- 更多网络例句与地壳相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]
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To use isostasy theory, this paper analyzes the causes of the great earthquakes. The loading amount of the Tibetan Plateau is reduced by glacial ablation, the springback of the top of the upper crust is caused. The isostasy is broken and the great earthquake is induced.
运用地壳均衡理论，分析了近年来青藏高原周缘地区特大地震的成因，即随着全球气候的变暖，青藏高原大陆冰川迅速消融，冰川的消融使青藏高原的荷载量突然减轻，触发了下地壳顶面的回弹，进而产生了向上的垂向力，打破了地壳的均衡和青藏高原地壳表层的负载平衡，诱发了青藏高原周缘地区频频发生特大地震。
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Except for Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, the results derived from lithospheric isostasy model are closer to observed elevations and consistent with vertical velocities of crustal movement in most tectonic units.
通过对均衡状态分析，我们得到以下主要结论：(1)构造稳定地区均衡程度较高；(2)青藏高原及周边造山带现今地壳运动主要为区域构造过程及深部动力学过程所控制，均衡调整过程不是主要控制因素；(3)现今地壳垂直运动比较明显的块体处于均衡调整阶段，地表垂直运动的大小反映了该区所受的均衡力作用的程度；(4)构造稳定地区基于岩石层均衡的理论计算海拔与观测海拔之差值和现今地壳垂直运动速率有较好的相关性，据此我们可以通过均衡分析研究构造块体的运动趋势和动力学性质；(5)地慢热结构对现今地形、海拔及地壳垂直运动有显著影响，在处理均衡问题时，地慢岩石圈热结构是我们必须考虑的重要因素。
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On the background of collision between India plate and Eurasia plate and uplifting of Tibet, the viscosity lower crustal flow induced crust thicken extensively, and driven upper middleup crust break into some big and small subblocks. The continental deformation features in SYR, including remotion of rigid subblock through the movement of huge slip faults and extensive crustal thickening, are not fit "Crustal thickening" mode or "Continental extrusion" mode.
川滇地区的大陆变形特征既存在广泛的地壳增厚现象，同时在下地壳塑性流动的驱动下，中、上地壳破碎成大小不一的块体，变形特征表现出整体刚性，因而不能简单地套用"地壳增厚"或"大陆逃逸"模式。
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Of the five stages deformation, the exact ages of the (2) and (3) were determined by 40Ar/39Ar method as 290 and 259 Ma respectively.2. New results on the metamorphic belts and associated metamorphism of the Xiaopu metamorphic rocksBased on detailed microtextural observations and occurrence of typical metamorphic minerals, five metamorphic belts in the Xiaopu metamorphic rocks are identified. From the north to the south, they are biotite belt, garnet belt, staurolite belt, andalusite belt, and sillimanite belt. I suggested that the metamorphic belts occurred in the Xiaopu area belongs to the high temperature/low pressure series, may have resulted from the later Permian crust extension at ca. 290 Ma.3. I suggest that there may have been a Carboniferous backarc basin along the southern slope of the Harlik Mountain.Detrital Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicated that the sedimentary age of the Julideneng formation lithic sandstone must be later than late Devonian, most likely is Carboniferous rather than previously thought Precambrian. Analyses on its geologic setting, location of provenance, and sedimentary environment suggest the Carboniferous strata may form in a lagged backarc basin bounded by backarc uplifts.5. Reconstruction of the post-Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the Harlik MountainThe tectonic evolution of Harlik mountains since the Paleozoic were reconstructed as followings:(1) arc-affinity magmative activities occurred during the middle-Ordovician to early-Silurian;(2) the middle-Silurian to late-Devonian was a back-arc uplift stage;(3) back-arc extension featured the Carboniferous period;(4) post-collisional extension and/then compression during Permian;(5) at the Mesozoic, differential uplift developed; and (6) the late Cenozoic is the intra-continental re-orogen stage.6. Primary estimation of the crust shortening is madeThe folded pre-Mesozoic strata were used to estimate crust shortening along the Harliknanshankou-Koumenzi, Shichengzi-Baishitou, and Qincheng-Xiaopu sections. Their shortening ratios are 16.2%, 19.8%, and 20.1% respectively corresponding crust shortening are 4.3, 9, and 11.3 km.
