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The simulation study shows that linear polarization sensitivity of silvered orthogonal twin mirrors is better than that of aluminum or aurum mirrors at the range of 0.4μm～10μm, and the silvered orthogonal twin mirrors have less influence on polarization ratio than those of aluminum and aurum mirrors.
模拟计算结果显示：在0.4μm～10μm波段内，非理想正交镀银反射镜的线偏振灵敏度优于铝、金等正交反射镜，且对光束偏振度的改变最小，因此正交镀银反射镜在高精度偏振遥感探测中值得广泛应用；若把角度误差控制在0.5°内，则正交镀银反射镜的偏振特性对偏振遥感器的辐射度和偏振度影响很小，具有较好的消偏性能。
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And then some ellipses that AUGR estimator is better than the OLS estimator and AUGL estimator is better than the OLS estimator are given, respectively.Second, the definition of the almost unbiased unified biased estimator is proposed. This definition includes the familiar almost unbiased estimators in literatures, and it is the unified expression of the familiar almost unbiased estimators. Followed the biased and variance are compared of AUUB estimator and the unified biased estimator, respectively. AUUB estimator has smaller bias than UB estimator and the variance of AUUB estimator is between the variance of UB estimator and 4 times of the variance of UB estimator. Finally the properties of AUUB estimator are discussed. The conclusion is gained that there are parameters made AUUB estimator is better than OLS estimator in terms of their mean square error. The sufficient and necessary condition that AUUB estimator is admissible is given. The ellipse is given that AUUB estimator is
然后给出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计的定义，该定义包括了文献中常见的几乎无偏估计，实现了常见几乎无偏估计的统一表达式；接下来我们比较了几乎无偏统一有偏估计与统一有偏估计的偏度与方差，得出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计比统一有偏估计有较小的偏度，几乎无偏统一有偏估计的方差介于统一有偏估计的方差与统一有偏估计的方差的四倍之间的结论；最后我们对统一有偏估计的主要性质作了讨论，证明了存在参数K，S使得几乎无偏统一有偏估计在均方误差意义下优于最小二乘估计的结论，给出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计为可容许估计的充要条件，还给出了在均方误差阵意义下几乎无偏统一有偏估计优于最小二乘估计的椭球。
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The following are main points in the thesis.(1) On the basis of widely researching of the domestic and overseas references, there are four types of depolarizers being summed up and introduced in this thesis, the four types are spatial averaging depolarizer, time averaging depolarizer, fiber ring depolarizer and spectral averaging depolarizer.
本论文主要完成的工作是：(1)在查阅了大量的文献的基础上，总结了四种类型的退偏器，空间偏振态平均退偏器、时域平均退偏器、光纤环退偏器、光谱平均退偏器，并分别对四种类型的退偏器的工作原理进行了深入的研究，为每种退偏器的设计方法建立了数学模型。
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The present invention discloses one kind of double micro polarizing free stereo imaging device and method. The device includes image plane, slit grating and double micro polaroid. The double micro polaroid sandwiches the slit grating, and the micro polaroid in the image plane side is between the image plane and the slit grating. The double micro polaroid consists of two adjacent lines of micro polarizing units, which are orthogonally arranged.
本发明公开了一种双微偏振式自由立体成像的装置及其方法，该装置包括图像面、狭缝光栅以及双微偏振片，其中双微偏振片是指上下两层微偏振片将狭缝光栅夹在中间，其中处于图像面一侧的微偏振片处于图像面与狭缝光栅之间；所述的微偏振片由相邻两列微偏振单元的透光轴方向相互垂直的微偏振单元周期性分布构成，即所谓"正交排列"；所述的狭缝光栅由等宽度的遮光条纹平行排列组成。
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This, he believed, was because the language functions of the brain have already been established in a particular part of the brain; that is, because lateralization 偏侧优势 has already occurred by this time.
他认为，这是因为大脑的语言功能已经在大脑某一部位确立，也就是因为这个时期偏侧优势已经出现了。
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In particular, built on lots large chamber稍偏house, it is obviously very difficult it was prohibitively expensive.
特别是建立在许多大型商会稍偏房子，这显然是非常困难的是昂贵。
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The method utilizes an optical device which consists of polarization control elements and polarization beam splitting pieces for realizing the multi-switching of polarization or non-polarization light; in a position sequence, one polarization beam splitting piece is arranged on a main optical path at the back surface of each polarization control element, thereby commonly constituting a 'single-pole double-throw' optical switch with a controller; the controller changes the polarization state of input light beams by driving the polarization control elements according to the control logic, and the input light beams are switched to any one path on an output channel through the polarization beam splitting pieces, thereby completing the designated optical information processing function.
