固体化

基本解释 (translations)

solidification  ·  soldifying

与固体化相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Thin film electroluminescence has made possible a new type of terminal display which is totally solid and flat.

平板显示技术是信息时代对终端显示的基本要求，薄膜电致发光显示器具有全固体化平板显示的特点，是一种全新的终端显示器件。

The major content of this course includes: calculation, measurement and control of solid surface composition, the structure of solid surface, electronic potential, energy band structure and surface energy state of solid, the action between gas and solid surface, chemistry behaviors of molecular on solid surface (chemisorption and catalysis of solid surface), activation and passivation of solid surface, fundamental principle and application of photo and electricity surface reaction, design of solid surface functional materials, and etc.

基本内容包括：固体表面组成计算、测定与调控，固体表面结构表示方法、测定与控制，固体表面电子势和表面态、固体表面能带结构以及固体能带的测定，固体表面的功能、气体-固体表面间的作用以及气体-固体表面作用的研究方法，分子在固体表面上的化学行为(化学吸附和固体表面催化作用)，固体表面的活化与钝化，光电表面化学反应基本原理及应用，固体表面功能材料的设计等领域。

Pressure characteristics and condition of cavitation incipience were analyzed.

在沿固体表面法线方向减速运动阶段，由于液体离开固体表面的惯性使得液体与固壁面间产生低压，当固体表面运动加速度超过某个临界值时，液体因压力低于空化临界压力而发生空化，空化与固体表面结构及液体流动特性有关。

The ammonia was evaporated under decreasing pressure, and the precipitate was filtered off and the liquid was poured into hot saturated picric acid solution to get picrate with a yield of 85.0%. The optimum process starting from imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid was: imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid in acetic anhydride was refluxed to get imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, and the product was esterification in ethanol with a catalyzer of concentrated sulfuric acid to get ethyl imidazole-4-carboxylate, at last the compound above was reduced by LiAlH4 in ether at room temperature to get the target compound, the total yield of this route was 49.6%.

以4，5-二羧酸咪唑为原料的较佳工艺：1 脱羧反应：4，5-二羧酸咪唑40g，醋酐1200ml，回流10h，过滤并将滤液浓缩至干，所得固体加至50%的乙醇溶液回流，过滤并将滤液自然冷却过夜，过滤得固体；2 酯化反应：4(5)-羧酸咪唑50g，乙醇1000ml和浓硫酸60ml，加热回流2h，5%浓度NaOH溶液调节至pH＝8，减压浓缩至干，加入少量水回流，自然冷却过夜并过滤得固体；3 还原反应：LiAlH410g，乙醚300ml和4(5)-羧酸咪唑乙酯28g，常温反应1.5h，小心滴加25ml水后过滤，滤渣溶于300ml甲醇中并过滤，收集所得乙醚和甲醇滤液浓缩至干，将所得固体溶于300ml乙醇中加热回流，后将溶液浓缩至约30ml，冷却并过滤得固体，该路线总收率为49.6%。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area;2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support;3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier;4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling;5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene PolymerizationIn this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that:1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS;2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours;3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现；3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布；4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒；5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明：1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致；2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响；3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area; 2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support; 3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier; 4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling; 5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization In this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that: 1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS; 2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours; 3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现； 3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布； 4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒； 5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明： 1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致； 2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响； 3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

Methyl α-naphthaleneacetate was synthesized by using α-naphthaleneacetic acid and methanol as raw materials and solid superacid TiO2/SO42- as a catalyst.

以固体超强酸TiO2／SO42-为催化剂，研究了α-萘乙酸与甲醇的酯化反应，探讨了催化剂种类、用量及活化温度等反应条件，发现固体超强酸TiO2／SO42-对α-萘乙酸与甲醇的酯化反应具有较高的催化活性，并使后处理简化。

The following conclusions have been gotten from a large amount of experiments and determinations: Triiodide, pentaiodide, heptaiodide, nonaiodide, undecaiodide of solid tetra-n-butyl ammonium polyiodides and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide polyiodides can be synthesized by solid phase process which is a economic easy way, while its not suitable for synthesizing solid tetramethyl ammonium polyiodides; Solution polyiodides of triiodide, pentaiodide can be synthesized through the complexation process, and TX-10 is a better complexing agent; Triiodide, pentaiodide, heptaiodide resinic polyiodides were synthesized by ion-exchange of resinifying process, and that is a viable easy way.

