运用草地植被地上净生产力的变异性和功能群的消长阐明载畜率对放牧系统稳定性和系统内部生态补偿效应的影响，不仅丰富了草原放牧系统的研究，而且对内蒙古荒漠草原草地适应性管理措施的制定和实施具有指导意义。

Results on the effects of grazing by sheep on species and functional group diversities had not led to consensus in different communities: species richness, species diversity, diversities of life forms and water ecological type groups decreased with grazing intensity increased except in the Leymus chinensis + forbs community.

放牧对4种群落物种和功能群多样性的影响随不同的群落而表现不同：物种丰富度、物种多样性、生活型多样性和水分生态类型多样性除羊草杂类草群落外随放牧强度的加大而降低，但适度放牧增加了羊草杂类草群落的上述多样性指标。

The main researching contents included as following:relationships betweenspecies diversity,community richness,vegetation succession,soil volume weight,solu-ble Na+concentration and five soil chemical elements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)concentrationwith grazing intensities in the grassland.Relationships between concentrations,re-serve pools of plant nutrient materials,including five macroelements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg),crude protein,crude fibre,crude fat and total nonstructural carbohydrate,and their allocations in defferent plant parts with grazing intensities in thegrassland.Effects of grazing on Leymus chinensis population were also examined andthat more attentions were paid on the responses of many biological characteristics ofabove-and below-ground plant modules to different grazing intensities.Furthermore,in the respects of plant production,survival rate,tillering ability,total nonstructuralcarbohydrates content and others,the effects of one years different defoliationpatterns on the vitality of Leymus chinensis population were detected.

主要研究内容有：放牧对羊草草地植被和土壤的影响，致力于物种多样性、群落丰富度、植被演替和植物生产量、以及土壤容重、土壤水溶性Na+含量和五种土壤大量营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量等土壤理化性状与放牧强度关系的分析，分析了不同放牧强度与羊草草地草群和羊草种群地上和地下各植物部分中多种营养物质的浓度、贮量及其分配的关系；放牧对羊草种群的影响，注重了羊草种群的地上与地下各植物器官对不同放牧强度的反应和适应性变化，最后，从植物生产量、存活率、分蘖能力以及总非结构性碳水化合物含量等方面，探讨了不同人为去叶方式组合对羊草种群当年和次年生活力的效应。

By utilizing the micrometeorology data of net radiation, soil heat flux, and CO2 concentration at two heights, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed measured by the Japanese and Chinese cooperation team at Naiman District of Inner Mongolia, this paper presents a study of the characteristics of CO2 flux and concentration from different ecosystems (namely dune, grassland, light grazing site, medium grazing site, heavy grazing site, maize field and soybean field).

本文利用1993～1994年日本国家农业环境研究所与中国科学院沙漠研究所合作在内蒙古奈曼地区实测的7种不同生态系统（沙丘、轻度放牧草原、中度放牧草原、重度放牧草原、无放牧草原、玉米田和大豆田）的净辐射、土壤热通量、两个高度的CO2浓度、温度、湿度和风速等资料，采用空气动力学方法，计算了CO2通量及其与环境和人为干扰因子的关系，并分析了不同下垫面的光合作用特征。

与放牧相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

depasturage：放牧权

departure 启程 | depasturage 放牧权 | depasture 放牧

grazing food chain：放牧食物链

grazing district 放牧区 | grazing food chain 放牧食物链 | grazing habit 放牧习性

free-range：自由放牧地[无围栏建设的牧地. ]

free radical 游离基 | free range 自由放牧地[无围栏建设的牧地. ] | free-ranging 自由放牧[不加控制的放牧方式,尤指不设围栏的放牧. ]

grazing season：放牧季

放牧期 grazing period | 放牧季 grazing season | 放牧制度 grazing system

fouled herbage：粪污牧草[在放牧地上家畜排出的粪便污染的牧草]

fouled 粪污的[放牧地被家畜粪尿所污染] | fouled herbage 粪污牧草[在放牧地上家畜排出的粪便污染的牧草] | foundation nursery 原种田

overgraze：无限制放牧,过度放牧

oven烘箱,焗爐 | overgraze無限制放牧,過度放牧 | overload超負荷,超載,負荷過重

pasturing：放牧

pastured animal 放牧动物 | pasturing 放牧 | patagium 翅膜

grazing pressures from pearl millet：珍珠稗的放牧强度

grazing pressure 放牧强度 | grazing pressures from pearl millet 珍珠稗的放牧强度 | grazing selectivity 挑食牧草习性

grazed forest：混牧林; 放牧林

gravity wind 重力风 | grazed forest 混牧林; 放牧林 | grazing capacity 放牧容量; 放牧极限

free range poultry farm：放牧式家禽农场

free range livestock keeping 自由范围禽畜饲养;放牧式禽畜饲养 | free range poultry farm 放牧式家禽农场 | free range poultry keeping 自由范围家禽饲养;放牧式家禽饲养