周层

基本解释 (translations)

perisphere

与周层相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

MethodsThe thickness of nuchal skin of 900 normal fetal was measured by abdominal ultrasound with 7.5 MHz probe.

结果孕 2 7周前正常胎儿颈项皮肤只能显示全层；≥ 2 7周可显示表皮真皮层和皮下组织层。厚度范围：( 1.18± 0 。0 5 )mm ( 10周)～( 6.0 1± 0 。46)mm ( 4 0周)。

The nuclei were clear and the cell was well-stacked. Double layer structure could be seen in part of areas, displayed as monostratal keratinocytes linked with string-like cells. Most of keratinocytes differentiated into double layers, and cells linked with others with cable-like structure. The nuclei still could be seen.

部分区域细胞出现双层结构，表现为单层的角质形成细胞上面铺有连接成条索状的细胞。3周的角质形成细胞大部分为双层结构，异层及同层细胞之间彼此衔接，呈索形结构，细胞核仍然清晰可见，细胞不如2周时饱满。4周的角质形成细胞部分区域为三层结构，且细胞较前变得萎缩，表现为细胞浆减少，细胞核变小。

CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in spleen, and B lymphocyte mainly is IgG~+ cell, moreover the amount of these B lymphocytes could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocyte subset after 7 days. CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in tonsil of appendix, and B lymphocyte is IgM~+ cell, and the amount could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocytes after 35 days. After 21 days, B lymphocytes in esophago tonsil are the main IgA~+ cells and the amount exceeds CD3~+ lymphocytes. The amount of CD4~+ lymphocytes is more than CD8+ lymphocytes.4. CD3~+、CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes in spleen mainly distribute in periarterial lymphoid sheath. However IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells mainly distribute in ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath and germinal center. T lymphocytes in appendix tonsil mainly distribute in middle and inferior part of mucous and the B lymphocytes mainly in middle and mucous between 4~7 days. Whereafter T, B lymphocytes equably distribute in mucous. CD4~+ cells arrange tightly and mainly occupy the central part in aggregates of T lymphocytes in esophago tonsil and CD8~+ lymphocytes mainly distribute in periphery. Meanwhile B lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of T lymphocytes. The aggregates of B lymphocytes is mainly the germinal center with lots of IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells. Meanwihle T lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of B lymphocytes.5. There is an intimate relationship between the development of tissue structure of peripheral immune organs and lymphcytopoiesis. The maturation of tissue structure is stimulated by the immigration of lymphocytes and the mature tissue structure provides place where lymphocytes grow mature and functionate.

脾脏在21日龄时达到稳定，食管扁桃体和盲肠扁桃体均在35日龄时达到稳定；脾脏中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞则以IgG~+细胞为主，并在7日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞以IgM~+细胞为主，并在35日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；21日龄后，食管扁桃体中B淋巴细胞以IgA~+细胞为主，数量超过CD3~+细胞，CD4~+细胞的数量多于CD8~+细胞。4、在T、B淋巴细胞组织定位方面，脾脏中CD3~+、CD4~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘中，而IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞主要分布在椭球周围淋巴鞘和生发中心中；4～7日龄时，盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞主要分布在粘膜固有层的中下部区域，而B淋巴细胞则主要分布在中上部区域，随后各日龄T、B淋巴细胞均匀地分布在粘膜固有层中；在食管扁桃体的T淋巴细胞聚集物中，CD4~+细胞紧密排列，主要占据中央部位，CD8~+细胞主要散布在外周，同时B淋巴细胞又环绕在整个T淋巴细胞聚集物的外周；B淋巴细胞聚集物主要为生发中心，其中存在大量IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞，同时T淋巴细胞又环绕在整个B淋巴细胞聚集物的外周。5、外周免疫器官的组织结构发育和淋巴细胞发生之间存在密切的关系，淋巴细胞迁入淋巴器官刺激组织结构的发育成熟，同时成熟的组织结构又为淋巴细胞发育成熟并行使功能活动提供场所。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

RESULTS: FGFR1-positive chondrocytes were abundant in the maturative layer and hypertrophic layer, but only few FGFR1-positive chondrocytes were found in the proliferative layer. In the control group, the expression of FGFR1 increased from 6-week-old to 10-week-old rats, and then decreased and went stable. In both young and adult group, the expression of FGFR1 in the experimental group was significantly lower at 4, 6 weeks and higher at 8 weeks than that in the control group, especially in the young group (P.05). But no difference was found between the experimental group and the control group at 2 weeks in both groups. CONCLUSION: FGFR1 may play an important role in the remodling of condylar cartilage induced by occlusal disorders.

