催化

基本解释 (translations)

catalyze  ·  catalytically  ·  katalyze  ·  catalyzed  ·  catalyzes  ·  catalyse  ·  catalysed  ·  catalysing

词组短语

catalytic action

与催化相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The 20S catalytic core of the 26S proteasome has the shape of a barrel made of four rings which are composed of seven differentαsubunitsα_1-α_7 at two outer rings and seven differentβsubunitsβ_1-β_7 at two inner rings at which the catalytic sites locate. Three of theβsubunits contain proteolyses sites, which are sequestered in the hollow interior of the 20S particle. Substrates enter the 20S through a narrow channel formed by theβsubunits, whose N-termini, depending on their conformation, can either obstruct or allow substrate entry and thus function as a gate. This entry channel is narrow and only permits passage of unfolded, linearized polypeptides.

哺乳动物26S蛋白酶体是由一个20S催化颗粒(catalytic particle，CP)和两个19S调节颗粒(regulatory particle，RP)组成的ATP(adenosine-triphosphate，ATP)依赖性蛋白水解酶复合体。20S CP是26S蛋白酶体的催化核心，它是由4个圆环堆叠形成的桶状复合物，其中两侧外环每个环是由α_1-α_7亚基组成，两个内环每个环是由β_1-β_7亚基组成，4个环的中央形成一个狭窄的内腔。2个β内环形成了20S CP的催化中心空腔，其内壁为催化活性位点所在地；外侧α环中心的孔道是底物到达催化中心空腔的通道，一般被α亚基上的N末端所封闭，阻止胞内非目的靶蛋白进入20S CP内被降解破坏。

The mechanism of modified Catalysts treating leachate through microwave catalytic oxidation showed that, for those rich in granular organic matters, microwave catalytic oxidation attains good pretreatment effect, while for those rich in dissolved organic matter, the effluent attained the municipal wastewater effluent standardsⅢafter treated; Molecular weigh cutting experiments showed that the removal efficiency of organic matter changes disproportionally with different molecular weight.

单目标物质催化剂的机理分析表明，以空气为氧化剂时，Ni-O/CeO_2催化剂的催化效能高于以Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂的催化效能；以H_2O_2为氧化剂以Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂的催化效能高于Ni-O/CeO_2催化剂的催化效能；微波催化氧化反应与常温常压催化氧化反应和水浴催化氧化反应相比大大缩短了反应时间、提高了反应效率。

Selective doping has been proved to be a semiconductor oxide improve the photocatalytic activity of the most effective ways The introduction of certain metal ions can greatly improve the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency, Recently, a lot on the adoption of the doping to improve the photocatalytic oxidation performance reports, doped semiconductor photocatalysis material because of its physical and optical properties change, thereby improving the photocatalytic properties.

有选择性的进行掺杂已被证明是一种提高半导体氧化物光催化活性的极其有效的方法，掺入一定的金属阳离子能极大的提高TiO2的光催化效率，最近有大量的关于通过掺杂来提高TiO2的光催化性能的报道，掺杂的半导体光催化材料由于其物理和光学性质的改变，通过扩展光响应范围和提高光生电荷的分，从而提高了光催化性能。

It was found that the samples PVP-PdCl2-CdCl2 and PVP-PdCl2-HgCl2, compared with PVP-PdCl2, exhibited much higher catalytic activity and dechlorination selectivity, and the yields of the coupling by-products were obviously decreased. For example, when p-chloroaniline was used as substrate, the reaction time was shortened to 1/8, and the yield of dechlorination product was about 25 times as much as the original one, and when p-chlorotoluene was used as substrate, the yield of coupling by-product catalyzed by bimetallic catalyst was 1/390 of that catalyzed by monometallic catalyst.

