估算

基本解释 (translations)

compute  ·  computed  ·  computes

与估算相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The average relativeerror was 3.63%, less much than mostly used group-contribution methods for alkyne, chlorine derivative, iodine derivative, especially for alkane, bromine derivative, aromatic hydrocarbon, alicyclic hydrocarbon and sulfur-containing organic compounds.

对4068种有机物的正常沸点进行了估算，其平均相对误差为3.63%，总体估算精度明显优于相比较的基团贡献法，对炔烃、氯衍生物、碘衍生物，尤其是对烷烃类、溴衍生物、芳烃、脂环烃和含硫化合物的估算误差明显减小。

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

That's mainly because we have no sufficient data those methods need. Following Caser B. Mulligan and Xavier Sala-Martin (1995), we develop a new method to estimate the human capital in Chinese cities. The notion of human capital unit is explicitly defined in this paper. Some assumptions about human capital unit an production technology are also made.

在对单位人力资本和技术进行适当假设的基础上，设计了一个可实现的、人力资本估算框架，估算出单位人力资本在中国各城市所能得到的实际工资水平，并在此基础上估算了中国地级以上城市的人力资本，得到了中国各城市1990-2003年的人均人力资本。

That's mainly because we have no sufficient data those methods need. Following Caser B. Mulligan and Xavier Sala-Martin (1995), we develop a new method to estimate the human capital in Chinesecities. The notion of human capital unit is explicitly defined in this paper. Some assumptions about human capital unit an production technology are also made.

在对单位人力资本和技术进行适当假设的基础上，设计了一个可实现的、人力资本估算框架，估算出单位人力资本在中国各城市所能得到的实际工资水平，并在此基础上估算了中国地级以上城市的人力资本，得到了中国各城市1990-2003年的人均人力资本。

This method is used to estimate cost of new parts according to existing cost data of similar parts by calculating fuzzy close-in degree of new parts with existing similar parts,and manufacturing cost estimation can be implemented at the initial stage.

提出了一种基于相似性的零件成本估算方法，该方法通过计算新零件与类似的已有零件的贴近度，依据类似的已有零件成本资料估算新零件的成本，实现了零件制造成本早期估算。

This includes, but is not limited to, labor, materials, equipment, services, facilities, information technology, and special categories such as an inflation allowance or cost contingency reserve.

活动费用估算的详细支持文件包括：活动工作范围描述；估算的基础文件；假设条件；约束条件；估算结果的可能范围等。

Based on the object-oriented programming of C++, this paper designsthe dead reckoning algorithm analysing system of distributed interactive simulation.

基于C＋＋面向对像的编程，设计出分布交互仿真的预估算法分析系统，模拟点对点、多点对多点信状态下预估算法的工作过程，对预估算法的效果进行了研究。

Its accurate error is lower than the permissible error regulated by the government in feasibility research phrase. Because of the penetrability of its process and normality and objectivity of its results, subjectivities of organizations or individuals can be avoided effectively and different estimators can get almost the same result by using it. Furthermore, its process has stronger persuasiveness than former ones. So it is obvious that the new method is better than former methods and other model predicting methods in similar studies.

经精确度分析对比和实例验证，这一新方法简捷高效、清晰合理、易于推广普及，不但能满足国家对建设项目可行性研究投资估算规定的允许精度要求，而且体现了估算过程的透明性、估算结果的规范性与客观性，能有效地避免投资估算时估算人员和组织的主观差异性，明显优于以往的估算方法和类似研究中用的模型估算方法。

Supervised and unsupervised image classification were applied to the study area TM image and t o the paddy field TM image. And the early rice areas were calculated by each met hod. Using the proposed methodology improved the quantitative accuracy of ear ly rice area estimated up to 93.98%, whereas it was 82.83%when image classific ation was used only. The extracted information from the c lassification is belonging to the early rice and not to any other vegetation. Si nce the GIS database is available, the method is easily applicable to any new RS images.

不同方法比较结果表明：非监督分类法不能用于提取丘陵山区的水稻种植面积；只用TM资料估算龙游县早稻面积，与统计数据相比，平行六面体分类法、最大似然分类法精度分别达到82.83%和59.95%；而用GIS 与TM资料集成技术对水田分布图进行分类估算早稻面积，平行六面体分类法、最大似然分类法的估算精度分别达到93.98%和60.65%，所以利用平行六面体分类法对南方丘陵山地早稻种植面积估算是可行的。

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

与估算相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Bottom Up Estimating：自下而上估算 +Bottom Up Estimating 自下而上估算

-#Bill of Materials 材料清单 +Bill of Materials 材料清单 | -#Bottom Up Estimating 自下而上估算 +Bottom Up Estimating 自下而上估算 | -#Boundary 边界 +Boundary 边界

Definitive Estimate：确定性估算 +#Definitive Estimate 确定性估算

-Definitive 确定性的 +#Definitive 确定性的 | -Definitive Estimate 确定性估算 +#Definitive Estimate 确定性估算 | -Delay 延期 +#Delay 延期

Estimate at Completion：完工估算

Estimate 估算 | Estimate at Completion 完工估算 | Estimate Based on Working Drawings 基于工作草图的估算

Estimate at Completion：完工估算 +#Estimate at Completion 完工估算

-Estimate 估算 +#Estimate 估算 | -Estimate at Completion 完工估算 +#Estimate at Completion 完工估算 | Acceleration 加速

Estimate At Completion-EAC：完工估算

Estimate 估算 | Estimate At Completion-EAC 完工估算 | Estimate To Complete-ETC 完工尚需估算

完工估算 +#Estimate at Completion 完工估算：Estimate at Completion

-Estimate 估算 +#Estimate 估算 | -Estimate at Completion 完工估算 +#Estimate at Completion 完工估算 | Acceleration 加速

estimating：估算

2.0.39 估算 (estimating)估算是估计为完成项目所需的资源及其所需费用的过程. 在项目实施过程中,通常应编制初期控制估算、批准的控制估算、首次核定估算、二次核定估算. (相当于概算)2.0.40 预算 (budgeting)预算是指把批准的控制估算分配到记帐码或单个活动或工作包上去.

Cost Estimating：成本估算

成本估算(Cost Estimating)是为完成项目各项任务所需要的资源成本的近似估算. 自下而上估算:通过对项目工作包进行详细的成本估算,然后通过成本账户和工作分解结构(WBS)将结果累加起来得出项目总成本. 这种方法最为准确.

KSA3 Run actual imputed cost calc：运行实际估算成本计算

KSA2 Display actual imputed cost calc. 显示实际估算成本计算 | KSA3 Run actual imputed cost calc. 运行实际估算成本计算 | KSA6 Maintain plan imputed cost calc. 维护计划估算成本

KSA7 Display plan imputed cost calc：显示计划估算成本

KSA6 Maintain plan imputed cost calc. 维护计划估算成本 | KSA7 Display plan imputed cost calc. 显示计划估算成本 | KSA8 Run plan imputed cost calc. 运行计划估算成本计算