四分体的

基本解释 (translations)

tetradic

与四分体的相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

In some tetrads, the four nuclei were fused to form onelarge cell with increased chromosome number.

这两种小孢子发育的异常只发生在两个植株的部分四分体中，甚至于同一个四分体的个别细胞中。

Barley seeds were irradiated with five different doses of 60 Co-γ ray.There were many kinds of chromosome aberration in pollen mother cells,such as bridge,laggards in anaphase I and anaphase II,asymmetrical division in anaphase I and asynchronous division in anaphase II,ring quadrivalent in metaphase I,three pole division and micro-nuclei in telophase I,micro-nuclei in tetrad and some micro-nucleus separates from the tetrad to form polyad.

大麦种子经5种不同剂量γ射线辐照后， M1植株的花粉母细胞出现多种染色体畸变类型，例如后Ⅰ、后Ⅱ中出现桥、落后，后Ⅰ中出现不对称分裂，后Ⅱ中出现不同步分裂，中期Ⅰ出现环状四价体，末期Ⅰ中有三极分裂和微核，四分体中出现微核且有的微核独立于四分体，从而形成多分体。

In the functional cell such as archesporial cell,megasporocyte,dyad,tetrad and youngmegaspore,among which the three cells close to micropyle end do not degeneratewholly,no clear starch grains were observed as well as in the embryo sacs from singlenucleate embryo sac to 8-nucleate one just forming.

淀粉粒变化有规律性，在孢原细胞、大孢子母细胞、二分体、四分体和早期的大孢子（即四分体中近珠孔端的3个细胞未完全退化）等功能性细胞中未观察到明显的淀粉粒。

Results showed that the PMC meiosis of autotetraploid was similar to the diploid except some particularities. In metaphase Ⅰ, multivalent, quadrivalent, trivalent, bivalent and univalent were observed and some of the chromosomes were found not to rank on the metaphase plate and so did in metaphase Ⅱ cells. In anaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅱ cells, there were lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridge and fragment. During anaphase Ⅱ and telophase Ⅱ, chromosome segregation was not synchronous or equal. At tetrad stage, dyad, triad, tetrad with micronucleus and polyad appeared.

结果表明，同源四倍体花粉母细胞减数分裂过程与二倍体相比，中期Ⅰ染色体构型复杂，有多价体、四价体、三价体、二价体和单价体；中期Ⅰ及中期Ⅱ有部分染色体没有排列在赤道板上；后期Ⅰ及后期Ⅱ出现落后染色体、染色体桥及断片；后期Ⅱ和末期Ⅱ有染色体不同步分离及不等分裂的现象；四分体时期还出现二分体、三分体、含微核的异常四分体及多分体。

F1 hybrid has the morphological feature which is between the male and female parents and shoed strong heterosis, exuberant vitality, late ripe period and low rate of self-fertility. The average chromosome configuration of F1 in PMC MI was 18.58Ⅰ+18.59Ⅱ+0.085Ⅲ+0.028Ⅳ. At anphase Ⅰ in PMC, some laggard chromosomes arranged in equatorial plate. Micronucleus and a lot of abnormal cells can be observed at dyad, tetrad and microspore.

杂种F1形态特征介于双亲之间，具有较强的杂种优势，生长旺盛，熟期晚，自交结实率较低。F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为18.58Ⅰ+18.59Ⅱ+0.085Ⅲ+0.028Ⅳ，PMC后期Ⅰ观察到部分落后染色体排列在赤道板上；二分体、四分体和小孢子时期，细胞内普遍观察到微核，且出现大量异形细胞。

Most important, though, were the many memorable characters encountered along the way, including the eccentric Dr. Shaia, the infamous tetrad of Sinistrals, and of course, the mysterious Lufia herself.

最重要的是，虽然，被许多难忘的人物所遇到的在前进的道路上，包括偏心博士shaia ，臭名昭著的四分体的sinistrals ，当然，神秘的lufia自己。

The observation showed that sterile plants and fertile plants in the pollen mother cell stage is not very different, when microspore mother cells of male sterile plants enter meiosis period, it could form normal tetrad cell , tetrad cell is normal in early development stage, In the uninucleate microspore stage , tapetal cells were vacuolization, the microspores were extruded to the middle by tapetal cells.

本研究利用石蜡切片法，结合光学显微镜技术对樱桃萝卜核质互作雄性不育系的不育株和对应保持系可育株的花药发育过程进行细胞形态学观察，观察结果表明：不育株与可育株在花粉母细胞时期差别不大，不育株的花药小孢子母细胞进入减数分裂期后，可以正常的形成四分体，四分体前期发育正常，而在单核小孢子期绒毡层细胞出现液泡化，绒毡层细胞向中间挤压小孢子。

Under low temperature condition, fertility restoring, anther developing normally, the tetrads formed after archesporical cell, sporogenous cells and microspore mother cell. Subsequently, microspores were free from the tetrad of fertile anther and formed mature pollen grains, tapetumof the fertile anthers began to disintegrate and disappear at last.