结果：FGFR1主要表达在大鼠髁突软骨过渡层和肥大层，增殖层很少；正常组大鼠髁突软骨从6周龄到10周龄FGFR1表达逐渐增强，10周龄后降低，并保持在一个稳定水平；成年组和幼年组实验4、6周时FGFR1的表达均显著低于对照组，实验8周时的表达高于对照组(P.05)，幼年组尤为明显，实验2周组与对照组无显著差异。

Results: 1 Intense ERα immunoreactivity localized in the hypertrophic and maturative layer, and some immunoreactivity was found in osteoblasts of mandible and temporal bone, while no immunoreactivity was found in the disc and synovium. 2 The expression of ERα in male rats TMJ cartilage was higher than that in female ones. 3 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells decreased with age, which kept stable after 16 weeks of age. 4 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells was stable from birth to 8 weeks, but decreased from 16 weeks to 12 months, while the density in 18-month group recovered to the level of 8 weeks. Conclusion: TMJ is one of target organs of estrogen, and ERα plays an important role in the effect of estrogen on TMJ.

结果：1TMJ中ERα主要在髁突软骨的肥大层和过渡层表达，下颌骨和颞骨的骨细胞也有少量表达，而关节盘、滑膜中几乎无表达；2雄性SD大鼠髁突软骨中ERα的表达明显强于同龄的雌性大鼠；3在雄性大鼠TMJ髁突软骨中阳性细胞密度随年龄增长逐渐降低，16周以后逐渐维持在相对稳定的水平；4雌性大鼠从出生后到8周龄阳性细胞密度基本稳定，在16周龄至12月龄年龄组阳性细胞密度显著降低，而在18月龄后又恢复到8周龄以前的水平。

Objective: To describe the anatomy of the superior and inferior aspect of the perirenal space as well as the renal fascia with CT radiography in vivo.

目的：通过对正常成人活体肾周间隙和肾筋膜的多层螺旋CT及三维重建图像的观察和测量分析，探讨肾筋膜的附着、肾周间隙的纵向通连情况等相关指标，以及多层螺旋CT对肾周间隙通连研究的诊断价值。

They mainly distributed in the stratum pyramidale and stratum oriens of the subiculum and CA1 with the majority in the subiculum.After 24 weeks,the number of PV-IR neurons gradually increased.The majority of PV-IR neurons were found in the subiculum and CA1 and few in CA2.They concentrated at the border region between the stratum pyramidale and stratum oriens.

结果 PV-IR神经元最早见于23周海马结构内，主要位于下托和CA1区的锥体细胞层和多形层，以下托为主。24周开始，PV-IR神经元数量逐渐增加，大多位于下托和CA1区锥体细胞层/多形层交界处附近，少数见于CA2。

The results are unsure for experimental use;The rabbit's corneas that were removed with upper-half of corneal limbal epithelium lamella and erased the center corneal epitheliums were transparent with intact corneal epithelium;In the approach,the corneal and limbal epitheliums were burned with a cotton swab socked in 1 mol/L NaOH,there were 4 rabbits' corneal stroma happened perforation or ulcer and symblepharon,and the other one presented corneal epithelium phenotype.This is an applicable method to create the pathological model of corneal limbal stem cell total deficiency.

