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XRD revealed that diffraction angle of 002 peak did not change obviously, while by contrast, L a and L c decreased by loading with Fe2O3, indicating decreasing degree of graphitization for microcrystalline structure of char.
由XRD可知，Fe2O3没有使得煤样半焦的002峰衍射角发生明显变化，但使 L a和 L c参数明显降低，说明半焦的微晶结构石墨化程度降低。
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The wall of the burning chamber was pitted at the beginning then gradually burnt through.By means of the Bunsen burner,tubular furnace and XRD,SEM,EDS,this special type of high-temperabure destruction was studied.It was found that the phenomenon is resulted from the combined action of CO and lower hydrocarbon on Ni-Cr alloy.Firstly,Ni-Cr alloy is carbonized and selectively oxidized by CO to produce Cr2C,Cr3C2 and Ni-Cr2O3,while the capillary cracks in the surface layer are formed simultaneously.
作者利用几种现代手段和试验方法，对这一燃烧破坏现象进行了系统地模拟研究，发现这是CO和低分子烃在高温下对合金共同作用的结果：第一步CO作用使合金表层发生氧化和碳化，造成裂隙；第二步低分子烃扩散进裂隙并在Ni-Cr2O3微粒的催化下，裂解生在石墨炭并包复在Ni-Cr2O3微粒周围，体积增大。
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Cyclic polarization might cause changes in the surface structure of graphitic crystallites throughout, while polishing or potentiostatic polarization means did not.
循环活化可能完全改变了玻碳电极表面的石墨化微晶颗粒的界面结构，而恒电位活化和打磨处理则没有使之改变。
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According the research, by inducing TiC into conventional carbon/ graphite materials, their flexural strength increased 13.4%, compressive strength increased 38.1%, void ratio decreased 16.9% in respective. The reason of the performance improvement is as follows: TiC decomposed during the process and hence Ti accelerate the graphitize process, which can increase the mechanical performance of the carbon/ceramic composite materials.
从研究结果可以看出，TiC掺杂可使碳陶瓷复合材料的抗折强度提高13.4%，抗压强度提高38.1%，气孔率降低16.9%；其机理在於TiC掺杂在碳陶瓷复合材料制备过程中能促进碳陶瓷石墨化，使晶体更加完整、细化，有利於力学性能的提高。
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In further treatment with HNO3, the amount of surface oxygenous groups was increased, and the surface polari- ty was transformed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
随后的HNO3处理可以使石墨化活性炭表面的含氧基团增加，改变载体的浸润性能，有利于催化剂活性组分的分散及催化活性的提高。
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The experimental results denoted that the finer pearlite along the austenite boundaries in the as-cast Cr30Ni20NRE steel disappeared first under long-term and high-temperature service condition, and that an umber of Cr- richened carbides were formed due to unila-teral carburizing at long-term and high- temperature, consequently causing Ni to concentrate, bulging and calalyzing decomposition of the carburizing gas.
试验结果表明，长期在高温条件下服役，铸态Cr30Ni20NRE耐热钢中沿奥氏体晶界的珠光首先融入奥氏体，长期高温单边渗碳形成大量富铬碳化物，促使镍富集并起泡形成瘤状物，催化含碳气体的分解；表层瘤状物使辐射管表层疏松，表面积扩张，加快了碳向基体的渗入，提供了碳化物持续长大的条件，并引起沿碳化物周边开裂和奥氏体基体严重萎缩；合金元素的重新分布造成主合金元素铬和镍产生两极分化，镍和硅的富集促使石墨化，与侵入的氧形成内部氧化空洞和膨胀疏松，最终导致构件穿孔失效。
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graphitize：使石墨化
graphitization 石墨化 | graphitize 使石墨化 | graphitized 石墨化的