可习得的

基本解释 (translations)

learnable

与可习得的相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

One of the most efficient ways in language acquisition depends on a sea of intelligible and acceptable language input .

语言习得的顺利进行要依赖大量的可理解的语言输入。

This is a learnable skill like any other, and it probably will feel a bit awkward the first time.

这是一种可习得的技巧，跟其它任何技巧一样，在第一次用时也难免笨手笨脚。

Chapter One of this dissertation deals with the UG theory, the logical problems of language acquisition and three hypotheses concerning the role of UG in L2 acquisition; Chapter Two interprets English and Chinese wh-questions, wh-movement as well as the principles of Subjacency and the ECP; Chapter Three reviews the main studies on wh-movement constraint in L2 acquisition in the past two decades; Chapter Four concerns the research methodology adopted in this study; Chapter Five involves collection, analysis and discussion of the data obtained in the GJ Task; Chapter Six is the conclusions.

等等。本文的第一章主要介绍普遍语法理论、普遍语法和二语习得的关系以及前人对普遍语法可及性的三种假设；第二章解释英语和汉语特殊疑问句、疑问词移动以及界限原则和空语类原则规律；第三章回顾前人对母语为汉语的人习得英语时对疑问词移动限制的可及性研究并提出本次研究的假设；第四章主要介绍本次研究的方法；第五章主要涉及研究中的数据收集、分析和讨论；第六章是研究的结论。

For this reason, the author of this dissertation initiates a research project to investigate L2 learners'accessibility to UG by studying Chinese L2 learners'sensitivity to two of the UG principles: Subjacency and the ECP, two constraint principles on wh-movement.

二语习得者如果对界限原则或空语类原则可及的话，我们就可以推断出他们对普遍语法是可及的。本文通过对中国人习得英语特殊疑问句时对疑问词移动限制规律界限原则和空语类原则的可及性研究来探索普遍语法在二语习得中的作用。

Based on the obtained data and evidence, this research project draws the following conclusions: Chinese L2 learners of English are sensitive to Subjacency and the ECP, thus sensitive to UG; Chinese L2 learners'sensitivities to different constraints are different; Chinese L2 learners tend to reject a lower rate of the sentences with both Subjacency and the ECP violations than those with only Subjacency violation; and there is no significant difference in L2 learners'sensitivity to UG as far as the learners'starting age of learning a L2 is concerned.

通过对调查所得数据的统计和分析，研究者发现：中国人习得英语时对普遍语法是可及的，他们对疑问词移动的不同限制的可及程度不尽相同。研究者还发现，母语为汉语的英语习得者，判断只违反界限原则的句子和判断既违反界限原则又违反空语类原则的句子语法是否正确时，对只违反界限原则的句子判断的正确率更高些。关于开始习得二语的年龄与普遍语法的关系问题，研究者并没有发现两者之间存在着必然的联系。

In terms of the minimalism, functional categories are the locus where language variation resides. Whether functional categories and their features are acquirable determines whether UG is accessible to SLA and how.

功能语类是语言间差异所在，因而对功能语类及其特征的第二语言习得研究有助于了解普遍语法在二语习得中是否可及以及如何可及的问题。

A part of interaction that does not contribute to language acquisition is the output produced by the language acquirer.

而有一种交际关于言语习得完好没有作用，就是该可懂得性输出是由曾经习得这个言语的进修者人所发作的，如何学好英语。

It convert the rational moral knowledge, sensibility moral knowledge that the students acquired and fostered into a kind of observable, accountable, checkable experiencing action.

其旨趣在于将学生习得的理性道德知识、情性道德知识迁移、外化为一种可观测、可统计、可检验的亲历行动。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

Basing on my own experimental results and that of theSLA researcher (Takayuki Nakamori 2001), I come to this tentative conclusion: UGPrinciples are accessible to all L2 learners, no matter whether the principles are instantiatedin the L1 or not; with respect to the parameters, the parametric values instantiated in the L1are initially available; while the two languages differ in parameter settings, someparameters can be resettable but to some other parameters, such as the Spec-parameter that isassociated with functional categories, become difficult even closed to the resetting; otherwiseevery L2 learner can acquire the target language successfully as well as the native speakerdoes.

