两囊胚

基本解释 (translations)

diblastula

与两囊胚相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

An embryo at the stage following the blastula, consisting of a hollow, two-layered sac of ectoderm and endoderm surrounding an archenteron that communicates with the exterior through the blastopore.

原肠胚一种囊胚之后的胚胎，含有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层，包围着通过胚孔跟外界交流的原肠

Further more, 22% and 67% of cultured embryos developed to blastocyst stage after 96 hours of culture.

在M16中同时添加2.5mM牛磺酸和100μM EDTA两种成分可使1—细胞胚胎的囊胚发育率达到67％。

The results showed that 1 there were no significant differences in the rates of cytoplast protrusion and enucleation between oocytes that were incubated in colchicine (0.4 μg/mL) for 0.5 h and oocytes that were incubated in colchicine (0.4 μg/mL) for 1 h, and the rate of cytoplast protusion can be 85.4% while the rate of cytoplast enucleation is 100%. 2 There was no significant difference in oocyte enucleation between oocytes treated with medium containing 0.2 μg/mL colchicine for 0.5 h and oocytes treated with medium containing 0.4 μg/mL colchicine for 0.5 h. 3 A maturation time of 18–23 h did not affect the rates of cytoplast protusion and enucleation by chemically assisted enucleation, whereas the rate of enucleation of oocytes by blind enucleation was found to decrease with a prolonged incubation time. 4 The development rates of reconstructed embryos could not be influenced by these two enucleation methods, increased from oocytes matured for 21–23 h.

结果表明： 1 卵母细胞在0.4 mg/mL的秋水仙素溶液中分别孵育0.5 h和1 h，胞质突起率和去核率没有显著的差异，突起率可高达85.4%，去核率达到100%； 2 0.2 mg/mL或0.4 mg/mL秋水仙素溶液将卵母细胞处理0.5 h，对去核效果没有显著影响； 3 对于体外成熟18~23 h的卵母细胞，随着成熟时间的延长，盲吸法的去核率降低，但没有影响秋水仙素诱导胞质突起的比率和去核率； 4 两种去核方法对重构胚的发育没有产生显著影响，但成熟21~23 h卵母细胞重构胚囊胚的发育率显著高于成熟18~20 h卵母细胞重构胚囊胚的发育率。

In blastula embryos and 50% epiboly embryos, the zygotic pou2 transcript is also distributed in every blastomere cell. At the stage of 90% epiboly, expression of pou2 converges to the dorsal midline of embryos and locates in two waves of lateral neural plate and two transverse stripes in the brain region. In embryos at 100% epiboly, pou2 transcript is restricted in the neural plate and areas of presumptive midbrain amid himdbrain. From somite stage, gibel carp pou2 can not be detected any more, which is consistent with the RT-PCR result.

在高囊胚期和50%下包期，高度表达的合子转录本仍在所有的胚盘细胞中，但至90%下包期时，pou2的表达向胚胎背部的正中线汇聚，集中在神经板的两侧区域和脑部的两条横向条带在100%下包期时，pou2的表达集中在神经板的中间区域以及预期形成的中后脑区域至体节期时，转录本消失，这与RT-PCR结果高度一致。

In the late of April of the second year, male inflorescences unbound and pollinated. When female inflorescences accepted the pollen grains, ovary development was increased in early May. With the development of either of the two ovule, funiculus, integument and nucellus were differentiated. Embryo sac mother cell came into being and the meiosis begins. Then fuctional megaspore developed into matured embryo sac that contain eight nucleuses. In the end of May, double fertilization generated.

次年，4月下旬，雄花序解螺旋散粉，雌花序开花授粉；5月上旬，雌花序授粉后，迅速增长，子房膨大，两个胚珠分化出珠柄、珠被和珠心，珠心中产生孢原细胞；5月中下旬，大孢子母细胞形成并减数分裂，功能性大孢子形成成熟的八核胚囊；5月底，发生双受精。

The expression of subunits α5,β1,β3 was detected in normal morulas and increased in blastocysts. The expression of subunit α1 was not detected in morulas or blastocysts, but detected only in outgrowing trophocytes. 3. Expression of integrin β3 in irradiated group embryos was weaker than that of normal group. There was no expression of integrin α1 both in morulas and blastocysts in irradiated group and no difference in the expression of subunits α5 and β1 between these two groups.

结果：1、超声波照射组胚胎贴附率、滋养细胞外延生长率均显著低于正常胚胎。2、正常胚胎桑椹胚期即有α5、β1、β3整合素表达，而无α1表达；囊胚期α5、β1、β3表达增强，仍无α1表达；α1只出现在外延生长的滋养细胞。3、超声波照射组胚胎β3整合素的表达明显弱于正常组，且未见α1表达；而α5、β1的表达两组间无差异。

The results showed that the expression of calm3 and trm112l genes had no remarkable differences in oocytes and 8-cells stage embryos, but were significantly different in blastocysts. It was supposed that these two genes were possibly maternal genes, and they might be involved in oocyte maturation and zygotic genome activation.