与负载型单金属催化剂PVP-PdCl2相比， PVP-PdCl2-CdCl2和PVP-PdCl2-HgCl2对氯代芳烃脱氯有高得多的催化活性和脱氯选择性，且偶联副产物显著减少；以对氯苯胺为底物时，双金属催化下的反应时间缩短为单金属催化下的1/8，而脱氯产物收率提高25倍；底物为对氯甲苯时，双金属催化下的偶联副产物仅为单金属催化下的1/390。

The TiO2 synthesized by normal and reverse micelles as templated were applied for phot ocatalytic of Rhodamine B and organic toxic small molecule 2.4-dichlorophenol under ultraviolet irradiation. Oxidation species and photodegradation products in the photoreaction process were detected for studying their photocatalyst properties. The results showed that: the R-TiO2 had a better photocatalysis property under UV irradiation when photodegradation of RhB and DCP compared to the N-TiO2. After 160min, the mineralized rate of RhB can be 95%. And the oxidative species was mainly referred to OH radical.

利用正相和反相胶束介质模板制备的纳米TiO2为光催化剂，在紫外光照射下，对染料罗丹明B和有机有毒无色小分子2，4-二氯苯酚进行光催化降解，研究了其光催化性能，并对光催化过程中氧化物种及降解产物进行了跟踪测定，结果表明，反相胶束模板体系制备的纳米TiO2与正相胶束介质制备的纳米TiO2比较，在紫外照射下对RhB及DCP的降解有较好的光催化性能，对RhB在160min尤催化矿化率可达95%，光催化反应主要的氧化物种涉及在基自由基。

Generally, the main point of this thesis rests with exploring novel hydrothermal methods to synthesize functional stannate composite oxides nano-materials, and studying the formation and morphology controlled mechanism of the composite oxides nano-materials under hydrothermal conditions. The main research achievements are summed up as follows:(1)According to the testing needs of photocatalytic hydrogen-generation, we have designed and set up a suit of photocatalytic H2-generation equipments with external light irradiation.

本文正是在这一背景条件下，重点研究以水热法合成锡酸盐纳米光催化材料，并对合成出的样品进行了细致的表征分析，初步研究纳米材料的光催化活性，探索纳米催化剂的颗粒尺寸、形貌和晶体结构对催化性能的影响规律，其内容主要包括以下几个方面：(1)根据光催化制氢的需要，设计并组建了一套外置光源照射的光催化制氢装置。

The Schiff base transitional metal complexes of various structures and their metallomicelles as peroxidase models for the phenol and phenolic derivant oxidation have been investigated. Some results are obtained from the studies:(1) the Schiff base transitional metal complexes have high catalytic activity for the phenol and phenolic derivant oxidation, and the structure of the complexes has a great effect on its catalytic activity;(2)a novel kinetic mathematical model for the complexes and their metallomicelles catalyzing the phenolic derivant oxidation has been established;(3) the feasibility and mechanism for the phenolic derivant oxidation catalyzed by the metallomicelle(as the mimetic model of peroxidase)have been discussed.

研究了冠醚Schiff碱金属配合物作为过氧化物酶的模拟模型对酚类物质氧化反应的催化作用，取得如下结果：(1)几种冠醚Schiff碱金属配合物对催化酚类物质氧化具有良好的催化活性，其中配体结构对其催化活性有较大的影响；(2)建立了金属配合物与表面活性剂形成的金属胶束催化酚类物质氧化反应的动力学数学模型；(3)探讨了金属胶束模拟过氧化物酶催化酚类氧化反应的可行性及其机理。

The results showed that (1) The grain size of nanometer YiO_2 was40～80nm.The wavelength corresponding to the maximum absorbency values were observedin the 200～320nm range.The crystal structure of carbon doped TiO_2 photocatalyst is primarilyanatase(22.43% rutile), and the content of carbon is about 4.6%.(2) The relative humidityvaring from 8% to 80%, the photocatalytic degradation degree of benzene increased withincreasing relative humidity; and to toluene, degradation rate was hanced by relative humidityup to 60%, and more or less inhibited above 60%.(3) Scheme and results of orthogonal testswere used by evaluating the photocatalytic performance of the gas phase methanol, acetoneand 1-heptane.The results revealed that their degradation degree reached 84.5%, 93.39% and93.45%, respectively.(4) The 254nm UV lamp showed higher photocatalytic degradation rate.For methanol, acetone and 1-heptane, it was found that photocatalytic degradation reactionoccurs with the light strength of daylight lamp.(5) Under the the same conditions, 15%degradation degree has been obtained for benzene, whilst about 10% degradation degree wasattained by Degussa P25; During the initial phases, the toluene revealed higher photocatalyticactivity, comparing with Degussa P25, the degradation degree of methanol, acetone and1-heptane were slightly lower.

