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This also reflects a tremendous difference between the Tathagatagarbha realizers and non-realizers; all realizers can easily comprehend the real meaning of Buddha's teaching, but the non-realizers, even after reading the statement, still insist that Buddha did not talk about the existence of Tathagatagarbha in The Agama Sutras.
这已显示实证如来藏者与未实证如来藏者间极大的差别,实证如来藏者都能轻易的读出佛陀开示的真正意思,未实证如来藏者则读后仍然坚持说四阿含中佛陀没有说如来藏的存在。
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In addition to expounding "the possibility of realizing Tathagatagarbha," in his article, Tsai also explored the definition of "being" in ontology of Western philosophy, which has been studied for more than two thousand years, explained that Buddha defined "being" in The Agama Sutras with the method of personal realization, and discussed the differences between both definitions.
於是,本会会员蔡礼政先生曾以〈《阿含经》对存有的定义〉一文(注:请见本学报,页23-48;英文版,页209-240),举证《阿含经》中确实有经文明确表达有如来藏常住而且可以实证的圣教;除了论证「实证如来藏是确实可能的」之外,并且探讨西方哲学二千余年来对於存有论中Being的定义,在《阿含经》中释迦牟尼佛是采用实证的方法加以定义,同时论述其中的种种差别。
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From the assumption of individual rationality, based on contracting theory, using normative research method, it is deducible that: a whether earnings management is efficient is not refutable; b opportunistic earnings management is not necessary for positive research; c earnings management is value-irrelevant.
本文分析了当前学术界所面临的盈余管理实证研究理论困境,从个人理性的假定出发,以契约为切入点,运用规范研究方法,先后得出如下的推论:1)效率观盈余管理不可实证;2)机会主义盈余管理观是实证研究中多余的概念;3)盈余管理与公司价值无关。
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This paper studied the earnings managements of the listed companies by dividing the accrual into above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals. And for above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals of 2002, I divided above-the-line-accruals into working capital accruals and nonworking capital accruals. Then I used modified Jones model by adding industry variables to study the new characteristics of earnings management in 2002. This paper provides evidence that the listed companies still used below-the-line accruals as the main earnings management instrument. On the other hand the listed companies also used working capital accruals as one of their earnings management instruments. On the basis of the studies above, I build two proxies of the earnings management.
本文首先通过对2002年上市公司盈余管理的分项实证研究来观察各种制度实施后上市公司利用线下项目进行盈余管理是否得到了一定的遏制,实证过程中采用修正的横截面JONES模型加入行业变量并经过适当变形对上市公司年报线上项目和线下项目,并进一步将线上项目分解出营运资金相关项目和非相关项目两项进行盈余管理的实证研究,发现企业对线下项目的操纵仍然在企业盈余管理中占据主要地位,但从某种程度上看,线下利润的操纵得到了一定的抑制,另外企业对营运资金应计项目的盈余管理也是显著的。
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Mostly it analyzes the population influence with the empirical tool to the real estate market of the satellite town the demand and the supply, at the same time forecast has being made, which in order to research that whether the supply structure will come up to the demand for requirement change.
在本文的实证部分,一开始主要介绍上海卫星城区域人口分布和变化,然后介绍卫星城房地产市场开发的基本状况,主要是区域分布和区域主要特点;重点是用实证工具实证分析了人口导入因素对上海卫星城房地产市场需求方面的影响,同时作了趋势预测,研究供给结构是否符合需求变化的需要。
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Chapter 4 uses empirical analysis to test the convexity and subadditivity of VaR, ES and TCE, and test the validity of VaR and ES by back test in China stock market.
第四章——市场风险度量的实证比较分析采用实证分析方法,以我国股票市场的历史数据为样本数据,对VaR、ES和TCE进行凸性和次可加性检验;通过返回检验对VaR和ES两种风险度量在我国股票市场的有效性进行实证检验。
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Such as L. Robbins who attempted to narrowly define the nature and the scope of economics, the neoclassical economics that sets up rational economics man as the fundamental assumption of behavior, Milton Friedman who maintained the notorious argument of irrelevancy of assumption, the professional economists who are obsessed in the self-help mathematical game in the name of the seemingly right positive studies, all of these efforts have so far never plausibly proved that the positive economics is built upon a solid foundation of methodology.