结果显示，在卵母细胞和8细胞期胚胎，基因calm3和trm112l的表达量无显著性差异，而在囊胚期的表达量与前两个时期的表达量存在显著性差异，推测这两个基因在牛胚胎发育过程中的表达可能属于母型调控，提示该基因在卵母细胞成熟和合子基因激活中起一定作用。

Our study includes four aspects. In the first aspect we study several important conditions of porcine oocytes maturation in vitro and oocytes cleavage after parthenogenetic activation and found mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15% PFF+0.57mMcysteine is a good culture condition .When the Cocs are cultured in it ,the maturation rate and oocytes cleavage rate are higher than those of foreign covered. Our result are (86.7±3.35)% and (86.3±4.16)% and the highest report of foreign is(85.7±4.1)%.In the second aspect we study the effect of different chemical activations on development of porcine parthennogenetic embryo and found two best activation method. The first one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 20μmol/L ionomycin for 30 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 5μg/mICB and 5mM/L6-DMAP for 3.5 hours, the oocytes cleavage rate and morulae/blastocysts development rate are (76.7±7.6)% and (37.1±6.4)%.The second one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 200μM/L Thimerosal for 20 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 8mM DTT for 30 minutes

本研究分为4个部分，第一部分对影响猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活后胚胎分裂的几个重要条件进行了比较研究，确立了一种较好的培养方法：与颗粒细胞共培养，找到了一种适合猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养基：mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15%PFF+0.57mM半胱氨酸，成熟率和分裂率分别为(86.7±3.35)%和(86.3±4.16)%，国外报道的最高成熟率为(85.7±4.1)%；第二部分对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的化学方法进行了研究，确立了化学激活猪卵母细胞的两种最佳方法：1将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞用20μmol/Lionomycin作用30min，再将卵母细胞培养于含5μg/mlCB和5mM/L 6-DMAP(6-二甲基氨基嘌呤)的NCSU-23培养液中，卵裂率和桑囊胚发育率达到(76.7±7.6)%和(37.1±6.4)%2将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞在200μM/L的Thimerosal中处理20min，再与8mM的DTT共孵育30min，卵裂率和桑/囊胚形成率为(81.0±2.8)%和(39.6±2.7)%；第三部分对孤雌激活胚胎的培养条件进行了研究，确立了一种最佳的胚胎培养条件：在SOF简单培养基中添加颗粒细胞进行前3天的培养，然后转入添加胎牛血清的NCSU—23培养基并和输卵管上皮细胞进行后期的培养，其桑椹胚和囊胚的发育率为(59.5±3.2)%；第四部分研究了IGF-I

The proportion of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was not significantly different between two systems, however the static microdevice environments produced significantly more morulas than did control groups.

胚胎发育成囊胚阶段在两个系统之比率并无明显差异，然而在静态微装置环境比对照组产生明显较多桑葚体。

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

与两囊胚相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

amphiblastula：两囊幼虫

在钙质海绵中,形成中空的两囊幼虫(amphiblastula),在寻常海绵纲中形成实心的实胚幼虫(parenchymula). 钙质海绵,例如白枝海绵或毛壶的受精卵在母体的中胶层中发育,当受精卵经细胞分裂形成16个细胞时,构成动物极的为8个小细胞,

amphiblastula：双极囊胚

amphiblastula 两囊幼虫 | amphiblastula 双极囊胚 | amphibolehornblende 角闪石

Compatibility：亲和性

光敏素的两种类型的转化可总结如下式:花粉落在柱头后能否萌发,花粉管能否生长并通过花柱组织进入胚囊受精取决于花粉与雌蕊的亲和性(compatibility)和识别反应.

hypoblast：下胚层

胚胎本身是由两个致密的上皮区域形成的:即羊膜腔底部,称为上皮层(epiblast), 卵黄囊的顶部称下胚层( hypoblast). 这两个区域连合在一起,一个在另一个上面, 就形成了胚盘( blastodisc). 从这点起, 实际上胚胎的产生沿着我们非哺乳动物祖先铺设的路走.

dental papilla：牙乳头

形成原发性上皮带(primary epithelial band).很快就变成两个部分,即唇颊侧的前庭板和舌腭侧的牙板,进而发育成前庭沟和牙胚二.牙胚(tooth germ)的发育牙胚的组成 成釉器(enamel organ),牙乳头(dental papilla)和牙囊(dental sac)成釉细胞的超微结构 细胞高柱状,

synergid：助细胞

故一成熟的胚囊包括:靠近珠孔一端的一个卵细胞(Egg Cell)和两个助细胞(Synergid),及对面一端的三个反足细胞(Antipodal),和中央的两个极核. 普通的胚囊多如上述由六细胞及两核所成,但因植物?的不同而有种种变形.

bistipulate：具两托叶的

bisporic embryo sac 双孢子胚囊 | bistipulate 具两托叶的 | bisulcate 具两槽的

diblastula：两囊胚 二胚层胚 二叶性囊胚

dibitencoding 两位编码 | diblastula 两囊胚 二胚层胚 二叶性囊胚 | diborane 二硼烷 乙硼烷

diblastula：两囊胚

dibenzyline 苯氧苄胺 | diblastula 两囊胚 | dibrachia 复臂(畸形)

polyembryonic proliferation：多胚繁殖

这种变换生殖现象称为多胚繁殖(polyembryonic proliferation). 有些吸虫缺雷蚴期或囊蚴期,而另一些吸虫却具有两代以上的雷蚴期. 吸虫的感染期是尾蚴或囊蚴. 囊蚴被宿主吞食后,后尾蚴脱囊而出,部分吸虫后尾蚴及以尾蚴为感染期的吸虫需移行才能到达适宜发育的定居部位.