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A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly cold rolled steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising: a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of at least four fluorine atoms and at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron, and, optionally, ionizable hydrogen atoms, and optionally, one or more oxygen atoms; a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component being at least 1:5; sufficient free acid to give the composition a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.0; a component selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing inorganic oxyanions and phosphonate anions; and a component selected from the group consisting of water-soluble and water-dispersible organic polymers and polymer-forming resins and, preferably, also including a component selected from the group consisting of tungstate, molybdate, silicotungstate, and silicomolybdate anions.
通过对包含以下成分的含水酸性液体进行干燥,可以在金属上形成无铬的转换涂层,该涂层与普通铬酸盐转换涂层相比,至少在抗腐蚀质量上等效:$_一种阴离子成分,所述各个阴离子包括至少4个氟原子,至少选自钛、锆、铪、硅与硼元素中的1个原子。任选地可离解的氢原子,任选地1个或多个氧原子;$_一种选自钴、镁、锰、锌、镍、锡、锆、铁与铜元素的阳离子成分,上述成分的阳离子总数与成分内的阴离子总数之比至少为1∶5;$_足够的游离酸以使该组合物的pH值在0.5~5.0的范围内;$_一种选自含磷的无机含氧阴离子与膦酸盐阴离子的成分;$一种选自水溶性与水可分散性有机聚合物与聚合物形成的树脂的成分,优选还包括一种选自钨酸盐、钼酸盐、钨硅酸盐与钼硅酸盐阴离子的成分。
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The morphology of inclusions and fracture of a tin-bearing free cutting steel were observed by means of SEM and the chemical composition of inclusions determined using EDAX analysis.
用扫描电镜观察了含锡易切削钢的夹杂物和断口的形貌,并按能谱分析了夹杂物的化学成分。
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cassiterite:锡石
[附注] 人工炼制的金属锡原矿物有锡石(Cassiterite)等. [附注] 人工炼制的金属铁原矿石有赤铁矿(Hematite)、磁铁矿(Magnetite)等铁矿石. [主要化学成分] 含天麻素(gastrodin)香荚兰醇、香荚兰醛、生物碱及维生素A类物质.