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基本解释 (translations)

arthrosis  ·  articulation  ·  joint  ·  articulus  ·  syntaxis  ·  joints  ·  Articulations  ·  artus

词组短语

key links

与关节相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

The right and left TMJ were removed from the animals, and all the specimens were observed. 3 days later, we could find that all TMJ components showed signs of injury. The synovial membrane was torn up and the cartilage of the condylar process and glenoid fossa was destructed.

伤后3天可出现关节滑膜撕裂、颞骨和髁突骨质破坏、关节腔内积血，关节盘以及关节附着的断裂等改变；7天后，关节积血少见。2周后可见关节内明显的破坏性改变，关节腔内还可有渗出液存在。

Result: Different projection positions of X-ray can evaluate different thoracic small joints. Image diagnosis were space changes, the deflection of the spinous process of vertebral and hyperostosis osteosclerosis. soft tissue lesions near thoracic spinal facet almost was not evaluated. CT plain scan can evaluate every changes of thoracic spinal facet. Image diagnosis were articular process hypertrophy, osteophyte formation, articular surface hyperostosis osteosclerosis, space changes, joint capsule and ligament calcification.

结果：X线平片不同投照体位可以评价不同胸椎小关节，表现为间隙改变、椎棘突偏斜及增生硬化，对胸椎小关节软组织病变基本无法评价；CT平扫对各胸椎小关节改变均可评价，表现为关节突肥大，骨赘样增生，关节面硬化，关节间隙改变，关节囊及韧带钙化。

Afterwards, we propose a new constant coefficients measurement method in dynamic equation of robot manipulators, this measurement method includes three groups of experiments: group one, let each joint of robot manipulator keep static to measure the constant coefficients in gravity term of dynamic equation and Coulomb frictional torque, group two: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at a constant velocity to measure the viscous frictional coefficient and constant coefficients in effective inertia of dynamic equation, group three: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at constant acceleration at a time to measure constant coefficients in Coriolis and centrifugal term and coupling inertia of dynamic equation.

让操作器单个关节恒速运动，在对驱动系统中传动机构，减速装置和电感系数综合考虑的基础上，这组实验对粘滞摩擦系数及有效惯量中常数系数进行测量。这种测量方法只要求旋转关节的驱动电机施加恒定电压，回转关节驱动电机施加正弦波电压。3。让操作器单个关节恒加速运动，这组实验测量动力学方程中哥氏力、离心力项和耦合惯量项中的常数系数，这种测量方法只要求单个关节匀加速运动，而其它各关节保持静止，这种测量方法虽然要求关节匀加速运动，但不必进行关节角加速度检测，而只需进行关节角位移和角速度检测即可，输入量直接给定为输入电压。

Results Sacroiliac joints in 62 cases were abnormal:in early stage,articular face was affected and the bone cortex incrassated and osteosclerosis partly,joint space was normal;in late stage,vermiform destruction of bone was seen in articular face,the density of cortex was heighten irregular,joint space widen or narrow,and at last the joint space vanished,the joint ankylosed.

结果 62例患者骶髂关节表现异常，包括：早期，骨关节面受侵蚀、骨皮质局限增厚、硬化，关节间隙正常；后期，关节面呈虫蚀状改变，关节面皮质密度不规则增高，关节间隙增宽或变窄，最终关节间隙消失，关节强直。

Abstract］ objective to provide the experience on treatment with the internal fixation to the fractures combined with/without dislocation on peripheral amphiarthrodial joint.methods from january 2000 to january 2005,62 cases were follow-up visited and evaluated on imageology,imaging,joint function and complication,et al.results serveral problems were observed on these cases.first,when the internal fixation were pulled out,some of the patients were observed the disturbance,even loss on joint function,and their quality of life were limmited.second,some internal fixations had been broken before they were pull out.conclusion we should sufficiently allow for not only the stabilization and the union of the fracture,but also degrade the complication to minimum limit and maximally recover the joint function.