在低温处理条件下，育性恢复，花药发育正常，经过孢原细胞期、造孢细胞期、花粉母细胞期后，可以顺利形成四分体，可育花药的四分体可以释放出小孢子并发育为成熟的花粉粒，同时绒毡层细胞开始解体，最后消失。

Paraffin slides observation found that the microspore of the RNMS line failed to vacuolate after its morphogenesis, disassembled and disappeared at last. After microspore morphogenesis, the breaking down of tapetum cells was delayed until microspore breading down.

石蜡切片细胞学观察，发现该隐性核不育能形成正常的四分体孢子，四分体释放出小孢子后，在单核花粉进入液泡化时小孢子的发育异常，不进行正常的液泡化，逐渐开始解体和消失；相应的绒毡层在小孢子形成后的降解延迟，绒毡层细胞的体积略有增大，在小孢子降解快结束时也很快解体。

The situation of abnormal development of male cells is as follows:microspore mother cell can't enter into meiosis because of intense vacuolation,shrink and disintegration of its cytoplasm;although vacuolated microspore mother cell can enter into meiosis,it can't form normal dyad and degenerate in the middle process;dyad and tetrad become vacuolated and can't develop normally;cytoplasm of microspore shrinks around the nucleus at the stage of central nucleus microspore,the shape of microspore is twisted into crescent or irregular shape,at last its cytoplasm and nucleus are disintegrated and crescent vacant microspore presents;nutritive substances can't be accumulated at the stage of vacuolated microspore,cytoplasm is disintegrated,and microspore turns into a big vacant pollen.

雄性细胞异常发育有几种情况：小孢子母细胞强烈液泡化，细胞质收缩解体，不能进入减数分裂；小孢子母细胞液泡化，虽能进入减数分裂，但不能形成正常二分体而中途退化；二分体、四分体细胞液泡化，不能进行正常发育；单核小孢子中央期，细胞质收缩包围核，小孢子形状扭曲呈月牙形或不规则形，最终细胞质和核解体而呈月牙形的空壳小孢子；单核液泡期的小孢子不能积聚营养物质，细胞质解体而成为大的空壳花粉粒。

与四分体的相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

bivalent：二价体

在光镜下可以看到两条结合在一起的染色体,称为二价体(bivalent). 每一对同源染色体都经过复制,含四个染色单体,所以又称为四分体(tetrad). 3)粗线期:持续时间长达数天,此时染色体变短,结合紧密,在光镜下只在局部可以区分同源染色体,

octant：八分体

顶端细胞先要经过二次纵分裂(第二次的分裂面与第一次的垂直),成为4个细胞,即四分体时期;然后各个细胞再横向分裂一次,成为8个细胞的球状体,即八分体(octant)时期.

tetrad：四分体

该书介绍了"四分体"(tetrad)或者说媒介的四种法则,它们用作分析任何媒介或革新的影响和意义时的结构. 波兹曼(Postman)是媒介环境学真正的开山之父,因为正是在他的学术领导下,许多学术著作得以整合,形成了媒介环境学的经典理论基础,

tetraspore：四分孢子

形成联会复合体(SC). 染色体仍主要集中在核仁周围,但开始有所散开. 染色体形成新的子核,同时细胞质又分成两部分. 这样经过两次分裂,形成四个子细胞,称为四分体(tetrad)或四分孢子(tetraspore). 每个孢子只有母细胞一半的染色体.

phylogenetic memory：族生[系生]记忆

tetracytes 四分体细胞 | phylogenetic memory 族生[系生]记忆 | foliated [建]有叶形装饰的

Psilophyton：裸蕨

茎的解剖构造,具简单的维管束组织和典型的原生中柱,表皮具有角质层和气孔. 孢子囊卵圆形,成对着生于叉枝顶端,由数层细胞组成的厚囊壁,孢子60~100微米,孢壁光滑,均为四分体,同形. 已发现有莱尼蕨(Rhynia)、裸蕨(Psilophyton)等.

terminalization：端化

是前期Ⅰ的最后一个阶段,此期染色质又被包装压缩成染色体. 大多数核仁消失,四分体均匀地分布在核中. 染色体交叉逐步向染色体端部移动, 称为端化(terminalization). 最后四分体只靠端部交叉使其结合在一起, 姐妹染色单体通过着丝粒连接在一起.

tetrachromic：四色视的

tetrachromatism视觉四色说 | tetrachromic四色视的 | tetrad四分体