头索动物的

基本解释 (translations)

cephalochordate

与头索动物的相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Here we show that a TH derivative, triiodothyroacetic acid, induces metamorphosis in the cephalochordate amphioxus.

科学家通过研究发现，甲状腺激素的衍生物，一种叫做TRIAC的物质，在头索动物文昌鱼中诱导了变态。

Amphioxus, a cephalochordate, is believed to be the closest living relative of the vertebrate. It is often regarded as an important model animal for phylogenetic studies on the evolution of animals from invertebrate to vertebrate.

文昌鱼是头索动物，被认为是现存的与脊椎动物最接近的无脊椎动物，经常被看作是分析从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物进化过程的一种重要的模式动物。

In fact, this discovery filled the gaps of evolution from cephalopod to the vertebrate.

头索动物与脊椎动物之间的演化空白由此得以填补。

Any of various small, flattened marine organisms of the subphylum Cephalochordata, structurally similar to the vertebrates but having a ''.'notochord'.

蛞蝓鱼类任一种体形较小的头索动物纲的扁平海洋动物，它们在结构上与脊椎动物类似，但只有一个''。

Firstly,the presence and location of AAT in amphioxus was studied by Westernblotting and immunohistochemical methods.The results first revealed that AATpresent in amphioxus,a cephalochordate.Also it was demonstrated that AATdistributed in cellular plasma in hepatic diverticulum,the pouch that protrudesforward as an outpocketing of the digestive tube and extends along the right side ofthe posterior part of the pharynx,which has long been considered to be the precursorof vertebrate liver.In vertebrate,AAT is primary synthesized in liver.

我们首先利用免疫组化和Western blotting方法，研究了AAT在文昌鱼的组织表达和定位，首次在头索动物文昌鱼中证明了AAT的存在，结果显示，AAT定位于文昌鱼肝盲囊的细胞浆内，从AAT在文昌鱼中的合成部位来看，在功能上文昌鱼的肝盲囊等同于脊椎动物肝脏，肝盲囊是在发育分化过程中消化道组织向右前方突出沿着咽后部向前扩展和延伸形成的一个囊袋状结构。

In this study, the genomic structure and regulatory elements of ApoD from 10 representive species including protozoan, invertebrate, protochordate and vertebrate were analyzed and compared. The genomic structure of ApoD is less conserved in organisms from protostome to deuterostome invertebrates, while it is highly conserved among chordates including amphioxus and verebrates. All four conserved cysteine residues are present in amino acid sequence of deuterostome ApoDs, while there are only two cysteine residues in amino acid sequence of protostomes ApoD. Structure divergence between protostome and deuterostome ApoD proteins suggests their function difference. The majority of regulatory elements are present in nearly all organism ApoD genes ranging from unicellular protozoan to mammals, suggesting that ApoD plays a very fundamental role, and possesses a conserved regulatory mechanism. However, there also exist some specific regulatory elements, which are present only in certain species and may perform some special roles.ApoD mRNA expression in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to various stresses such as as hydrogen peroxide and UV light shows dose-dependent increase. And a fly homolog of ApoD, Glial Lazarillo, whose overexpression results in increased resistance to hyperoxia as well as a extension of lifespan under normoxia and resistance to starvation without altering lipid or protein content.

本文首先从生物信息学角度对分属于原生动物、无脊椎动物、头索动物和脊椎动物类群的10种动物ApoD的基因结构及调控区的调控元件进行分析及比较，发现：(1)ApoD基因外显子-内含子结构从原生动物草履虫到原口动物再到后口动物海胆的进化过程中不保守，但在分析的几种脊椎动物中相当保守；(2)文昌鱼ApoD基因扮演从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物承上启下的角色，可能代表了脊椎动物ApoD基因原型；(3)四个半胱氨酸保守位点在后口动物中都存在，而在原口动物中只存在两个，原口、后口动物ApoD蛋白一级结构上的差异反映蛋白功能上可能也存在一定差别；(4)调控区大多数主要调控元件为不同动物共有，说明ApoD主要功能及其表达调控在进化中相当保守；(5)ApoD基因个别调控元件是随着物种进化而出现并开始发挥相关作用，如SF-1；还有一些调控元件在进化过程中还没有发现其规律，这说明ApoD某些功能和基因表达调控模式可能因物种不同而存在一定的差异。