根据Ar-Ar热年代学研究，精确测定了早二叠世伸展变形和晚二叠世挤压变形的峰期时代分别为290Ma和259Ma.2、提出了关于哈尔里克山南麓小铺一带变质带和变质作用的新认识根据显微观察资料和特征变质矿物的出现，把小铺一带的变质岩由SW向NE方向依次划分为黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带、红柱石带和矽线石带等变质带；初步确定该区的变质作用属于中温-低压型，变质作用发生的时代为290Ma左右，是该区早二叠世地壳伸展的产物。3、首次提出哈尔里克山南麓在石炭纪可能发育弧后盆地的新观点根据哈尔里克山南麓原"居里得能组"岩屑砂岩的碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年，确认这套地层的沉积不早于晚泥盆世，很可能是石炭纪，而不是前人所说的前寒武纪；结合对其区域地质背景、源区位置和沉积环境分析，推测该区石炭纪可能为滞后弧后盆地和弧后隆起区构造背景。4、进一步证明哈尔里克山不发育与岛弧演化相关的泥盆纪岩浆活动根据对代表性闪长岩和花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究获得的新资料，结合该区已有相关资料的综合研究，确定哈尔里克山岩浆岩分别形成于奥陶纪-志留纪和石炭纪晚期-二叠纪，不存在泥盆纪的岩浆岩，进而认为该区泥盆纪不属于岛弧环境。5、重建了哈尔里克山古生代以来的地质演化过程根据区域资料以及本次研究所获得的资料，把哈尔里克山古生代以来的构造演化划分中奥陶世-早志留世为岛弧、中志留世-晚泥盆世为弧后区、石炭纪弧后伸展、二叠纪为后碰撞伸展与挤压、中生代差异隆升和晚新生代陆内再造山过程等构造阶段。6、初步估算了哈尔里克山地壳缩短率和缩短量根据前中生代地层褶皱估算的哈尔里克山南山口-口门子、石城子-白石头和沁城-小铺三条剖面的地壳缩短率分别为16.2%、19.8%和20.1%，相应的地壳缩短量分别为4.3km、9km和11.3km。
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The research indicates there is a large left-lateral movement trend in the eastern China, which covers nearly a half of the area of Chinese mainland and affects the crustal movement in the entire eastern China and its adjacent areas. It is considered that the present-day coastline of China seas is just resulted from such a left-lateral movement, and Stype coastline will be more curved in the future.
研究表明：中国东部的地壳运动存在着一个大的左旋运动态势，其范围覆盖近一半的中国陆地面积，影响着中国整个东部和周边区域的地壳运动，中国东部现今的海岸线形态可能很大程度上归因于这种地壳运动，而且中国海岸线的"S"形曲线将会随着地壳运动变得更加弯曲。
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Based on the settings and geological and geochemical characteristics of granitoids of different orogenic belts (exemplified by orogenic granitoids in Altay, East Kunlun, Yanshan in North China, Northeast China and Nanling in South China), the relationships between granitoids and continental crustal growth are discussed, and five modes of continental crustal growth in the continent of China are proposed;they are as follows:(1)the Altay mode of continental growth is that the material and heat of the Paleozoic convertive mantle formed on the background of the Paleo-Asian Ocean were input into the Paleozoic continent and mixed with the materials of the upper crust;(2) the East Kunlun mode is that the basement of the Proterozoic orogenic belt was reworked by the heat input and materials of the Paleozoic-early Mesozoic convective mantle formed on the background of TTG continental crust of the Proterozoic orogenic belt;(3) the Northeast China style is that the Phanerozoic continental crust was reworked by the heat input and materials from the convective mantle formed on the background of the Yanshanian Central Asian orogenic belt;(4) the Yanshan mode is that the Archean basement was reworked by the heat input and materials from the Yanshanian convective mantle;and (5) the Nanling mode is that in South China what was input by the Yanshanian convective mantle into the continent was mainly heat and subordinately materials and the crustal material recycle was the dominant mode for the continental growth (showing zero continental growth).