在大量实验和分析的基础上，可得到以下结论：用固相法可以合成出碘三、碘五、碘七、碘九和碘十一形式的正四丁基多碘化铵固体高聚碘和四丁基多碘化溴化铵固体高聚碘系列化合物，是制备高聚碘的经济、方便的合成方法，但此法对合成四甲基多碘化铵固体高聚碘系列化合物并不适用；TX-10是合成溶液高聚碘较佳的络合剂，通过其络合作用可以合成出碘三和碘五形式的溶液高聚碘；采用树脂法，通过离子交换，合成出了碘三、碘五和碘七形式的树脂高聚碘，此法简单可行。

As to the high polarity, high boiling point resultant—trimesic acid, the analysis methods of infrared spetrum, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, vapour-phase chromatography, acid number titration and so on are seperately used to characterize its property. Infrared spetrum and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy are used to have a qualitative analysis on the resultant and are compared with the stand diagram. Sulfuric acid-methanol esterification and rapid esterification are used to prepare the trimesic acid trimethyl-ester and have a FID quantitative analysis. So that we make sure the purity of trimesic acid in the resultant and also we have an acid alkali titration on the resultant to get its acid number, in order to verify the purity of trimesic acid in the resultant.

对于高极性、高沸点的固体产物均苯三甲酸，分别采用红外光谱、气质联用、气相色谱、酸值滴定等分析手段进行了表征：利用红外光谱、气质联用的方法进行产物的定性分析，并与在同一仪器、同一条件下做出的标准谱图进行比对；采用硫酸-甲醇酯化法和快速酯化法制备出均苯三甲酸三甲酯，对其进行气相色谱FID定量分析，进而确定固体产物中均苯三甲酸的纯度；用酸碱滴定法确定固体产物的酸值，以对固体产物中均苯三甲酸的纯度进行验证。

Its comprehensive coverage focuses on research on the effects of microgravity in various production and fabrication processes, including solidification.

它的广泛报导集中在对微重力在各种各样生产和制造过程，包括固体化中的作用研究。

与固体化相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

esterification：酯化

我们都熟悉酯化过程,酯化(esterification)一般是酸与醇在催化剂作用下,反应成为脂的过程,酯化往往是两个互不相溶液相之间,在固体(也可能是液体)催化剂作用下的一级对峙平衡反应,亲核试剂是醇,离去基团是水;逆反应是酯的水解:亲核试剂是水,

fluidization：流[态]化

流化床生物反应器(Fluidized bed bioreactor)是通过流态化(Fluidization)来强化固体颗粒与流体相之间混合、传质和传热的反应装置. 实现流态化的能量是输入反应器的流体所携带的动能,这种流体既可以是液体,也可以是气体,或者两者皆是.

solidified：固化的/固体化的

solidifiable /可变硬/可充实/可固化/可凝固/ | solidified /固化的/固体化的/ | solidify /团结/巩固/

solidified：固体化的

solidified 固化的 | solidified 固体化的 | solidity 固体性

shear thickening：剪切稠化

即为膨胀性(Dilatancy)又叫剪切稠化(Shear thickening). 如固体含量高的悬浮液、增塑剂加入少的分散体、加入大量填料的体系,都会出现这种现象. 在配方中尽量避免出现膨胀性. 支化 当相对分子质量相同时,分子链是直链型还是支链型及其支化程度,

vitrification：玻璃化

玻璃化(vitrification)是指利用物理学原理将高浓度的抗冻保护剂急速降温后,由液态转化为外形类似玻璃状的稳定而透明的非晶体化固体状态的过程.玻璃化的固体保留了液体正常的分子和离子分布,可以视为一种无序黏稠的超冷液体,

sodium hydrosulphide solid fused：固体熔融硫氢化钠

sodium hydrosulfite 连二亚硫酸钠,保险粉 | sodium hydrosulphide solid fused 固体熔融硫氢化钠 | sodium hydroxide treatment 氢氧化钠处理

congealing：固体化

conformer 构象子,构象异构体 | congealing 固体化 | congelation 冻凝(作用)

all-sliming：全泥浆化,全微粒化

all sky camera ==> 全天空照相机 | all sliming ==> 全泥浆化,全微粒化 | all solid insulated underground substation ==> 全固体絶縁地下変電所

sodium hydrosulphide solid fused：固体熔融硫氢化钠

sodium hydrosulfite ==> 连二亚硫酸钠,保险粉 | sodium hydrosulphide solid fused ==> 固体熔融硫氢化钠 | sodium hydroxide treatment ==> 氢氧化钠处理