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The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.
例如,荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum,其中肋细胞胞壁较薄,无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化,也没有厚壁细胞分化,能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分;钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构,叶片较厚,中肋具导水主细胞,中肋背面具厚壁细胞,这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中;水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱,仅1层细胞,细胞胞壁薄,叶表无附属结构,中肋细胞层数少,无导水主细胞分化,也没有厚壁细胞,这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中;东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片,东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物,这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。
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Three species: Ancistrum crassum, Ancistrum japonicum and Boveria subcylindrica were morphologically investigated based on living observations, protargol impregnation and wet silver impregnation techniques.
摘 要 报道山东沿海贝类鳃表及外套腔中共栖的3种触毛亚目盾纤类纤毛虫:厚鱼钩虫、日本鱼钩虫及亚桶形后口虫。
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Cypraeidae:宝贝科
腹足纲(Gastropoda)前鳃亚纲(Prosobranchia)宝贝科(Cypraeidae)宝贝属(Cypraea)海产螺类. 壳坚厚,小圆丘状,色豔丽,有光泽,常有斑点. 壳口狭长,唇缘厚,可具齿. 主要分布在印度洋和太平洋沿岸水域. 金黄宝贝(C. aurantium)长10公分(4吋),
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Turbinidae:蝾螺科
腹足纲(Gastropoda)前鳃亚纲(Prosobranchia)蝾螺科(Turbinidae)海产螺类. 壳厚,壳口宽阔,壳面可有珠状突、瘤突或肋纹. 最大的种类是东印度群岛和澳大利亚的夜光蝾螺(Turbo marmoratus),体螺层以上的数层似鳞茎或某些东方国家用的包头巾,