地壳构造的

基本解释 (translations)

geotectonic

与地壳构造的相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The major methodology is the structural analysis of crusted and lithosphere structures. The subject emphasize on the study of the basic characteristics, observation methods of small to middle scale structures. The course introduces the origin of fault, fold, joint, foliation and lineation, and the research method and thinking of modern structural geology.

构造地质学以构造分析作为研究地壳或岩石圈构造的方法论，主要研究中、小型尺度的基本构造特征、分类和观测方法，介绍断层、褶皱、节理、叶理和线理构造成因机制的基本理论及现代构造地质学的研究方法和思路。

Through the experiments of three kinds of models mentioned above, the structural deformations of "outflow-extension","strike-slip-extension" and "uplifting-extension" are studied and some viewpoints involving that the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere controls the extensional structures are stated as follows:(1) Regional extensional structure does not result from the direct extension along the upper crust, but from the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere and its dragging and stretching the upper crust;(2) Deformation of continental extensional structure resulted from the active uplifting of mantle is conditional that the significant extension occurs only in the models with free- or outflow-boundary condition on both sides, whereas the passive uplining of mantle exists widely, because it is an inevitable consequence of the efiect of thermo-gravity isostasy;(3) Strike-slip shearing in the lower ductile lithosphere, including site-restricted and site-unrestricted shearing, can result in various types of extension structures;(4) The"graben-horst"type extensional structures can be formed in difierent mechanisms, including outnow-extension, shear-extension, uplifting-extension and their synthetical action.

通过上述三种模型的模拟试验，比较系统地研究了"泄流-伸展"、"走滑-伸展"和"上隆-伸展"等构造变形，提出岩石圈下层塑性流动控制了各种伸展构造变形的观点，主要包括以下几方面：(1)区域性伸展构造不是上层直接受到拉伸，主要是下层流动牵引上层伸展；(2)地幔主动上隆引起大陆伸展构造变形是有条件的，需要侧边伸展或不受约束的边界条件，而被动上隆广泛存在于地壳断裂或减薄部位，是热和重力均衡的必然结果；(3)下层塑性流动中的走滑剪切，包括限位剪切或非限位剪切，可以引起不同型式的伸展构造；(4)总结了"堑-垒"型伸展构造的多种成因机制，包括泄流、走滑、上隆及综合作用均可形成"堑-垒"构造，但组合形式不尽相同。

Of the five stages deformation, the exact ages of the (2) and (3) were determined by 40Ar/39Ar method as 290 and 259 Ma respectively.2. New results on the metamorphic belts and associated metamorphism of the Xiaopu metamorphic rocksBased on detailed microtextural observations and occurrence of typical metamorphic minerals, five metamorphic belts in the Xiaopu metamorphic rocks are identified. From the north to the south, they are biotite belt, garnet belt, staurolite belt, andalusite belt, and sillimanite belt. I suggested that the metamorphic belts occurred in the Xiaopu area belongs to the high temperature/low pressure series, may have resulted from the later Permian crust extension at ca. 290 Ma.3. I suggest that there may have been a Carboniferous backarc basin along the southern slope of the Harlik Mountain.Detrital Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicated that the sedimentary age of the Julideneng formation lithic sandstone must be later than late Devonian, most likely is Carboniferous rather than previously thought Precambrian. Analyses on its geologic setting, location of provenance, and sedimentary environment suggest the Carboniferous strata may form in a lagged backarc basin bounded by backarc uplifts.5. Reconstruction of the post-Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the Harlik MountainThe tectonic evolution of Harlik mountains since the Paleozoic were reconstructed as followings:(1) arc-affinity magmative activities occurred during the middle-Ordovician to early-Silurian;(2) the middle-Silurian to late-Devonian was a back-arc uplift stage;(3) back-arc extension featured the Carboniferous period;(4) post-collisional extension and/then compression during Permian;(5) at the Mesozoic, differential uplift developed; and (6) the late Cenozoic is the intra-continental re-orogen stage.6. Primary estimation of the crust shortening is madeThe folded pre-Mesozoic strata were used to estimate crust shortening along the Harliknanshankou-Koumenzi, Shichengzi-Baishitou, and Qincheng-Xiaopu sections. Their shortening ratios are 16.2%, 19.8%, and 20.1% respectively corresponding crust shortening are 4.3, 9, and 11.3 km.