结果表明，处理后4周，全周角膜缘上皮板层手术切除，中央角膜上皮层用1 mol/L NaOH擦除的5只试验家兔角膜表面全部血管化、结膜化，未发生睑球粘连，角膜基质胶原纤维完整未见溃疡、穿孔等病变，细胞印迹学检查为结膜表型，可作为实验性角膜缘干细胞移植的病理模型；全周角膜缘上皮板层手术切除，中央角膜上皮用生理盐水擦除的5只试验家兔，有2只为结膜表型，另3只为角膜表型，观察期内结果不稳定；半周角膜缘上皮板层手术切除，中央角膜上皮层用生理盐水擦除的5只试验家兔，角膜表面透明，全部为角膜表型；直接用1 mol/L NaOH擦除角膜缘和中央角膜上皮的试验家兔，有4只角膜基质胶原纤维断裂、溶解，并伴有严重的溃疡、穿孔、睑球粘连等病变，不能用于移植试验，另1只角膜表面透明，未见结膜和新生血管长入，细胞印迹学检查为角膜表型。

With analysing the the fatigue mechanism, the general mode of interply fatigue damage propagation is denoted by delamination length and crack density. Based on the power-law, the relationship between number of cycles and delamination length and crack density are established. The specimen is modeled as an equivalent six-ply material system. Starting with the analysis of interply stress, the interply shear stress under cyclic loading is calculated by using nonlinear three-demension FEA. According to the stage regularity of fatigue damage propagation, such models as average strain, effective modulus, ratio of delamination length and crack density, experimental relationship between crack density and effective modulus, are proposed by introducing subsection coefficient.

通过对疲劳机理的分析，确定了以脱层长度和裂纹密度表示的层间疲劳损伤演化的一般模式，利用指数法则建立了脱层长度和裂纹密度随疲劳循环周次变化的关系；从层间应力分析入手，以等效六层的材料模型对循环载荷下的层间剪切应力进行了三维非线性有限元分析；根据疲劳损伤扩展的阶段性，引入分段系数，分别建立了平均应变与载荷循环周次的分段线性模拟模型、有效刚度随载荷循环周次的变化关系模型、裂纹密度变化和脱层长度变化关系随载荷循环周次变化的分段线性模型以及疲劳裂纹密度和有效刚度关系的经验模型。

与周层相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

amphithecium：周层

当胚细胞已发育成20-30个细胞时,其上半部的细胞作平周壁的分裂成为中心部分的蒴内层(endotecium)和包围蒴内层的蒴周层(amphithecium)等二层细胞群. 前者后来发育成孢子囊和蒴轴,后者发育成气室、蒴壁、蒴齿和蒴盖. 孢蒴和蒴柄连接的部分呈圆锥形,

amphithecium：[蒴]周层

当胚细胞已发育成20-30个细胞时,其上半部的细胞作平周壁的分裂成为中心部分的蒴内层(endotecium)和包围蒴内层的蒴周层(amphithecium)等二层细胞群. 前者后来发育成孢子囊和蒴轴,后者发育成气室、蒴壁、蒴齿和蒴盖. 孢蒴和蒴柄连接的部分呈圆锥形,

amphithecium：细胞外层,蒴周层

amphitheatrical | 圆剧场式的 | amphithecium | 细胞外层,蒴周层 | amphitrichous | 指微生物两端有鞭毛的

anticlinal division：垂周分裂

原套由表面一至数层细胞组成,它们进行垂周分裂(anticlinal division),扩大表面积而不增加细胞层数. 原体是由原套包围的一团不规则排列的细胞,它们进行垂周、平周各方向分裂,增大体积. 大多数的双子叶植物,原套通常是2层,而单子叶植物则有1~2层.

periblast：胚周层 表胎层

periauricularmuscles 耳周围肌 | periblast 胚周层 表胎层 | periblastula 表裂囊胚

periblast：表胎层

periblast 胚周层 | periblast 表胎层 | periblastula 表裂囊胚

perinuclear space：核周(间)隙

不需核被膜(nuclear envelope)位于间期细胞核的最外层,是细胞核与细胞质之间核纤层(nuclear lamina)是一层紧贴于内层核膜下,由纤维蛋白构成的网络两层膜之间有20-40nm的透明空隙,称为核周间隙(perinuclear space)或质环,辐(+栓,核质环三种结构亚单位,

perisphere：周层

perisphere 外围层 | perisphere 周层 | perisplenic 脾周的

perisphere：周层 外围层

perisperm /外胚乳/ | perisphere /周层/外围层/ | perisplenic /脾周的/

perisplenic：脾周的

perisphere /周层/外围层/ | perisplenic /脾周的/ | perispore /孢子周壁/