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Chapter Ⅶ Harmonious Development Mechanism and Management Pattern Formation of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain Firstly, three different view layers of macro, medium, and micro are adopted to study the relevant mechanism for developing urban system in Central Shaanxi; The macro layer mainly probed into the affect from government affair to urban development, reached the conclusion that whether government will rationalize and benefit the harmonious development will be largely owed to the government affair regulation and adaptive general planning system to fix on the urban construction aims and stresses on the foundation of speeding up mechanism and principle innovation; The medium emphasized analyzing the Industry assembling mechanism for harmonious development acceleration and regional distribution and cross-regional adjustment among economic zones from the two aspects of Industry structuring and regional economic spatial location; The micro analyzed the behavioral characteristics of the micro subject and its motivation effects in the urban system development from aspects of enterprises, non-governmental organizations and the public, and set up the compatible mechanism of its active stimulus and restriction.
本章首先从宏观、中观和微观三个层面入手研究了推进关中城镇体系协调发展的相关机制:(1)宏观层面重点研究了政府行为对关中城镇体系发展的影响,认为在不同制度环境下地方政府行为选择也是对其它主体行为选择的理性反应,但地方政府行为能否趋于理性化并有利于关中城镇体系的协调发展,关键还是在于尽快完成关中体制创新和制度创新的基础上,规范政府行为,建立有助于地区利益协调的宏观调控体系,并以此为基点确定了关中城镇体系的宏观调控目标与重点;(2)中观层面重点从产业组织和区域经济空间组织两个方面分析了推进关中城镇体系协调发展的产业聚集机制和各城市经济区的区内组织及区际协调机制;(3)微观层面从企业、非政府组织和公众三个方面入手。分析了微观主体的行为特征及其参与关中城镇体系协调发展的积极作用,并建立了促进微观主体主动参与的激励—约束相容机制。
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In North and South Dynasty, Calligraphers mainly centralize in the Changing river and Shandon province, which belonged to gentlefolk.
到了南北朝晚期和隋代,随着关中地区成为新兴的政治文化中心,关中新贵族中也出现了一批书家,但这些关中籍书家在整个隋代书家中所占比重较小,出自于南北朝时期江左和山东旧名门望族的书家仍然是隋代书家的主体。
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The reference crop evapotranspiration(ET0) in Guanzhong region was calculated with the Penman-Monteith equation. The change characteristics of meteorological factors and ET0 over year were analyzed. The regressing relation between ET0 and geography factors was established. Space distribution of ET0 based digital elevation model was obtained. The water consumption model of main cropes was established using the crop cofficient method. The irrigation water requirement of main crop and it's space distribution based DEM under the different precipitation probability was obtained, which advanced the calculation precision of ET0 from spot scal to regional scal. The concept of water consumption under the irrigational scal was proposed. The water consumption model of different water user and model of groundwater balance based on the water consumption of Baojixia irrigation district was established. Which can refects the relation between water utilization, water consumption and change amount of groundwater resouces.
深入分析了关中地区气象要素的变化趋势,用Penman-Montainth 公式计算了参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET0),建立了ET0与地理要素的多元回归关系,获得了基于数字高程模型DEM的关中地区ET0的空间分布图;用作物系数法建立了关中主要作物生育期耗水模型,获得了主要作物在不同降雨条件下的灌溉需水,以及基于DEM的主要作物灌溉需水空间分布图,提高了作物蒸发蒸腾量由点到面尺度转换过程中的估算精度;界定了灌区尺度的耗水量的概念,包括用水耗水和非用水耗水,建立了灌区耗水量计算模型及基于耗水量变化的浅层地下水均衡模型,能较好地反映灌区引水量、耗水量及地下水蓄变量之间的内在关系。
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Analyzing the relation between earthquake and structure distortion, main fault belt, crust, upper mantle, ground fracture, hotspring, geotherm, conductance frame, stress state in Guanzhong area is analyzed with earthquake mechanism, isoseismal line, crustal stress measure, fault displacement measure, and simulating test results. Earthquake formation mechanism is discussed with dynamics mechanism in Guanzhong base. There are 3 forces and a good medium environment, which are main reasons caused earthquake happened in Guanzhong area. The first force is NE and NEE level extrusion one which is parallel with long axis of Guanzhong base. The second one is level strain which is vertical with long axis of the base.