根据不同造山带花岗岩的形成背景，地质地球化学特征差异，以阿尔泰，东昆仑，华北燕山，东北和南岭造山带花岗岩为例讨论花岗岩与大陆地壳生长的关系，区分出中国大陆的5种大陆地壳生长方式：阿尔泰式是古亚洲洋背景上形成的古生代对流地幔物质，热输入和上地壳混合为主的方式；东昆仑式是元古代造山带TTG陆壳背景基础上古生代—早中生代对流地幔物质和热输入，改造元古宙造山带基底的方式；东北式是燕山期中亚造山带背景上对流地幔物质和热输入改造显生宙陆壳的生长方式；燕山式是燕山期对流地幔物质和热输入改造太古宙基底的方式；南岭式燕山期对流地幔输入大陆的是以热为主，物质为辅，大陆地壳生长是以陆壳物质再循环为主的生长方式。
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The characteristics of elements shows that magma of fine dioritequartz diorites derived from the enriched mantle or lower crust undergone ocean crust subducting and dehydrating, and was formed and emplaced in the process of crust growth. The magma of dioritic porphyritedacitic porphyries emplaced relatively late, it might derive from upper crust or undergo intensive contamination of crustal materials, and was formed in the proces of crust thining. These characteristics suggest that the geodynamics background of the Jinchanggouliang gold deposit formation is the transition process from compression to extension.
元素地球化学特征显示：细晶闪长岩-石英闪长岩的岩浆源于富集地幔或洋壳俯冲脱水交代的下地壳，地壳增厚过程产生并就位；闪长玢岩-英安斑岩类的岩浆就位相对晚，来源具有上地壳性质或被地壳物质强烈混染，地壳减薄过程形成；这种特征暗示金厂沟梁金矿形成的地球动力学背景是在地壳挤压增厚转化为伸展减薄过程。
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Bounding in eastern Fenghuang, similar to Te, the crustal thickness can also be divided into two sections: northwest high value section and southeast low value section, and there is roughly a positive correlation between crustal thickness and effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere, namely higher crustal thickness value corresponding to relatively higher Te value and lowerer crustal thickness value to relatively lower Te value, which reflects that the lithospheric strength is directly proportional to the crustal thickness in regional tectonic background.
以凤凰东为界，与Te值类似，地壳厚度也可以宏观分为南东低值段与北西高值段，地壳厚度大体上与Te值呈正相关关系，相应较大地壳厚度对应较高的Te值，较小地壳厚度对应较低的Te值，说明在大的区域构造背景下，岩石圈强度与地壳厚度成正比。
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Based on the regional tectonic evolution, combined with the high precision isotopic ages from this paper and other geologists, we have some new acquaintances as follows: 1 There has no Caledonian granite belt distributed in north margin of North China Craton. So, the traditional evolving model of North China Carton, which formed on this idea and the acquaintance about the collision of North China plate and Siberian plate, must be incorrect; 2 The age date show that the earliest magmatic activity began since late-Palaeozoic Permian, which is inconsistent with the previous idea that there were Caledonian and Hercynian active continental margin in the north of North China Craton and in the south Xingkai Massif. 3 the crust and lithosphere were thickened by the subduction and collision of Siberia plate and North China plate during Late Paleozoic. The magma is formed when the crust is heated and melts caused by thickened lithosphere delamination and caused the Asthenosphere upwelling. But only a little basaltic magma erupted, most magma underplate under the bottom of the crust. Thermal energy derived from basaltic magma underplating made the middle and lower crust melt partially and the late Permian-early Triassic granites is formed in large scale.