根据自己的实验结果及第二语言研究者(Takayuki Nakamori 2001)的实验结果得出了这样一个结论：普遍语法中的原则对所有的第二语言习得者来说仍然可及，不管这些原则是否体现在第一语言中；但在参数方面，体现在第一语言里的参数值在第二语言习得中是可以首先习得的，但当第一语言和第二语言的参数值不同时，某些参数可以重新设定而对某些参数例如与功能管辖范围相关的具体参数就很难甚至不能重新设定；否则每一个第二语言习得者都能像母语习得者习得母语那样成功地习得目标语。

与可习得的相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

acquisitive a.1：想获得的, 有获得可能性的, 可学到的2.渴望得到的,贪婪的

acquisition n.1.取得,获得,习得 2.获得物,增添的人(或物) | acquisitive a.1.想获得的, 有获得可能性的, 可学到的2.渴望得到的,贪婪的 | exquisite a.1.精美的,精致的 2.敏锐的,有高度鉴赏力的

comprehensible input：可理解的输入

Krashen (1985)强调人类只有通过理解信息或者接受"可理解的输入"(Comprehensible Input)的方式习得语言. 我们从i(代表我们现有的语言水平)开始,向i+1(1代表新输入的内容)移动. 通过理解i+1输入内容,我们的习得达到更高一级水平,

comprehensible input：可理解性输入

输入在语言学习中是第一性的,没有足够的"可理解性输入"(comprehensible input)掌握一门语言是不可思议的,更谈不上习得一门第二语言或学会一门外语. 语言的非自然输入是相对于自然输入的一个概念. 在我国,英语学习没有一个理想的自然语言输入环境,

comprehensible output hypothesis：可理解性输出假设

发挥小组合作完成任务的优势;二语习得的理论包括克拉申(Krashen)的可理解性输入假设(Comprehensible Input Hypothesis)和斯温(Swain)的可理解性输出假设(Comprehensible Output Hypothesis),要求教师在设计任务时要保证任务的真实性和有意义性,

Interaction：交际

Allright(张沪平,1999)提出,"可理解性输入"必须与"交际"(Interaction)相结合,学习者才能获得习得的条件. 也就是说,仅有可理解性输入还不足以产生语言习得,语言学习者必须将语言输入与语言输出在一个有意义的环境中组合,语言习得才能真正有效.

learnable：可学会的; 可习得的 (形)

learn one's lesson 得到教训 | learnable 可学会的; 可习得的 (形) | learned 有学问的; 学术上的 (形)

learned behavior：习得行为

动物行为一般可分为定型行为(stereotyped behavior)和后天习得行为(learned behavior). 伊梅尔曼给定型行为下的定义为:排除任何可能学习的机会,动物在一定的外部环境刺激下,第一次完成的具有生物学功能的行为[12]. 实验中我们观察到,

self-esteem：自尊

因为他的生活变得充实和喜乐,这种心境使其自尊(self esteem)更为健康,更能为自己的生活负起责任. 禅喜大体上可分为五种,这五种禅喜,是由正确的修持得来的回报. 禅喜不是习禅的最终目的,却是习禅过程中的大丰收. 因为他的生活变得充实和喜乐,

stereotyped behavior：定型行为

动物行为一般可分为定型行为(stereotyped behavior)和后天习得行为(learned behavior). 伊梅尔曼给定型行为下的定义为:排除任何可能学习的机会,动物在一定的外部环境刺激下,第一次完成的具有生物学功能的行为[12]. 实验中我们观察到,

The Incas：印加人

在秘鲁的印加人(the Incas)和厄瓜多尔一些零散的部族,则可明显看出阿兹特克对其宗教仪式的影响. 在西班牙人到达美洲,占领大部分土地后,这类以人献祭的宗教仪式依然存在. 阿兹特克人这种宗教形式的习得性食人行为的理由在于,