与头索动物的相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

cephalochordate：头索动物 头索动物的

cephalocele | 脑膨出 | cephalochordate | 头索动物 头索动物的 | cephalochromin | 头孢色菌素

hepatic vein：肝静脉

由肝门静脉的毛细血管再一次合成肝静脉(hepatic vein)并将血液汇入静脉窦内. 这类动物通常少活动,大部时间将身体埋在泥沙中,仅以前端露出沙外,借水流带食物进入口中. 它们的脊索纵贯全身,且伸延到神经管的前面,故称头索动物,或全索动物.

paedogenesis：幼体生殖

有人认为在寒武纪早期,尾索动物的幼虫发生了幼体生殖(paedogenesis)的现象,其生殖器官在变态之前就成熟了. 经过了天择,尾索动物的幼虫发展出了分节的肌肉和强壮的骨骼来支撑身子,并且因为头的形成对适应环境有相当的优越性,

Subphylum Cephalochordata：头索动物亚门

头索动物亚门( Cephalochordata) 二,头索动物亚门(Subphylum Cephalochordata) 脊索和神经管纵贯于全身的背部,并终生保留.咽鳃裂众多.本亚门仅头索纲 (Cephalo-chorda)一个类群,体呈鱼形,体节分明,表皮只有一层细胞,头部不显,故称 无头类(Acrania).

acrania：无头类

这类动物有纵贯全身的脊索,而且脊索延伸到神经管的前面,故称头索动物;又因文昌鱼没有真正的头和脑,另有无头类(Acrania)之称. 它是既象鱼又象蠕虫的动物,但血统上跟鱼及蠕虫相差很远. 厦门市海洋渔业局近几年已经开展了文昌鱼的人工饲养和增殖放流工作,

Branchiostoma：文昌鱼

文昌鱼(Branchiostoma) 脊索动物,外形像小鱼,体侧扁,长约5厘米,半透明,头尾尖,体内有一条脊索,有背鳍、臀鳍和尾鳍.生活在沿海泥沙中,吃浮游生物.文昌鱼说它是"鱼",实际上并不是鱼.厦门的文昌鱼,属于脊索动物门的头索动物亚门,也叫全索亚门.

Branchiostomidae：文昌鱼科

文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)隶属脊椎动物门(Chordata)头索动物亚门(Cephalochor-data)文昌鱼科(Branchiostomidae),是由无脊椎动物进化到脊椎动物的过渡物种.自1774年Pallas发现文昌鱼以来,它一直受到动物学界重视,

Cephalochordata：头索动物亚门

属于脊索动物门(Chordata)头索动物亚门(Cephalochordata). 为小型海生动物,广泛分布于世界温暖地区海岸水域,温带水域略少见. 文昌鱼属于脊索动物门的头索动物亚门,也叫全索亚门. 这类动物有纵贯全身的脊索,而且脊索延伸到神经管的前面,

Craniata：(有头类)

又称无头类(Acrania),以文昌鱼为代表;二是尾索动物亚门(Urochordata),又称被囊类(Tunicata),例如海鞘,这两类都是原始的脊索动物,不具有脊椎;第三个就是我们最熟悉的有头类(Craniata)之一的脊椎动物亚门(Vertebrate),

Protochordata：原索动物

是水生脊索动物的呼吸器官. 第四,心脏在腹面,闭馆式循环系统(尾索动物除外). 无脊椎动物若有心脏则在背面. 脊索动物现在约有50000种,分为尾索动物亚门、头索动物亚门和脊椎动物亚门. 尾索动物和头索动物通称原索动物(Protochordata).