目的 通过对微动关节周围骨折和合并关节脱位的内固定治疗后的疗效分析，进而为临床治疗提供经验。方法对2000年1月～2005年1月期间62例患者进行随访，并从影像学及关节功能、并发症等方面进行评估。结果治疗该类创伤病例存在着以下几个问题：（1）部分患者的关节功能在内固定解除术后，存在着不同程度的功能障碍，甚至丧失而影响到患者的生活质量。（2）并发内固定断裂情况时有发生。结论治疗微动关节周围骨折尤其在合并有关节脱位时，应充分考虑到既要修复因创伤引起的骨折使其愈合并使该关节稳定，又应该最大限度地恢复关节功能，并将并发症降低到最小限度。

Abstract］ objective to provide the experience on treatment with the internal fixation to the fractures combined with/without dislocation on peripheral amphiarthrodial joint.methods from january 2000 to january 2005,62 cases were follow-up visited and evaluated on imageology,imaging,joint function and complication,et al.results serveral problems were observed on these cases.first,when the internal fixation were pulled out,some of the patients were observed the disturbance,even loss on joint function,and their quality of life were limmited.second,some internal fixations had been broken before they were pull out.conclusion we should sufficiently allow for not only the stabilization and the union of the fracture,but also degrade the complication to minimum limit and maximally recover the joint function.

作者：洪洋，陈峥嵘，董有海，钱光，杨群，程根祥目的通过对微动关节周围骨折和合并关节脱位的内固定治疗后的疗效分析，进而为临床治疗提供经验。方法对2000年1月～2005年1月期间62例患者进行随访，并从影像学及关节功能、并发症等方面进行评估。结果治疗该类创伤病例存在着以下几个问题：（1）部分患者的关节功能在内固定解除术后，存在着不同程度的功能障碍，甚至丧失而影响到患者的生活质量。（2）并发内固定断裂情况时有发生。结论治疗微动关节周围骨折尤其在合并有关节脱位时，应充分考虑到既要修复因创伤引起的骨折使其愈合并使该关节稳定，又应该最大限度地恢复关节功能，并将并发症降低到最小限度。

Whatever methods you chose, the destruction of the TMJ was also found. At 3 days posttrauma hemarthrosis could be seen in most of the joints of both groups. Fibrous effusion was seen in a joint of surgery treatment group at 1 month posttrauma. 3 months later, fibrous ankylosis was found in the conservative treatment group.

不管采用哪种治疗方法，关节结构的破坏性改变自始至终都存在，早期都出现关节积血及关节结构的破坏；2周后可有关节盘不规则破坏，甚至完全崩解，关节腔内出现渗出液。1月时，可见固定组动物的关节腔内有纤维性渗出。3月时绝大多数关节结构基本存在，但可见有许多裂隙或囊样变，不固定组内有一动物的关节内出现了纤维性关节强直的表现。

Hemarthrosis and laceration of the disc and the attachment were also observed. 7 days later, the hemarthrosis was seldomly seen. Effusion was seen in some joints at 2 weeks. At 1 month posttrauma, the severely damaged structure of the two joints in one animal was found. We could find the loss of the disc and the cartilage of the condyle. Effusion also existed.

伤后1月，可见有一侧关节盘完全破坏，髁突软骨层消失，关节腔内渗出；对侧关节结构紊乱，关节盘及髁突明显变形、不规则等变化。3月后，多数关节结构基本正常，但关节内的破坏性改变仍然存在，关节内可见较明显的裂隙或囊状改变，软骨组织变薄，关节盘松解，关节腔扩张等变化。

To investigate the the body shape strength and kinematics thateffects sprint expert performance 17 healthy male sprinters weremeasured using SongxiaM9000 high speed vidicon in the field; body shape of sprint athlete were tested by steel rule; Meanwhile shoulder were tested at 60, 240and360 deg/sec velocities ; lower limb were tested at 60, 240 deg/sec velocitues using Biodex-II tesing and rehabilitation system in the laboratory This research provide theoretical basement to scientifically make reasonable exercise prescription and perfect sprint theoryThe result show that (1) The results of correlation indicate that 100M performance related to the shoulder fast flexion torque and hip flexion/extension torque^ ankle fast dorsiflexion torque ;(2) The upper arm relaxing enclose and lower limbs length effect 100Mperformance;(3) The biggest shoulder extension joint, swing rage of shoulder and the biggest elbow joint extension effect 100M performance.