利用偏振控制元件和偏振分束片两种光学元件组成的光学装置实现偏振或非偏振光的多路切换；在位置序列上，每个偏振控制元件后面主光路上放置一块偏振分束片，并和控制器共同构成一个'单刀双掷'光开关；控制器按照控制逻辑驱动偏振控制元件改变输入光束的偏振态，并通过偏振分束片将输入光束切换到输出通道上的任何一路，来完成指定的光信息处理功能。
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According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.
由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。
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The Taiwan mountain system and Island of Taiwan northeast - southwest moves towards parallel, the vertical stroke lies middle the Island of Taiwan 偏东 the position, forms east the main island the multi- sierras, middle the multi- knolls, west the multi- plains terrain characteristic.
台湾山系与台湾岛的东北——西南走向平行，竖卧于台湾岛中部偏东位置，形成本岛东部多山脉、中部多丘陵、西部多平原的地形特征。
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The Somali jet is rapidly enhanced two pentads prior to the onset of SCSSM, thus accelerating the eastward extension of the westerly over the Bay of Bengal and leading to the eastward retreat of the western Pacific subtropical high . At the same time, the rapid enhancement of SCS CEF can also result in the northward march of WPSH and the onset of SCSSM. The earlier establishment and stronger southerlies correspond to the earlier onset time of SCSSM, and vice versa. Both composite and correlation analyses show that the 150hPa Asia-Australia CEF in boreal spring has important influences on EASM.
相关分析和合成分析的结果还显示，春季150hPa亚澳越赤道气流对东亚夏季风有重要影响：当春季该气流偏弱时，北半球夏季西太平洋副高强度偏强，位置偏南偏西，南亚高压强度也偏强，这样的环流背景使江淮流域6—7月降水偏多，华南华北降水偏少；反之，当春季该气流偏强时，夏季西太副高强度偏弱，位置偏北偏东，南亚高压强度也偏弱，江淮流域夏季降水偏少，华南华北降水偏多。
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interviewer bias：调查者偏倚
差异性信息偏倚的两种常见类型是回忆偏倚(recall bias)和调查者偏倚(interviewer bias). 回忆偏倚产生于研究对象在记忆过去活动和暴露上的差异能力. 调查者偏倚产生于调查者对研究对象有差异性地收集信息. 采取盲法调查可以降低调查者偏倚.
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misclassification bias：错误分类偏倚
控制方法: 控制方法二,信息偏倚:(information bias)又称测量偏倚或观察偏倚,来自于测量或资料收集方法问题,使获取的资料存在系统误 信息偏倚: 测量偏倚或观察偏倚, 自于测量或资料收集方法问题, 信息偏倚 测量偏倚或观察偏倚 错误分类偏倚(misclassification bias).
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Skewness, negative：负偏态,左偏态
Skewness, moderate 温和偏态 | Skewness, negative 负偏态,左偏态 | Skewness, positive 正偏态,右偏态
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Negatively skewed：负偏
分散於两侧的分数少,将形成高狭峰(leptokurtic)的分配偏态 描述一个变项的对称性(symmetry)的量数称为偏态系数不对称的资料称为偏态资料,依其方向可分为负偏(negatively skewed)(或左偏,即左侧具有偏离值)、正偏(positively skewed)(或右偏,
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NNW：西北偏北
二十八、风向:风吹来的风向,气象上常用十六个方位和静风表示,即北(N),东北偏北(NNE),东北(NE),东北偏东(ENE),东(E),东南偏东(ESE),东南(SE),东南偏南(SSE),南(S),西南偏南(SSE),西南(SW),西南偏西(WSW),西(W),西北偏西(WNW),西北(NW),西北偏北(NNW)和静风(C,风速<
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polarizing angle：起偏振角,偏振角
polarizer 起偏振器,偏振器 | polarizing angle 起偏振角,偏振角 | polarizing filter 起偏振濾波器,偏振濾波器
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Polarizing Filter：起偏振滤波器,偏振滤波器
polarizing angle 起偏振角,偏振角 | polarizing filter 起偏振濾波器,偏振濾波器 | polaroid 偏振片
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Positively skewed：正偏
将形成高狭峰(leptokurtic)的分配偏态 描述一个变项的对称性(symmetry)的量数称为偏态系数不对称的资料称为偏态资料,依其方向可分为负偏(negatively skewed)(或左偏,即左侧具有偏离值)、正偏(positively skewed)(或右偏,即右侧具有偏离值)与对称(symmetrical)三种情形一个对称的钟型分配,
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negative skew distribution：负偏态分布,负偏斜分布
negative signed rank 负符号等级 | negative skew distribution 负偏态分布; 负偏斜分布 | negative skewness 负偏态; 负偏斜度; 负向偏态; 负向偏斜度
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hemianopsia：偏侧盲/偏盲
hemianopia /偏侧盲/ | hemianopsia /偏侧盲/偏盲/ | hemianosmia /偏侧味觉缺失/偏侧嗅觉缺失/