取代基的

基本解释 (translations)

substituent

与取代基的相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The factors such as conjugate framework withsmall conjugation energy, central asymmetry, long conjugate chain,introduction of electron donors-acceptors, strong electron-donating orelectron-withdrawing abilities, long distance between electron donors andelectron acceptors, good coplanarity and so on lead to high third-order optical nonlinearities.

离域能小的共轭骨架，非中心对称结构，长的共轭链，吸供取代基的引入，取代基强的供电子性或吸电子性，长的吸供电子取代基之间的距离，以及良好的共平面程度等因素有利于获得较大的三阶非线性光学性能。

According to the synthetic methods study of the quinolones, it is found that the synthetic method of parent ring is of wide use by the condensation from α-substituted aryl formyl-β-substituted aminoacrylic acid and the inner molecular nucleophilic substitution reaction, which is almost suitable for the quinolones preparation of different rings or different substituted groups in 〓-position.

然后，对其合成方法进行了归纳，发现：由α-取代芳甲酰基-β-取代氨基丙烯酸缩合，经分子内亲核取代反应形成喹诺酮母环的合成方法用途非常广，几乎适用于所有不同环系或〓-位是不同取代基的喹诺酮类衍生物的制备。

Experimental results show that the different substituted location and different substituted group on benzene cycle would result in the diversity of reduction properties of substituted aryl nitrobenzene. Substituted nitrobenzenes with withdrawing group will be reduced at more positive potential, while those with repelling group will be reduced at more negative potential. In addition, the reduction potential of nitro group of o-nitrobenzene shifts more negative due to the effect of space resistance.

结果表明，芳族硝基化合物在苯环上的取代基位置不同以及在相同位置上取代基的种类不同均可使各芳族硝基化合物的电还原性能发生较大差异：吸电子取代基在电还原过程中电位较正，推电子取代基的电还原电位较负：邻位取代基在反应过程中由于空间位阻效应，苯环上的硝基在电还原时电位往负方向移动。

The results indicate that the type and number of the substituents affect the toxicity of these compounds directly. A nitro group substitution increases the toxicity of the compounds, and on the contrary, an amido group substitution decreases their toxicity. For multi-nitrobenzenes, the toxicity of the o - or p -substituted nitrobenzene is bigger than that of the m -substituted one.

苯环上取代基的类型、数目和取代位置直接影响到标题化合物的毒性大小，强吸电子基如硝基会降低 Q -NO2和 E LUMO大小，使化合物毒性增强，且邻对位硝基取代的毒性高于间位取代；相反，给电子基团氨基的存在则会使化合物的毒性降低。

The B3LYP/6-31G calculations on the four complexes show that the largest interaction energy is-13.98 kJmol^(-1) in the complex composed of HMX and hexaazacalix [3]-p-triarene [3]-2-amido-1, 3, 5-triazine. Results show that intermolecular interaction energies of azacalix [6] arenes with substituted groups are stronger than that without substituted groups, and intermolecular interaction energies of azacalix [6] arenes with amido groups are stronger than that with nitryl groups.

研究发现分子间相互作用能最大的复合物是六氮杂杯[3]-对－三芳烃[3]-2-氨基－1，3，5-三嗪与HMX所形成的复合物，最大相互作用能为－13.98 kJmol^(-1)；而且带有取代基的复合物的相互作用能大于没有带取代基的复合物，带有氨基取代基的复合物的相互作用能大于带有硝基取代基的复合物。

The value of current density and the apparent active energy of electroreduction of substituted nitrobenzene depend on the electronic effect of substituted group and space resistance. o,m,p-chloronitrobenzene will be electroreduced to azoxy compounds by taking three electrons, o,m-nitrotoulene and o,m-nitrobenzoic acid will be reduced to phenol compounds by taking four electrons, and p-nitrotoulene will be reduced to the aniline by taking six electrons. According to these results, the electroreduction mechanism of the substituted aryl nitro-compounds was studied in detail.

在电还原过程中，还原峰电流和表观活化能的大小均与取代基的电子效应和空间位阻相关，同时取代硝基氯苯得3个电子将还原生成氧化偶氮苯类化合物：邻、间硝基甲苯、硝基苯甲酸得4个电子将还原生成酚类化合物；对硝基甲苯得6个电子将还原生成胺类化合物，在此基础上，探讨了各芳族硝基化合物的电还原机理。

Electron donating substituent CH〓, OCH〓 and 4, 5-benzo make λ〓 red shift, electron with -drawing substituent F, Cl and CF〓 make λ〓 hypsochromic shift; b The W〓 is bigger than relative symmetrical carbocyanines, and the ratio of 0-1＇ and 0-0＇ transition intensity increase with the increase of σ〓; c The absorption and the fluorescence spectra are mirror image, and the λ〓 have a good linear relationship; d The Stokes shift △λ〓 and the Hammett σ〓 constant have a good linear relationship.

研究了染料的光物理性质，①苯环上取代基影响染料的λ〓和摩尔消光系数，相对于H，给电子取代基CH〓、OCH〓、4，5-benzo使λ〓红移，摩尔消光系数减小，吸电子取代基F、Cl、CF〓使λ〓蓝移，摩尔消光系数减小；②化合物吸收峰的半峰宽较相应的对称染料的大，且振动肩部与最大吸收峰的强度比随σ〓增大而增大；③吸收光谱与荧光光谱呈镜像关系，且λ〓与λ〓呈良好的线性关系；④化合物的Stokes位移△λ〓与取代基的Hammett σ〓常数呈线性关系。

It can be proposed that when the substituent is an electron donor, the twisted configuration between pyrazoline ring and the moiety attached on N1 is the fluorescence-emitted configuration of 2-pyrazoline, and the configuration where two moieties are placed in a co-plane is the best non-radiative decay configuration of these compounds.