结果表明：(1)CVD法制备的纳米TiO_2光催化剂，颗粒球形度好、粒径在40～80nm之间；最大吸光度值所对应的波长为200～320nm；含碳量约为4.6％；晶型组成主要为锐钛矿型，金红石的含量约为22.43％；(2)在相对湿度为8％～80％范围内，苯的光催化降解率随着相对湿度的增大而增大；甲苯在相对湿度为60％时达到最好降解效果，当相对湿度增大到80％时光催化效果降低；(3)将正交实验设计及实验方案应用于气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷光催化降解研究，实验结果表明：三者最高降解率分别为84.5％、93.39％和93.45％；(4)有254nm紫外灯参与的光催化实验可以大大提高有机气体的光催化降解率；在日光灯的照射下，掺碳纳米TiO_2对气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷具有一定的光催化氧化能力；(5)较P25粉，在相同的光催化操作条件下：气相苯的平均降解率达15％，高于P25粉10％的降解率；气相甲苯在初始阶段具有较高的反应速率；气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷的降解率略低于P25粉。

Study result suggest: The change of stock in RFCCU directly affect gasoline content. Gasoline content can be reduced through increasing the equilibrium activity of catalyst, controlling reaction level, increasing recirculating rate of gasoline and stability of gasoline level. Conclusions drawn from experiment is that optimization of operating condition has great effect on lowering olefine content of gasoline which can be reduced from 60% to 50%.Reducing reaction temperature is useful for lowering olefine content of gasoline, when the reaction temperature is raised, thermal cracking rate is higher than catalytic cracking rate, so that olefine content is increased. Raising catalyst-to-oil ratio is good for lowering olefine content. With conversion rate increased, the yield of LPG and coke is raised, the yield of gasoline is increased firstly and then decreased slightly, hydrogen transfer index is increased, so the olefine content is decreased.

研究结果表明：催化裂化装置的原料的变化直接影响到催化汽油的烯烃含量；可以通过优化催化装置的操作条件来降低催化汽油中的烯烃含量，其中通过提高催化剂平衡活性、控制反应深度、增加汽油回炼量、汽油深度稳定可以降低催化汽油烯烃含量，优化工艺条件对降低催化汽油烯烃含量有较大作用，汽油烯烃含量由60％降至50％左右；降低反应温度有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，当反应温度的提高，热裂化反应速度提高的幅度大于催化裂化反应速度提高的幅度，汽油烯烃含量增加；剂油比的提高有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，转化率提高，液化气产率提高，汽油收率先增加后略有下降，焦炭产率增加，氢转移反应指数提高，汽油烯烃含量下降；反应时间对产品分布及汽油烯烃含量有影响，增加提升管反应时间，液化汽、汽油产率提高，干气和焦炭产率增加。

The following main results are obtained: The TiO_2 photocatalyst with small crystallite size, high surface area, narrow and uniform pore size distribution, and microporous frameworks could be prepared out by applying MW radiation in the preparation process. The microwave-induced fluorescence technique verified for the first time that microwave enhanced the formation rate of hydroxyl radical, leading to the increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with the conventional catalyst, TiO_2 prepared by MW dielectric heating owns a higher UV absorption ability, and its optical absorption edge and photovoltaic response are shifted toward the short wavelength region, resulting in increase of photooxidation efficiency. The photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde are increased respectively by 30% and 40% over the TiO2 prepared by MW radiation when compared to the TiO2 prepared by the conventional heating. For the MW-assisted photocatalytic reaction over the MW-prepared TiO2, production of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced by 22.5%, and the photocatalytic conversion is accordingly increased by 20%. Similarlly, applying MW also increased the photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde over TiO2/Al2O3 sample.