使用松下M9000高速摄像机对100米跑动过程中的运动员进行录像，同时测试短跑运动员100米成绩，利用爱捷录像分析系统获取运动学参数；用人体测量尺测试短跑运动员的肢体围度；同时采用Biodex-Ⅱ型等动测力及康复统，测试运动员上肢肩关节及下肢髋、膝、踝3个关节的等速屈伸肌力。在角速度60°／s、240°／s和360°s下测试肩关节等动向心收缩肌力；在角速度60°／s9慢速和240°／s及120°／s下测试下肢3关节等速向心及离心肌收缩肌力。分析肢体围度、各关节肌肉力量和运动学参数与100 影响河北省二级以上短跑运动员专项成绩的因素。一身体形态、力量素质和运动学参数米成绩的内在联系，为合理制订短跑力量训练和完善短跑理论提供理论依据。结果表明；肩带肌群肌力矩确实与100米成绩呈显著高度相关，同时髓关节屈伸力矩比、踝关节背屈力矩与100米跑成绩呈显著中度相关，可能《是影响100米的因素之一。（2）上臂紧张围、上臂放松围与100米跑成绩呈显。著中度相关；最大肩关节伸角、肩关节摆动幅度和最大肘关节伸角与 100 米成绩呈显著中高度相关。

与关节相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

articular cavity：关节腔

(3)关节腔(articular cavity)是关节囊所围成的腔,里面含少量滑液,有润滑和营养关节 软骨的作用. 关节滑膜发炎时,腔内大量积液,伴有关节的肿胀和疼痛,影响关节的活动. 腔内为负压,这对于维持关节的稳固有一定的作用.

glenoid cavity：关节盂

若是长时间肱盂关节及腕关节异位筋肌韧带拉长不归正位即臂酸痛乏力也、因肩关节是滑膜关节中的杵臼関节(ball-and-socket joint),肱骨头是个较偏向卵圆的半球状隆起只有像球体的一半,关节盂(glenoid cavity)很浅、只有肱骨头关节面的1/3两边由关节软骨覆盖,

articular labrum：关节唇

关节盘(articular disc)和关节唇(articular labrum):关节盘是指位于两骨关节面之间的纤维软骨,其周缘附于关节囊,将关节分为两部,关节盘使两关节面更为适应,增加了关节的稳固性和运动的多样性.关节唇是附于关节窝周缘的纤维软骨环,

shoulder joint：肩关节

属于平面关节.是肩胛骨活动的支点,关节的上方有肩锁韧带加强,关节囊和锁骨下方有坚韧的喙锁韧带连于喙突.囊内的关节盘常出现于关节上部,部分分隔关节,关节活动度小.1.肩关节(shoulder joint) 由肱骨头与肩胛骨的关节盂构成,

Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy-shoulder elbow, wrist or ankle：滑膜切除术或关节囊切除术- 肩关节、肘关节、腕关节或踝关节

滑膜切除术或关节囊切除术- 膝关节 Synovectomy or/... | 滑膜切除术或关节囊切除术- 肩关节、肘关节、腕关节或踝关节Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy-shoulder elbow, wrist or ankle | 滑膜切除术或关节囊切除术- 指...

arthrotomy：关节切开术

外科关节切开术(arthrotomy)常作为一种根本治疗,因为关节感染多集中在关节滑膜,实施关节切开术时,可以同时作滑膜切除术,根除关节感染. 关节切开术的适应症为 : 病患在适当的抗生素及空针抽吸引流之后,仍持续高烧及关节肿胀时.

cricoarytenoid joint：环杓关节

喉软骨有两对关节,即一对环甲关节(cricothyroid joint) 和一对环杓关节(cricoarytenoid joint). 前者由甲状软骨下角内侧面的关节面与环状软骨弓板相接处外侧的关节面构成,后者由环状软骨 板上部的关节面与杓状软骨底部的关节面构成.

postzygapophysis：后关节突

取单独一个躯椎来看,椎体背面有椎弓包围脊髓,椎弓的上端有棘突,基部有前关节突(prezygapophysis)和后关节突(postzygapophysis),前一椎体的后关节突(关节面向下)与后一椎体的前关节突(关节面向上)相关节.

radiocarpal joint：[桡腕关节]

桡腕关节(radiocarpal joint)又称腕关节(wrist joint),由手舟骨、月骨和三角骨近侧的关节面共同组成关节头,与桡骨腕关节面和尺骨头下方关节盘共同构成的关节窝组成.

wrist joint：腕关节

桡腕关节(radiocarpal joint)又称腕关节(wrist joint),由手舟骨、月骨和三角骨近侧的关节面共同组成关节头,与桡骨腕关节面和尺骨头下方关节盘共同构成的关节窝组成.