这表明，对于C3位取代基为推电子基或弱的拉电子基团的化合物，N1所联取代基与吡唑啉环相扭曲的构象是化合物的发光构象，两者处于同一平面的构象是化合物的最佳非辐射衰变构象，与C3所联取代基的旋转扭曲无关。

The results showed that the MS2 fragmentation pathways of DASSSB were affected by the character and position of substitutes on salicylidene phenyl. The C=N cleaving to form fragmentation ion [M+H-283](superscript +) was dominant for DASSSB compounds with electron-donating group on the C4 of the salicylidene phenyl; while fragmentation ion [M+H-254] (superscript +) forming by C-C cleavage of the β-position of C=N was dominant for DASSSB compounds with electron-withdrawing group on the C5 of the salicylidene phenyl.

结果显示，这些化合物的ESI-MS/MS裂解方式与它们分子中水杨醛苯环上取代基的性质和位置有关：当水杨醛苯环上4位连接供电子取代基时，分子以CN双键断裂为主，生成[M+H-283]碎片离子；当水杨醛苯环上5位连接吸电子取代基时，分子以CN双键β位的C-C键发生断裂为主，生成[M+H-254]碎片离子。

The results of calculation will be fundmentally consistent with the experimental values.In addition, we calculated dibenzene chromium and its derivatives, ferroceneand its derivatives. The former had higher symmetry. We studied the substituenteffects by calculating their NMR spectra. The results show that: when we add asubstitute group on one ring of dibenzene chromium, the substitute group will affecttwo benzene rings. The effect is similar to the effect of branched alkanes, namely:the effect on neighbouring groups has transmissibility. Furthermore, the nearer theneighbouring group is, the stronger the effect is. This effect is observed not only onthe substituted ring, but also on the unsubstituted ring.

此外，我们重点计算了二苯铬及其衍生物和二茂铁及其衍生物的核磁共振谱，其中二苯铬及其衍生物选择的是对称性较好的体系，通过计算其核磁共振四川师范大学硕士学位论文谱，探讨其取代基效应，结果表明：在二苯铬的一个环上引入取代基后，取代基对两个苯环的影响，类似于支链院烃引入取代基后的影响：即对邻近基团的影响有传递性，并且对离得近的作用强，对离得远的作用弱，这种作用不仅体现在连有取代基的环上，也体现在没有带取代基的环上。

与取代基的相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

allyl：烯丙基

在具有刚性结构的吗啡、吗啡喃类、苯吗喃类、14-羟基二氢吗啡酮等分子中,将氮原子上的甲基以3~5个碳的取代基,例如:烯丙基(allyl),环丙烷甲基(cyclopropylmethyl,CPM)或环丁烷甲基(cyclobutylmethyl,CBM)等取代,

Cherokee：切诺基

吉普有"牧马人"(Wrangler)及"切诺基"(Cherokee)两大品牌. 到现在"吉普切诺基"在美国已经被"吉普.自由"所取代,现在吉普的主要产品为 "牧马人"."自由"."大切诺基".

isopropyl：异丙基

产生甲基磷酸异而二酯,之后再与氟化氢(hf)反应产生沙林(甲基氟膦酸异丙酯),这一类的有机磷化合物,随著接在磷上取代基稍微改变就可以决定此有机磷是否有毒性,见表一,由研究显示,一般在磷上,如果同时接上异丙基(isopropyl)与氟(fluorine),

leaving group：脱离基

在有机及无机化学中,亲核取代为取代反应的一种基本型式,其中富含电子的亲核试剂(nucleophile)攻击接有脱离基(leaving group)的原子,此种带有脱离基为带正电或带部分正电的原子或原子团,又称为亲电子试剂(electrophile).

modified starch：改性淀粉

改性淀粉(Modified starch)又称变性淀粉,是利用物理、化学或酶的手段,通过分子切断、重排、氧化或在分子中引入取代基的方法以改变其某些天然性质,增加其性能或引进新特性,制得的较原淀粉具有更优良的性能和更繁多品种的淀粉衍生物,

substituting agent：取代剂

substituted 取代的;代替的 | substituting agent 取代剂 | substituting group 取代基

amido：酰胺基

一种反应性染料组合物及其应用,此反应性染料组合物包含(a)至少一种如右式(1)所示含有酰胺基(amido)取代基的反应性红色染料,其中R、R↓[1]、R↓[2]、R↓[3]、X及Q定义如说明书所示;

cholesteryl：胆固醇基

由于脂溶性光敏剂易于被血清中的低密度脂蛋白结合而利于运输和被肿瘤细胞吸收, 因此Barge et al[16]利用脂类取代基如胆固醇基(cholesteryl)和辛氧基(octyloxy)与光敏剂SiPc作用合成新的SiPc衍生物(Chol-O-SiPc和Octo-O-SiPc),

phytyl：植基

其它含有蒈烷、蒎烷或菠烷环状骨架的烃按照规则F-4.2命名. A-75.1:简单的无环萜基的命名和编号是根据规则A-3.5进行. 俗名牦牛儿基(geranyl)、橙花基(neryl)、里哪基(linalyl)和植基(phytyl)均予以保留,用以指这些未被取代的基.

porphine：卟吩

卟啉(Porphyrins)是卟吩(Porphine)外环带有取代基的同系物和衍生物的总称. 卟啉化合物在自然界广泛存在,由于卟啉化合物具有独特的结构及性能和特殊的生理活性,使得卟啉化合物在医学、生物化学、材料化学、合成化学、能源利用等很多方面具有良好的应用前景,