根据Ar-Ar热年代学研究，精确测定了早二叠世伸展变形和晚二叠世挤压变形的峰期时代分别为290Ma和259Ma.2、提出了关于哈尔里克山南麓小铺一带变质带和变质作用的新认识根据显微观察资料和特征变质矿物的出现，把小铺一带的变质岩由SW向NE方向依次划分为黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带、红柱石带和矽线石带等变质带；初步确定该区的变质作用属于中温-低压型，变质作用发生的时代为290Ma左右，是该区早二叠世地壳伸展的产物。3、首次提出哈尔里克山南麓在石炭纪可能发育弧后盆地的新观点根据哈尔里克山南麓原"居里得能组"岩屑砂岩的碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年，确认这套地层的沉积不早于晚泥盆世，很可能是石炭纪，而不是前人所说的前寒武纪；结合对其区域地质背景、源区位置和沉积环境分析，推测该区石炭纪可能为滞后弧后盆地和弧后隆起区构造背景。4、进一步证明哈尔里克山不发育与岛弧演化相关的泥盆纪岩浆活动根据对代表性闪长岩和花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究获得的新资料，结合该区已有相关资料的综合研究，确定哈尔里克山岩浆岩分别形成于奥陶纪-志留纪和石炭纪晚期-二叠纪，不存在泥盆纪的岩浆岩，进而认为该区泥盆纪不属于岛弧环境。5、重建了哈尔里克山古生代以来的地质演化过程根据区域资料以及本次研究所获得的资料，把哈尔里克山古生代以来的构造演化划分中奥陶世-早志留世为岛弧、中志留世-晚泥盆世为弧后区、石炭纪弧后伸展、二叠纪为后碰撞伸展与挤压、中生代差异隆升和晚新生代陆内再造山过程等构造阶段。6、初步估算了哈尔里克山地壳缩短率和缩短量根据前中生代地层褶皱估算的哈尔里克山南山口-口门子、石城子-白石头和沁城-小铺三条剖面的地壳缩短率分别为16.2%、19.8%和20.1%，相应的地壳缩短量分别为4.3km、9km和11.3km。

Basin floors generated at different times will exhibit a hierarchical sequence of crustal structure and epeirogenic behaviour.

不同时期生成的盆地底板，将显示地壳构造的等级次序和造陆性质。

With the development of seismic sounding technology in recent years, it can be well detected and become an important physical parameter for understanding deep structural features and corresponding geodynamic mechanism.

地壳深部岩石的弹性波各向异性包含着地壳形变的重要信息，并且是可以利用地震测深技术进行探测的地球物理特性，因此，其也就成为人们了解地壳深部构造特征，分析其成因，探讨其动力学含义的重要岩石物理参数。

In this paper, the stress and strain fields of lithosphere in Himalayan Western Syntaxis orogenic belt and its adjacent areas since 10Ma are investigated through using the 3-D finite-element simulation, and deformation and evolution process in former 2Ma are simulated with different rheological parameters and rheological structure. Studies on functions in simulation process of different viscosity parameters, constitutive relation and changes of initial curst thickness show below results:(1) When various viscoelastic models are adopted, the selection of the coefficient of viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area has important influence on the its uplifts and evolutions. The computational results show that the viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area should be smaller than 1023Pa·s;(2) When the elastic model is adopted in relatively rigid Tarim basin, obvious changes are induced to the stress and strain fields of the whole Western Syntaxis area;(3) The existence of mechanical property stable block doesn′t make the propagation of the stress field show obvious decoupling phenomenon.

用数值模拟的方法探讨了自10 Ma以来喜马拉雅弧形造山带的西构造结及邻区岩石圈的形变和位移变化特征，并采用不同的流变参数和流变结构模拟了前2 Ma内的形变和应力场的演化过程，通过对不同黏性系数、本构关系和初始地壳厚度的改变在演化过程中所起的作用研究表明：（1）采用黏弹性模型时，西构造结区黏性参数的选取对西构造结及邻区隆升高度和隆升范围有重要影响，计算结果给出西构造结区地壳黏性系数应小于1023Pa·s；（2）相对刚性的塔里木盆地采用弹性结构时，对整个西构造结区域的应力和应变场均能引致明显变化；（3）力学性质稳定块体的存在并没有使应力场的传播出现明显的解耦现象。

The high-grade metamorphic terrain of Hengshan located at the hinderland of North China Carton in northern part of Shanxi province, China, is a middle-lower crustal transition area of the typical continental crustal profiles of the Wutaishan—Hengshan—Datong—Jining of the early Precambrian etamorphic terrain in China.The Hengshan gneisses of the amphibolite—granulite facieses metamorphic terrain consist of the TTG gneisses and the horizontal adding mantle materials. The Supracrustal rocks in this area are composed of the mafic volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks. The plenty of granitoid magma activities are the result of anatexes.

