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Sori borne on the basal segments of the pinnules, indusium cylindrical, mouth hardly dilated and lobed; receptacle protruding, curved, dark brown.
孢子囊群生於小羽片的基部裂片上；囊群盖筒状，口部几不扩大和分裂；囊群托长而突出，弯曲，黑褐色。
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Sporangiophore A structure bearing sporangia.
孢囊梗：着生孢子囊的结构（参见 sporangium ）。
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Results We discovered that under starvation conditions, the long, flexible rod cell of Cytophaga hutchinsonii would bend and turn into circular cell. The circular cell failed to produce carboxymethyl cellulase. Some of the circular cells might further wind around and turn into tiny spherical cells.
发现在饥饿状态下，长杆状菌体开始逐渐弯曲，菌体两端靠近成环形，环形菌体又进一步盘绕收缩成微小球形体，微小球形体在一定条件下能像生孢噬纤维菌的小孢囊一样萌发形成长杆状菌。
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A reproductive structure found in ferns comprising a collection of sporangia borne on a cushion of tissue termed the placenta.
囊群：蕨类植物中由着生在被称作胎座的海绵组织上的孢子囊集合而成，是一种繁殖器官。
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It"s vegetal mycelia were colorless, smooth, 1.2μm～3.0μm crude, manyconidiogenous cells born on vegetal mycelia, sometimes as many as a dozen,a very small number were single. The base of conidiogenous cell wasenlarged and many of them were bottle-shaped or spherical. The upper ofconidiogenous cell extended into a conidiogenous axis of 1μm wide and 14μm length which was the knee-bending ("Z like bending), there were small pectinae on the axis, conidium located on the small pectina.
营养菌丝无色，光滑，有隔，粗1.0μm～3.0μm，产孢细胞常浓密簇生于菌丝或泡囊上，有时可多达十几个，极少数单生，产孢细胞基部膨大，多为瓶形，近球形，颈部明显延长成粗1μm，最长达14μm的产孢轴，呈膝状弯曲，轴上具小齿突，分生孢子位于小齿突上。
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columella：囊轴
此时气生菌丝的顶端,成为孢子囊梗,以一种称作囊轴(columella)的完全隔膜与营养菌丝相隔离(图2.24). 顶端的细胞质分化形成一个孢子囊,内含许多无性孢子. 这些孢子中含有单倍体的核,来自于营养菌丝体中核的反复有丝分裂.
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sorus：囊群
孢子叶聚集成穗状或球状,称孢子叶穗(sporophyll spike)或孢子叶球(strobil);较进化的真蕨类其孢子囊常成群聚生在叶的背面或边缘,称为孢子囊群(sorus);也有的(如瓶尔小草)集生在一个特化的孢子叶上称孢子囊穗(sporangiate spike);
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monangium; monangial sorus：单生(孢子)囊堆;单生孢子囊群
单生(孢子)囊堆;单生孢子囊群 monangial sorus; monangium | 单生(孢子)囊堆;单生孢子囊群 monangium; monangial sorus | 单花的 monanthous; monanthus
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monangial sorus; monangium：单生(孢子)囊堆;单生孢子囊群
单雄蕊性的;有单一藏精器的 monandrous | 单生(孢子)囊堆;单生孢子囊群 monangial sorus; monangium | 单生(孢子)囊堆;单生孢子囊群 monangium; monangial sorus
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sporangium：(孢囊)
鞭毛在细胞表面的着生方式多样,主要有一端单毛菌(monotrichaete)、一端丛毛菌(lophotrichaete)、两端鞭毛菌(amphitrichaete)和周毛菌(peritrichaete)等几种,现举例并表解如下:在产芽孢的细菌中,芽孢囊(sporangium)就是指母细胞的空壳.
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sterigma：小梗
无性生殖发达,由菌丝体上产生大量分生孢子梗,其顶端膨大成球状,叫做孢囊(visicle),在孢囊的整个表面生出很多放射状排列的小梗(sterigma)小梗单层或双层,小梗顶端长出一串串球形的分生孢子.
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zoospore：游动孢子
(1)游动孢子(zoospore):形成于游动孢子囊(zoosporangium)内. 游动孢子囊由菌丝或孢囊梗顶端膨大而成. 游动孢子无细胞壁,具1-2根鞭毛,释放后能在水中游动. (3)分生孢子(conidium)产生于由菌丝分化而形成的分生泡子梗(conidiophore)上,
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Albugo：白锈属
仅含白锈属(Albugo)1个属. 为害植物的地上部,产生白色疤状的孢子囊堆,因此通称为白锈病. 腐霉属(Pythium)的特征是丝状、裂瓣状、球状或卵形的孢子囊着生在菌丝上. 孢子囊顶生或间生,无特殊分化的孢囊梗. 腐霉属真菌在霜霉目中是较低等的,
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cysticolous：孢囊生的
cysticercus | 囊状幼虫 | cysticolous | 孢囊生的 | cystid | 囊状体
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rattlepated：头脑空虚的, 愚蠢多嘴的
sporangiosorus [生]孢囊群 | thurification 焚香,烧香 | rattlepated 头脑空虚的, 愚蠢多嘴的