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Results MRI findings of central neurocytoma are specific in 5 cases. The ganglioglioma was found in the tempora and occipital lobe in 7 cases,in the brainstem in 1 case, cystic-solid tumor was observed in 5 cases with extramural nodule in 3 cases, obviously thickened gyri were revealed in 1 cases and central necrosis in 2 cases.The 3 cases of Lhermitte-Duclos disease include the specific molecular layer imaging features.
结果 5例中枢神经细胞瘤有一定的MRI特征，3例诊断正确。8例神经节细胞胶质瘤中，7例位于或主要位于颞、枕叶，1例位于桥脑和延髓，表现为囊实性者5例，实性部分位于囊外的有3例，呈实性表现为局部脑回增厚者1例，囊变坏死明显者2例。3例小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤有特征性的条纹状或分层状表现。
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Neuronal cell bodies and fibers with moderate mGluR7-LI were seen in the olfactory bulb,anterior olfactory nucleus,piriform cortex,septofimbrial nucleus,bed nucleus of the strial terminalis,lateral hypothalamic area,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,supramammillary nucleus,medial and lateral mammillary nuclei,most part of the thalamus,medial and lateral geniculate bodies,nucleus of the optic tract,red nucleus,substantia nigra,interpeduncular nucleus,pontine nuclei,lateral parabrachial nucleus,superior olivary complex,nucleus of the trapezoid body,motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve,facial nucleus,ambiguus nucleus,cochlear nucleus,vestibular nuclei,nucleus of the solitary tract,hypoglossal nucleus,prepositus hypoglossal nucleus,medullary reticular formation,Purkinje cells of the cerebellum,nucleus raphe obscurus,intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord,Onuf′s nucleus and lamina X of the spinal cord.
呈中等强度染色的神经元胞体和纤维见于嗅结节、前嗅核、梨状皮质、隔伞核、终纹床核、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑室旁核、乳头体上核、乳头体内、外核、丘脑大部分核团、内外侧膝状体、视束核、红核、黑质、脚间核、桥核、臂旁外侧核、上橄榄复合体、斜方体核、三叉神经运动核、面神经核、疑核、耳蜗核、前庭核簇、楔束外核、孤束核、舌下神经核、舌下神经前置核、中缝隐核、延髓网状结构、小脑蒲肯野细胞层、脊髓中间带外侧核、Onuf核和中央管周围灰质。
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Following brain stem injury,the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in cerebral cortex and pervent-ricular area,dorsomedial and ventro-medial pafts of midbrain at 30 min antemortem,and in periventricular area,dorsomedial part of pens,dorso-medial and ventro-medial part of medulla oblongata at 60 min antemortem.
采取针刺法造成实验大白鼠脑干损伤，用免疫组织化学LSAB法检测大脑、中脑、桥脑及延髓等不同部位脑组织中胶质原纤维酸性蛋白的改变。结果发现，生前损伤30min，大脑顶部灰质及中脑腹例中央部的GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞数目增多；生前损伤60min，除大脑顶部灰质及中脑腹侧中央部外。
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Spontaneous discharges of the rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons were extracellularly recorded by multi-barrelled microelectrodes in urethane-anesthetized rats.
实验用多管微电极细胞外记录氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉的SD大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区神经元的活动。
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After HRP application to the rostral area (n=10), quite a number of labelled cells were distributed at the ventrolateral part of the nucleus of trapezoid body, the lateroventral periolivary nucleus and the retrotrapezoid nucleus. After HRP application to the caudal area (n=10), HRP labelled cells were mainly located at the lateral reticular nucleus and the ventral part of at the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus LPGi. After HRP application to the intermediate area (n=6), only 8HRP labelled cells were observed at the in 6rats. After HRP application to the control area (n=4), only 6HRP labelled cells were found at the rostral ventrolateral reticular nucleus.
大鼠延髓腹外侧表面的头端化学感受区表面敷贴辣根过氧化物酶后，在延髓斜方体核、外周橄榄腹外侧核和斜方体后核均有HRP标记细胞存在；于尾端化学感受区表面敷贴HRP后，在延髓的巨细胞旁外侧核、外侧网状核和舌下神经核有HRP标记细胞存在；于中间区表面敷贴HRP后，在6只大鼠的延髓内部区域仅观察到8个HRP标记细胞；于对照区敷贴HRP后，在4只大鼠的延髓内部区域仅观察到6个HRP标记细胞，散在地分布在头端腹外侧网状核。
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After HRP application, HRP labelled cells were distributed in the nucleus of trapezoid body , lateroventral periolivary nucleus , retrotrapezoid nucleus , lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and lateral reticular nucleus . The findings demonstrated the existence of neural structural relations between the chemosensitve areas and the Tz, LVPO, NRT, LPGi and LRt, and revealed that these nuclei might participate in the mechanism of central chemical regulation on respiration.