论文得到如下主要结果和结论：(1)微波介电加热TiO_2 溶胶可得到晶粒度小、光催化活性高、比表面积大和孔径分布窄而均一，且微孔发达的TiO_2光催化剂；在溶胶干燥处理过程中微波可使催化剂表面缺陷增加，进而导致光催化反应过程有更多的活性羟基自由基产生；(2)微波制备能显著增强TiO_2 样品的紫外光吸收率，并使其光吸收和光伏响应阈值发生蓝移，从而提高TiO_2的氧化还原能力；(3)与常规加热法所制TiO_2比较，微波法制备的TiO_2对乙醛的光催化降解转化率提高30%，CO_2生成率提高40%以上；(4)与未加微波辐射时相比，发现在光催化反应过程中施加微波，TiO_2 的羟基自由基生成速率提高了22.5%，相应CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率提高了20%；对Al_2O_3/TiO_2催化剂，CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率甚至提高了33%，同时CO_2 的生成率也都大幅度提高；(5)微波辐射可改变光催化降解乙醛的产物分布，推断施加微波时乙醛光催化降解按照羟基自由基引发的链式反应机理进行，微波&非热效应&起主要作用。

与催化相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

catalytic afterburner：催化补燃室

catalytic activity | 催化活性 | catalytic afterburner | 催化补燃室 | catalytic alkylation | 催化烃化

catalytic aromatization：催化芳化

catalytic analysis 催化分析 | catalytic aromatization 催化芳化 | catalytic combustion 催化燃烧

catalytic aromatization：催化芳构化

catalytic alkylation 催化烃化 | catalytic aromatization 催化芳构化 | catalytic chromatography 催化色谱

catalysis：催化

自从1836年由瑞典化学家Berzelius提出催化(catalysis)概念以来,催化科学和技术取得了长足进步,成为现代工业文明得以实现的重要基石之一. 事实上,催化技术是化学工业和石油化学工业的最核心技术. 例如,80%以上的化学工业涉及催化技术,

Heterogeneous Catalysis：多相催化(催化剂与反应物处于不同相如在固体和流体相界面间发生催化作用)

glass delivery tube 玻璃导管 | heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化(催化剂与反应物处于不同相如在固体和流体相界面间发生催化作用) | homogeneous catalysis 均相催化(催化剂与反应物在同相中反应)

Catalytic cracking：催化裂化

石油化工催化剂及其工业应用 一、酸碱催化剂 二、过渡金属催化剂 三、过渡金属络合物催化剂 四、氧化物和硫化物催化剂 五、双功能催化剂 六、石油化工中应用的催化材料 思考题第四节 催化裂化一、催化裂化(catalytic cracking)的工艺特点二、催化

catalytic chromatography：催化层析法;催化层析术

"catalytic carrier","催化载体;触媒载体" | "catalytic chromatography","催化层析法;催化层析术" | "catalytic coefficient","催化系数"

catalytic subunit：催化亚单位, 催化亚基

catalytic site | 催化部位 | catalytic subunit | 催化亚单位, 催化亚基 | catalytic tower | 催化反应塔

autocatalytic：自催化

一般文献上把化学镀贵金属分成三种类型,即置换(galvanic displacemat)、自催化(autocatalytic)及基体催化(substrate catalytic). 这种分类方法显然不够完善,因一般的化学氐是专指自催化过程. 置换法是很容易与后两种催化过程相区别,

katalysis：催化作用

首次对催化现象进行总结,并给了一个新的术语"催化作用"(Katalysis)的是瑞典化学大师J.J.贝采里乌斯,这一术语,一直到今天在科学上仍然使用它. 50-60年代初,魏茨(P.B.Weisz)等提出了分子筛晶内催化和择形催化作用. 在此顺便指出,