根据区域构造演化分析，并结合本文及他人高精度同位素年龄，我们对延边花岗岩形成的大地构造环境有了新的认识：1在华北地台北缘并不存在所谓的加里东花岗岩带，因此，建立在此之上的传统的华北地台北缘演化模式及有关西伯利亚板块与华北板块的碰撞拼合的认识也必然是不正确的；2华北地台北缘和兴凯地块南缘不存在加里东期和海西期花岗岩带，表明两地块边缘最早的花岗质岩浆活动始于晚古生代的二叠纪，即不存在传统观点所认为的加里东期或海西期活动陆缘；3晚古生代由于西伯利亚板块与华北板块的俯冲碰撞，致使地壳和岩石圈增厚，导致加厚岩石圈发生拆沉作用，使得软流圈上涌，加热地壳使之熔融形成岩浆，但玄武质岩浆少量喷出地表，大部分底侵于地壳底部，形成下地壳高密度的玄武质底侵层，玄武质岩浆底侵的热能引起中下地壳广泛部分熔融，形成大面积分布的晚二叠世—早三叠世花岗岩。
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During the stUdy of the infiuence of the undeopund water and the crustal movement that belong to the non4idal changes of the gravity field, the induence of the waer recycle on gravity is first exPlained and the correction formula of the underground water influence is Studied, and then after the effeCt of crund movemeni on gravity is analysed, the correction formula of the infiuence of the crUStal movement on graVity is discussed and set uP in tWo kinds of movement that is, in vertical and horizonta directions.
在 重力场的非潮汐变化中的地下水和地壳运动影响中，首先揭示了水循环对重力的影响，研究了地下水影响改正公式，然后在分析地壳运动对重力的影响后，分地壳垂直和水平运动讨论和建立了地壳运动对重力影响的改正公式。
- 更多网络解释与地壳相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]
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Clarke：地壳元素百分比
地壳应力 crust stress | 地壳元素百分比 clarke | 地壳运动 crustal movement
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crust：地壳
有一个说法是,地壳(crust)是附在denser的地幔 mantle(容易被shape,也很厚3,000km)上的一个薄层. (原文就是这样以括号的形式出现的,考题问题是,选不对的,答案是,地壳the most容易被shape). 给地壳压力,它就下沉,没有压力,它就上浮,
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crustal derm：地壳表层
crustal deformation 地壳形变作用 | crustal derm 地壳表层 | crustal disturbance 地壳变动
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diastrophism：地壳变动,地壳变形 地殼變動
diaspore 传播体 散布繁殖體 Y | diastrophism 地壳变动,地壳变形 地殼變動 Y | diatropic 横向性的 橫屈曲性 Y
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crustal movement; diastrophism：地壳变动
地壳重荷 crustal loading | 地壳变动 crustal movement; diastrophism | 地壳跳回 crustal rebound
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glacio isostasy：冰川地壳均衡;冰河地壳均衡
glacier tongue 冰舌 | glacio isostasy 冰川地壳均衡;冰河地壳均衡 | glacioclimatology 冰河气候学
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subcontinental crust：亚大陆地壳,过渡型地壳
亚大陆 subcontinent | 亚大陆地壳,过渡型地壳 subcontinental crust | 陆相剥蚀 subcontinental denuation
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crustal dynamics：地壳动力学;地壳动态
crustal downwarping 地壳下挠 | crustal dynamics 地壳动力学;地壳动态 | crustal evolution 地壳演化
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diastrophic belt：地壳活动带,地壳运动带
地壳运动 diastrophe | 地壳活动带,地壳运动带 diastrophic belt | 变动地块 diastrophic block
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observation of earth crust deformation：地壳形变观测(大坝库区地壳形变观测)
地壳 earth crust | 地壳形变观测(大坝库区地壳形变观测) observation of earth crust deformation | 地幔 earth mantle