观察到用浸有HRP的滤纸局部敷贴于延髓腹外侧表面化学感受区后，在延髓斜方体核、外周橄榄腹外侧核、斜方体后核、巨细胞旁外侧核和外侧网状核等核团找到HRP标记的细胞，表明上述延髓内部核团与腹外侧表面化学感受区之间存在神经结构联系，提示延髓腹外侧表面化学感受区对H〓等物质的化学感受机制可能与上述核团神经元伸向该区的突起有关。
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The results are as follows:(1) immunoreactive neurons of NPY in medulla oblongata of Taihe silky fowl, New jianghan domestic chicken are mainly localized in the inferior olivary nucleus.
结果如下：(1)在泰和乌鸡和江汉鸡的延髓中，NPY阳性神经元主要存在于下橄榄核，网状核及中缝核也少量出现；(2)在泰和乌鸡和肉鸽的小脑中，NPY阳性神经元主要存在于小脑皮质的蒲肯野氏细胞层，且以小叶顶端的蒲肯野氏细胞阳性明显，而小脑皮质的分子层、颗粒层未见阳性反应细胞；(3)泰和乌鸡延髓的网状细胞核非常发达；泰和乌鸡小脑皮质分3层，由外至内依次为分子层、蒲肯野氏细胞层和颗粒层；小脑分10叶，Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅹ为单叶，其余各叶都分为2～3个小叶；(4)非洲鸵鸟迷走神经运动背核和疑核特别发达，孤束核吻侧部不发达。
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Of the 26 lesions with pontine and bulbar involvement, three had no association with other lesions (Fig 2). Twelve were associated with tegmental and superior cerebellar peduncular extension, and six showed corticospinal tract involvement in continuity with an MDJ lesion. In one patient with additional telencephalic lesions, the right side of the pons was hyperintense on long TR/TE images that did not cross the midline, suggestive of an arterial lesion (Fig 3). In two patients with pontine tegmental lesions, there was an associated middle cerebellar peduncle and deep cerebellar white matter involvement (Fig 4). Two others had associated cervical lesions.
在26处脑桥延髓区病灶中，3处病灶仅限于脑桥延髓区，其它部位无病灶（图2）；12处病灶还同时伴有背盖部和小脑上脚/结合臂处病灶；6处病灶为与中脑-间脑接合处病灶相连的皮质脊髓束受累；还有1例患者除端脑见病灶外，右侧脑桥于T2像也见高信号病灶，但未超越正中线，提示可能系动脉病变所致（图3）；2例脑桥背盖部病灶的患者同时伴有小脑中脚/小脑脑桥脚和小脑深部白质受累（图4）；还有2处脑桥延髓区病灶还同时伴有颈髓病灶。
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Fulwiler CE, Saper CP. Subnuclear organization of the efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brian Res 1984;319:229-259.[2]Herbert H, Moga MM, Saper CB. Connections of the parabrachial nucleus with the nucleus of the solitary tract and the medullary reticular formation in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1990;293:540-580.[3]Slugg RM, Light R.
三叉神经脊束间质核(interstitial nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract， INV)为位于延髓闩平面附近三叉神经脊束内及其周围的一些核团，由中、小型梭形、圆形或卵圆形细胞组成，经三叉神经的分支和迷走、舌咽神经接受外周内脏和躯体感觉信息[6，7]。
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The phrenic nerve discharges were recorded by biopolar silver electrode, and the discharges of respiratory neurons were recorded by extracellular glass microelectrode,so the types of neurons were determined by the phasic relationship between the discharges of respiratory neurons and phrenic nerve efferents.
用双极银丝电极记录膈神经传出放电，用玻璃微电极细胞外记录延髓呼吸相关神经元单位放电，根据神经元放电和膈神经放电的时相关系来确定神经元的性质。
- 更多网络解释与延髓外的相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]
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carotid body：颈动脉体
颈动脉体(carotid body)位于颈总动脉分叉处,传入纤维位于窦神经中. 主动脉体(aortic body)散在分布于主脉和肺动脉之间的组织中,传入纤维位迷走神经内. 上述外周化学感受器受到刺激后,其感觉信号分别由窦神经和迷走神经传入至延髓孤束核,
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pica：小脑后下动脉
3.1 小脑后下动脉(PICA)闭塞症 PICA延髓支主要负责延髓外(背)侧区的血供,闭塞后的临床表现又叫延髓外(背)侧综合征或Wallenkerg综合征(上文已述,从略).
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pontocerebellar trigone：脑桥小脑三角
延髓、脑桥和小脑的交角处,临床上称为脑桥小脑三角(pontocerebellar trigone),前庭蜗神经根恰好位于此处,因此该部位的肿瘤除造成听力障碍和小脑损害的症状外,还可压迫位于附近的面神经、舌咽神经和迷走神经,从而产生相应的临床症状.