对地震与构造形变、主要断裂带、地壳及上地幔、地裂缝、温泉和地热、电性结构等关系进行了分析研究,通过震源机制解、地震等烈度线、地应力测量、断层位移测量及模拟试验等成果,分析了关中地区的地应力状态,从关中盆地的动力学机制,对该区的地震成因机制进行了探讨,认为与关中盆地长轴平行的NE和NEE向的水平挤压力、与盆地长轴方向垂直的水平张力及地幔上涌力三组力的作用,加之壳内高导层这一有利的介质环境,是导致关中地区地震发生的主要原因。
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This paper discusses grain security in Guanzhong basin based on the model of cultivated land pressure index and minimum area of per capita cultivated land through using Lotus 123 for Windows software and setting up the databases of " people-cultivated land-grain production ".
本文根据最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数理论,应用趋势预测分析和回归分析方法,建立研究区域粮食安全状况预测模型,进行预测分析研究。论文主要以陕西省关中地区为例进行分析与实践论证。结果为,1999年关中地区粮食处于安全状态,对于各个地区而言,西安和铜川的粮食状况不容乐观;而宝鸡、咸阳、渭南和杨陵区粮食状况相对安全。特别是杨陵区,在农业科技不断进步的作用下,耕地生产力水平提高,因此粮食状况最安全。
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Chapter Ⅳ Function Orientation and Industry Selection of Urban in Central Shaanxi Plain At first, the chapter put forward a theoretical module in the complement, perfect and trussing of the traditional function orientation by strengthening its own adjustability based on the analysis of the traditional theory and its disadvantage.
第三章 关中城镇体系演变及现处阶段的判断本章首先对关中城镇产生、演变和发展过程进行了回顾;其次从关中城镇体系的历史演进入手,对关中城镇规模结构、职能结构和空间结构的演变过程及其特征进行了动态分析,并在考察与借鉴美国西部、我国东部沿海城镇密集区城镇体系发展理论与实践的基础上,与关中城镇体系发展现状进行比较分析,从而得出诸如产业是基础、资金是驱动力、环境优化和制度创新是关键等理念:最后结合城镇体系的演变规律和关中城镇体系发展现状,指出关中城镇体系发展中存在的诸多问题,并从跨学科、多视角研究的角度,探讨了关中城镇体系现处阶段及其未来发展趋向。
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Second, based on the distribution of agricultural resources, the dissertation has analyzed some theoretic issues of layout and construction of export-oriented agricultural product base in Guanzhong Areas; furthermore, it has tentatively blueprinted the layout and construction mode of export-oriented agricultural base, which can be served as the reference to exported agriculture in western and middle China and government's macro-management.
关中地区具有发展无公害农产品的优越的资源禀赋和环境条件,要充分利用这些条件,加快各个层次的无公害农产品出口基地的建设,实施产业化经营,扶持和壮大一批龙头企业,打造优良品牌,有效提高区域内农产品的国内外市场竞争力和品牌知名度,初步形成关中地区外向型农业的发展模式。(3)关中地区无公害农产品出口基地的建设应着重抓好环境保护设施建设、质量安全保障设施和体系建设、物流设施和体系建设、金融和信息服务设施和体系建设以及产业组织体系建设等几方面的工作。
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In the latter part, the chapter carried out an assessment and seriating on the economic competence of the five cities, one zone and 38 counties in composition analysis with different index system, fostered the key development strategy to be "breeding counties economy, protruding the center (Xian-Xianyang urban circle), driving the both ends"; ascertained the function orientation and Industry development direction and cited fruits Industry in north of Weihe river as an example to progress a systematic demonstrative research on the harmonious urban development there centering fruits Industry.
进而以此为基础,对关中城镇的发展环境进行了具体分析,并采用SWOT矩阵分析法对关中城镇发展的环境作以综合评价,认为关中城镇在未来发展过程中是机遇与挑战并存,其出路在于以环境优化和体制创新为突破口,加强优势整合,采取&发展与地区优势相结合的高科技产业群、以高新技术武装传统产业和以高科技为支撑的现代服务业&相结合的发展道路,在空间组织形式上,通过产业的分工与协调,采取以重点城镇、重点园区及交通干道相结合的&点—轴&模式,形成网络化的空间组织形态。
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The first is Qin culture's value in the market economy, from the perspective of modem mining, the essence of the inherent humanity, addressing its deep flaws and reshape its modem value, The second is Qin cultural circle and coordinated regional economic development, Qin cultural circles and the big-Guanzhong mark sphere has the inherent linds, Qin culture research should be based on reality, from the perpective of cultural capital build a solid foundation for culture; The third is Qin culture's industrialization, which has an advantage in location and resource advantages; The fourth is inter-regional cultural cooperation's issues, Qin cultural studies should be carried out in the wide-area, multi-perspective of a comprehensive study; The fifth is to introduce the new paradigm issues. such as cultural capital, social capital and human resources.