罗宾斯对经济学研究的性质和研究范围的狭窄界定,新古典经济学的高度简略化的&理性经济人&基本行为假设,弗里德曼的&假设不相关性&观点,乃至专业经济学家们似是而非的&实证&,以及在&实证&旗号下沉湎于数理&自助游戏&中所实际奉行的方法论形式主义,所有这些都未能令人信服地证明:实证经济学具备一个坚实可靠的方法论基础。
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In short, this explorative study for self-identity concept, theory and practice is for the purpose of (1) trying to unitarily understand self-identity concept, in turn to minutely examine the new development of self-identity theory, and to introduce self-identity theories and research methods in western psychology to domestic psychology in order to cause the interest of domestic psychologist to self-identity thesis; and (2) through the empirical study on self-identity of college student, revealing the meaning of self-identity to student development, and the personality characteristics of self-identity status of student, and the characteristics and influential factors of student self-identity development, and the relationship between student self-identity status and mental health condition in order to provide the measurement of empirical study and systematic study data for self-identity researches, in turn to provide basis of theory and method for setting up the theoretical model of Chinese students self-identity; and (3) making up the gaps in empirical researches on self-identity in domestic psychology, opening up a new research domain in colleges and universities student psychology, and enrich the theory on student development researches.
总之,本文对自我同一性概念、理论和实践进行探索性研究,旨在(1)尝试对自我同一性作整合统一的理解并在此基础上,详细考察自我同一性理论的新发展,试图将西方心理学自我同一性理论的发展引入国内心理学,以引起国内学者更多的关注;(2)通过对大学生自我同一性的研究,揭示自我同一性对大学生发展的含义、大学生自我同一性状态的人格特征、大学生自我同一性发展的特征和影响因素、大学生自我同一性状态与心理健康水平的关系,进而为自我同一性的研究提供实证研究的测量工具以及系统的实证资料,为建立中国大学生自我同一性的理论模型提供理论和方法上的基础;(3)弥补国内自我同一性实证研究的空白,开辟大学生心理学研究的新领域,丰富大学生发展研究的理论;(4)当代大学生自我同一性问题的研究既是青年心理学、教育心理学和学校心理学的重要课题,也能为大学生发展和大学教育实践提供心理学依据,特别是在强调创新教育和推进大学素质教育的今天具有重要的实践意义。
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On the other hand, if someone regards any part of aggregates, fields or divisions as the permanently dwelling and non-perishable dharma, he will become the non-Buddhist with permanence view, who does not eliminate his self-view yet.
这种只允许自己主张实证如来藏,却不许他人主张如来藏可以实证,又认同辖下单位否定自己实证之可能性的作法,岂不是极为严重的宗教偏见与歧视?
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This article also explores the advancements of the methodologies used in bank merger studies and conc...
本文还对银行并购实证研究的方及分析工具的演变进行了探索,指出尽管实证研究表明银行并购并未带来显著的绩效方面的收益,但银行业并购一直没有减弱,对这一&并购悖论&的解释、增强实证研究的说服力和理论扩展是银行并购研究深化的方向。
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comtist:实证主义者
occultist 神秘学者,术士 | comtist 实证主义者 | 252.kantist 康德学派的人,康德主义者
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Empirical evidence:实证
这里的EEE,代表了经济(economy)、实证(empirical evidence)和探索(explore)三大主题. EEE 系列活动是推进教、学、研互动的重要形式. EEE系列>学生自主研究与竞赛活动报名非常踊跃,形成了多个讨论小组,选题覆盖面广,充分调动了学生学习的主动性,
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empiricism:实证论
empiricism 经验主义 | empiricism 实证论 | empiricism in psychology 心理学经验主义
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scientific empiricism:科学实证论
scientific dogma 科学定理 | scientific empiricism 科学实证论 | scientific evolution 科学进化
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positive jurisprudence:实证法学
实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence | 实证法学 positive jurisprudence | 实质条款 material stipulation
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positivism:实证论/实证主义
Comtism 孔德哲学, 实证哲学 单词词性>[哲](法国哲学家孔德的)实证哲学,实证论,实证主义( positivism)
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positivist:实证主义者
迈厄斯(Myers,M.)则区分了三类教学研究人员:理性主义者(rationalist)、实证主义者(positivist)和情境主义者(contextualist). 在他看来,"实证主义者"的研究所践履的即是科查伦一史密斯与利特尔所提到的"过程一产出范式".
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positivist:实证主义者,实证哲学家
constructivist 构成派成员 | positivist 实证主义者,实证哲学家 | reservist 后备军人,在乡军人
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empirical researches:实证研究
双轨过渡:empirical research | 实证研究:empirical researches | 实证研究:Empirical Study .
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positivists:实证法学家
实证法 (-:-) positive law | 实证法学家 (-:-) positivists | 实质审查原则 (-:-) examination-as-to substance principle