中文题名恒山中深变质岩区构造样式副题名外文题名 Tectonic styles of the high-grade metamorphic terrain of Hengshan 论文作者苗培森导师宋鸿林教授学科专业构造地质学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国地质大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数88页关键词中深变质岩区构造地质恒山区域构造地质馆藏号BSLW /2003 /P548 /4 位于华北克拉通近中部的恒山中深变质岩区，亦即恒山高级变质岩区，是从五台山—恒山—大同—内蒙集宁这一浅变质岩区至中深变质岩区的我国早前寒武纪典型大陆地壳剖面代表中下地壳过渡带的地区。

Of the five stages deformation, the exact ages of the (2) and (3) were determined by 40Ar/39Ar method as 290 and 259 Ma respectively.2. New results on the metamorphic belts and associated metamorphism of the Xiaopu metamorphic rocksBased on detailed microtextural observations and occurrence of typical metamorphic minerals, five metamorphic belts in the Xiaopu metamorphic rocks are identified. From the north to the south, they are biotite belt, garnet belt, staurolite belt, andalusite belt, and sillimanite belt. I suggested that the metamorphic belts occurred in the Xiaopu area belongs to the high temperature/low pressure series, may have resulted from the later Permian crust extension at ca. 290 Ma.3. I suggest that there may have been a Carboniferous backarc basin along the southern slope of the Harlik Mountain.Detrital Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicated that the sedimentary age of the Julideneng formation lithic sandstone must be later than late Devonian, most likely is Carboniferous rather than previously thought Precambrian. Analyses on its geologic setting, location of provenance, and sedimentary environment suggest the Carboniferous strata may form in a lagged backarc basin bounded by backarc uplifts.5. Reconstruction of the post-Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the Harlik MountainThe tectonic evolution of Harlik mountains since the Paleozoic were reconstructed as followings:(1) arc-affinity magmative activities occurred during the middle-Ordovician to early-Silurian;(2) the middle-Silurian to late-Devonian was a back-arc uplift stage;(3) back-arc extension featured the Carboniferous period;(4) post-collisional extension and/then compression during Permian;(5) at the Mesozoic, differential uplift developed; and (6) the late Cenozoic is the intra-continental re-orogen stage.6. Primary estimation of the crust shortening is madeThe folded pre-Mesozoic strata were used to estimate crust shortening along the Harliknanshankou-Koumenzi, Shichengzi-Baishitou, and Qincheng-Xiaopu sections. Their shortening ratios are 16.2%, 19.8%, and 20.1% respectively corresponding crust shortening are 4.3, 9, and 11.3 km.

根据Ar-Ar热年代学研究，精确测定了早二叠世伸展变形和晚二叠世挤压变形的峰期时代分别为290Ma和259Ma.2、提出了关于哈尔里克山南麓小铺一带变质带和变质作用的新认识根据显微观察资料和特征变质矿物的出现，把小铺一带的变质岩由SW向NE方向依次划分为黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带、红柱石带和矽线石带等变质带；初步确定该区的变质作用属于中温-低压型，变质作用发生的时代为290Ma左右，是该区早二叠世地壳伸展的产物。3、首次提出哈尔里克山南麓在石炭纪可能发育弧后盆地的新观点根据哈尔里克山南麓原&居里得能组&岩屑砂岩的碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年，确认这套地层的沉积不早于晚泥盆世，很可能是石炭纪，而不是前人所说的前寒武纪；结合对其区域地质背景、源区位置和沉积环境分析，推测该区石炭纪可能为滞后弧后盆地和弧后隆起区构造背景。4、进一步证明哈尔里克山不发育与岛弧演化相关的泥盆纪岩浆活动根据对代表性闪长岩和花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究获得的新资料，结合该区已有相关资料的综合研究，确定哈尔里克山岩浆岩分别形成于奥陶纪-志留纪和石炭纪晚期-二叠纪，不存在泥盆纪的岩浆岩，进而认为该区泥盆纪不属于岛弧环境。5、重建了哈尔里克山古生代以来的地质演化过程根据区域资料以及本次研究所获得的资料，把哈尔里克山古生代以来的构造演化划分中奥陶世-早志留世为岛弧、中志留世-晚泥盆世为弧后区、石炭纪弧后伸展、二叠纪为后碰撞伸展与挤压、中生代差异隆升和晚新生代陆内再造山过程等构造阶段。6、初步估算了哈尔里克山地壳缩短率和缩短量根据前中生代地层褶皱估算的哈尔里克山南山口-口门子、石城子-白石头和沁城-小铺三条剖面的地壳缩短率分别为16.2%、19.8%和20.1%，相应的地壳缩短量分别为4.3km、9km和11.3km。