一是秦文化在市场经济中的价值挖掘与重塑问题,应从现代性角度挖掘秦文化的内在人文精髓,正视其深层中的秦文化圈与区域经济视域下的大关中经济圈具有内在契合性;秦文化的相关研究应该立足于大关中经济圈的现实,从文化资本角度为大关中经济的腾飞打造坚实的文化根基;三是秦文化自身的产业化问题,秦文化圈具有文化产业的区位优势和资源优势,应从经济与文化交叉的角度深入作域文化产业发展模式问题;四是区域间跨文化经济交流合作问题,秦文化研究应在跨省际、跨区域的横向文化交流合作中对其内在关系进行宽领域、多视角的全面研究;五是在研究中引人新范式问题,应有效借鉴文化资本、社会资本、人力资源、企业文化与企业家精神等一些新的分析范式,推动相关研究的深人拓展。
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The analyzing aboved is made from earthquake's space distributing, periodicity, migration phenomenon, repetition, strength, frequency, b value etc., according to data of earthquake station net in Shaanxi Province and microseisms station net watching results in Xi'an area. 3 group faults which are NEE, NW and EW direction control earthquake activities in Guanzhong area. Epicenter depth mostly is 5-25km and in shallow-focus earthquake. Earthquake in east area of Guanzhong was stronger and weaker in the West in history. Fen-Wei earthquake belt showed more activity. Microseisms and small seisms is main movement in recent earthquake, it has 8-10years' period of movement and show the trend that they are strong in the West but weaker in the East. And frequency and biggest magnitude of earthquake is supplement each other. In next years earthquake frequency will lessen but strength enhance, about M4. It presumes there is earthquake climax period in Guanzhong area in 2040 and M5-6 earthquake is happened at that time.
本文在对关中地区区域构造及重磁异常特征的分析基础上,根据陕西省地震台网监测资料及西安地区微地震台网监测成果,从地震的空间分布特征、周期性、迁移现象、重复性、强度、频度、b值分析等方面,对区域地震活动特征、关中地区地震活动规律进行了分析研究,关中地区地震活动主要受北东—北东东向、北西向、东西向三组方向的断裂控制,震源深度多为5—25公里,均属浅源地震,历史地震表现为东强西弱,东部的汾渭地震带表现出较强的地震活动性,近代地震活动主要以微震或小震为主,存在着8—10年的活动周期,近期表现出西强东弱的趋势,地震的频度与地震最大震级呈互补关系,未来的几年间,地震频度会有所减少,强度会增大,将有可能发生4级左右的地震,推测在2040年左右,关中地区将进入地震高潮期,届时将可能有5—6级左右的地震发生。
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Boer:波尔山羊
50.波尔山羊(Boer)有何特性?51.萨能奶山羊有何特性?52.关中奶山羊有何特性?53.崂山奶山羊有何特性?54.吐根堡山羊有何特性?55.努比亚山羊有何特性?56.辽宁绒山羊品种特性如何?57.内蒙古白绒山羊有什么特性?58.河西绒山羊品种特性如何?
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oil lamp:油灯
利用通行证进入到一开始不能进入的房间(Bar),这时守卫会阻止你进入后花园,用手枪把灯打烂,来到后花园,得到油灯(OIL LAMP). 一路向上走(将洞口外右上的草砍掉有条暗道可以通往右边,见到有人,跟他对话可得到宝石蛋(Jeweled Egg)可在下一关中换得通行证,
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literacy:文学
此外研究了文学(literacy)能升级城镇中心,有调整税收及建设仓库和教堂等功能. 在本关中还可以建设仓库(Store house)和石匠铺(Storemason's hut)等新的经济建筑,不过它们的具体效能只能到以后体现了.
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Scouts:侦察兵
幕间整备阶段,将Burning Sword给主角换上(道具会自动装备在拣道具的角色身上,如第一关中的民兵),两个农民转成一个侦察兵(Scouts)和一个弓箭手(Bowmen),战斗开始.
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Urban agglomerations of Guanzhong region:关中城市群
关中西部:West region of Guanzhong Basin | 关中城市群:Urban agglomerations of Guanzhong region | 平原河网地区:plain river network region
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geneticists:基因学家
在工程师忙着干活的时候不妨让基因学家(geneticists)去研究在岛上闲逛的骡(mules),一般此关中的骡都在西北方. 第二关:尽快修建一个基因产生台(genepod),然后造出约5个左右的骡,派它们到目标区域(就是那个天上有个太空船射出一束光照在地上的地方)即可.