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In virtue of the image analysis techniques and combined with the aerated water flows questions in hydraulic engineering, the corresponding questions in digital image measurement techniques for gas-liquid two-phase flow are studied.
本文运用数字图像处理与分析技术,结合水利工程中的掺气水流问题,研究水气两相流的数字图像测量技术中的相关问题,主要结论和成果如下:(1)研制了一套用于水气两相流动研究的测量与分析系统。
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The relationship of the aerated water depth and the energy dissipation rate with the step sizes can be obtained theoretically through the equation.
研究表明,前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道具有掺气量与掺气浓度宜于控制,底部掺气充分,抗空蚀性能优越,消能率高,适宜于大单宽流量溢洪道等显著特点,可作为进一步推广应用阶梯式溢洪道的理论和试验基础。
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A self-preservation law of surface apophysis is found and a universal empirical formula is established. Finally, the jet and bubbly jet in flowing ambient are studyed by model and numerical test.
对流动环境中射流、掺气射流亦进行了类似于静止环境中的研究,不同的是给出了流动的转变条件和流速比对流动结构的影响。
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The results showed that (1) The grain size of nanometer YiO_2 was40~80nm.The wavelength corresponding to the maximum absorbency values were observedin the 200~320nm range.The crystal structure of carbon doped TiO_2 photocatalyst is primarilyanatase(22.43% rutile), and the content of carbon is about 4.6%.(2) The relative humidityvaring from 8% to 80%, the photocatalytic degradation degree of benzene increased withincreasing relative humidity; and to toluene, degradation rate was hanced by relative humidityup to 60%, and more or less inhibited above 60%.(3) Scheme and results of orthogonal testswere used by evaluating the photocatalytic performance of the gas phase methanol, acetoneand 1-heptane.The results revealed that their degradation degree reached 84.5%, 93.39% and93.45%, respectively.(4) The 254nm UV lamp showed higher photocatalytic degradation rate.For methanol, acetone and 1-heptane, it was found that photocatalytic degradation reactionoccurs with the light strength of daylight lamp.(5) Under the the same conditions, 15%degradation degree has been obtained for benzene, whilst about 10% degradation degree wasattained by Degussa P25; During the initial phases, the toluene revealed higher photocatalyticactivity, comparing with Degussa P25, the degradation degree of methanol, acetone and1-heptane were slightly lower.
结果表明:(1)CVD法制备的纳米TiO_2光催化剂,颗粒球形度好、粒径在40~80nm之间;最大吸光度值所对应的波长为200~320nm;含碳量约为4.6%;晶型组成主要为锐钛矿型,金红石的含量约为22.43%;(2)在相对湿度为8%~80%范围内,苯的光催化降解率随着相对湿度的增大而增大;甲苯在相对湿度为60%时达到最好降解效果,当相对湿度增大到80%时光催化效果降低;(3)将正交实验设计及实验方案应用于气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷光催化降解研究,实验结果表明:三者最高降解率分别为84.5%、93.39%和93.45%;(4)有254nm紫外灯参与的光催化实验可以大大提高有机气体的光催化降解率;在日光灯的照射下,掺碳纳米TiO_2对气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷具有一定的光催化氧化能力;(5)较P25粉,在相同的光催化操作条件下:气相苯的平均降解率达15%,高于P25粉10%的降解率;气相甲苯在初始阶段具有较高的反应速率;气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷的降解率略低于P25粉。
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The results are the same with the aerated channel flow and have important meaning to practice.
试验结论同样适用于明渠掺气水流,对指导工程实践有重要意义。
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As the same section is concerned, near the bottom the maximum value of frequency appear within 1mm of bubble size, towards the water face this value tend to decrease, yet the corresponding size turns to increase; in the same time, the frequency is concentrated near the bottom and deconcentrated near the water face; under the experiment condition, the maximum frequency of the total section approximately appear at 0.5mm size; mean bubble size access 0 at bottom and increase acceleratively towards water face where tend to be infinite; total number increase during developing of aeration, and become steady when reach wholly developed area; on the same section, the total number in unit time tend to increase at first and decrease then, along the water depth.
对于同一断面,靠近槽底的测点气泡个数分布最大值出现在气泡尺寸小于1mm的范围内,朝水面方向各测点气泡个数分布最大值呈减小趋势,而其对应尺寸则呈现变大趋势;在靠近槽底,个数分布表现得比较集中,而在水面附近气泡个数分布曲线表现得低而平缓;实验条件下,整个断面上的气泡个数分布的最大值大体上出现在尺寸为0.5mm的地方;气泡平均尺寸在槽底处接近于0而朝水面方向迅速增大,且越接近掺气水流的水面,增加速度越快,最终趋于无穷大;气泡总数在掺气发展区内是沿程增加的,当掺气水流发展到一定程度后气泡总数就基本保持不变了;在同一断面上,各测点单位时间内的气泡总数随高度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势。
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aeriform:气体的, 无形的
aerifier | 通气器 | aeriform | 气体的, 无形的 | aerify | 在注入空气, 掺气于, 使气化, 使蒸发
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aerify:在注入空气, 掺气于, 使气化, 使蒸发
aeriform | 气体的, 无形的 | aerify | 在注入空气, 掺气于, 使气化, 使蒸发 | aerinite | 青泥石