In this paper, the environment of tectonism occurrence, the similarities and differences of the subsurface fluid force and tectonic stress, and the influence of the subsurface fluid and fluid force on multi-forms of tectonism are analyzed first.

分析了地壳构造变动产生的环境、构造应力与流体力的异同性以及地下流体及流体力对多种形式的构造变动的影响。

Based on these results, we analyzed seismic activity along subsurface faults and within crust, lateral variations of velocity anomalies at different depths and their relations with geological tectonics, crustal anisotropy of the mantle anomalous area beneath the west Tien Shan and possible dynamic mechanism.

以此为基础，我们分析了浅表层断裂和地壳深部的构造活动、不同深度速度异常的横向变化与重要地质构造的关系、天山西部地幔异常区地壳深部的各向异性特征和可能的深部动力机制等。

与地壳构造的相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

migmatite：混合岩

地壳中的构造应力往往具有三轴变粒岩(leptynite)是具有等粒的粒状变晶结构(图124)的变质岩石. 片麻岩(gneiss)由片状变晶矿物和粒状矿物组合而成,其中片状矿物主要是黑云母,定向排列. 混合岩(migmatite)是在区域变质很深的情况下,变质过程中产生的流体与变质岩本身相互

orogeny：造山作用

学者们认为,在用活动论研究大地构造时,必须以对立统一的思想,把裂陷作用(Tophrogeny)和造山作用(orogeny)以及相关的剪切作用联系起来进行研究. 板块汇聚产生的造山作用使地壳和岩石圈缩短,形成造山带等挤压型构造;

plate tectonics：板块构造学说

板块构造学说(Plate tectonics)是在大陆漂移学说和海底扩张学说的基础上提出的. 板块构造,又叫全球大地构造. 所谓板块指的是岩石圈板块,包括整个地壳和莫霍面以下的上地幔顶部,也就是说地壳和软流圈以上的地幔顶部. 新全球构造理论认为,

tectonics：构造学

是广义构造学(Tectonics)的一个分支学科,是固体地球科学的一门基础课程.它是研究地壳和岩石圈的物质组成,结构构造及其形成,发生,发展,演化规律和机理的一门学科,其主要研究内容是地质体在力的作用下发生变形而形成的各式各类构造地质现象的...

thin-skinned tectonics：薄皮构造

所谓"随电荷递增电薄皮构造 薄皮构造(thin skinned tectonics)是瑞克(J.L.Rick,1934年)提出. 前陆沉积盖层在基底上滑脱变形,基底没有被卷入,盖层变形的褶皱-逆冲带向下终止于地质构造 地壳中的岩层地壳运动的作用发生变形与变位而遗留下来的形态.

uplift：隆起

4、隆起(uplift)泛指地壳上不同成因的上升构造. 这一术语无尺度大小和形态的限制,例如穹窿、拱曲和变质核杂岩构造等. 而这种上升可以直接起因于垂向地壳运动,也可以由侧向挤压或伸展所导生.

crustal movement：地壳运动

在地质学中一般将由内动力所引起的地壳岩石发生变形和变位的机械作用称为构造运动(tectonism),有些学者则称之为地壳运动(crustal movement). 二十世纪60年代兴起的板块构造学说,证明大规模的地壳运动实际上是岩石圈板块在软流圈上漂移的结果(见本书第三章第三节),

craton：克拉通

垂直运动速度缓慢、幅度小,沉积作用广泛而较均一,岩浆作用、构造运动和变质作用也都比较微弱. 地台区的外形呈近似圆形,直径可达数千千米,是地壳大地构造中相对稳定的构造单元. 在文献中有"克拉通"(Craton)一词,意义大致与此相当.