上颌骨后的

基本解释 (translations)

retromaxillary

与上颌骨后的相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The diagnostic features for the species include deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a a number of many pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, the posterolateral process of the parietal being long and sharply posteriorly directed, the column ar -like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior margin of the dentary, a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the medial surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns, absence of ventrolateral processes on intercentrum of t he atlas, T-shaped centrum of the first caudal in ventral view, transverse process on anterior caudals with rounded , and strongly anteroposteriorly expanded distal end, presence of two fossae separated by an oblique ridge on the lateral side of the anterior chevrons near the articular end, and pubis strongly curved psoteriorly.

这一属种的主要鉴定特征包括：前上颌骨后腹缘有一深凹、前上颌齿和上颌齿之间有一齿缺、眶前窝外表面前部有许多坑窝和脊、顶骨侧后突伸向后方、方骨的翼骨支边缘柱状、靠近前上颌齿齿冠舌面前缘有槽、环椎间椎体外腹突缺失、第一尾椎椎体腹视 T 形、前部尾椎横突远端前后向强烈扩展呈圆形、前部脉弧近端外侧面有两个被一斜脊分离的窝以及耻骨强烈向后弯曲。通过分析千禧中国鸟龙的96个骨骼学特征，发现其中21个特征支持奔龙类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近，9个特征支持奔龙类与伤齿龙类亲缘关系最近，25个特征支持奔龙类、伤齿龙类和鸟类亲缘关系较为接近。

The characteristics of skull bones are; underdevelopment of paramostoid process of the occipital bone; unjointing of zygomatic process from its arch with no supraorbital foramen; formation of semiglobal structure by petrous temporal bone;no naso -maxillary notch between nasal bone and nasal process of premaxilla; unobvious facial surface of lacrimal bones;well-developed nasal process of premaxilla; no facial crest of maxillae's exterior;...

头骨的主要特征是：枕骨的颈交不发达，眶上突不与颧弓相连，无眶上孔；颞骨岩部形成半球形鼓泡，鼻骨与颌前骨的鼻突之间不形成鼻颌切迹；泪骨几乎无颜面部；颌前骨的鼻突发达；上颌骨外面无面嵴；腭骨发达；犁骨腹缘后部不与鼻腔底壁接触；下颌骨支下缘无血管切迹、垂直部后下方有一角突。

The results indicate that both have well-developed nasals, frontal, opisthotic, and squamosal bones, but they have no orbitosphenoid, basisphenoid, pseudomesia bar, or supplemental maxilla.

研究结果表明：2种鱼均有发达的鼻骨、额骨、后耳骨和鳞片骨，上颌口缘由前颌骨构成，犁骨上具齿，上枕骨与额骨相接，左右顶骨分离，无眶蝶骨、基蝶骨、伪头中骨和辅上颌骨。

For each subject, the buccolingual bone thickness was measured by postulating that the miniscrews would be inserted at 16 positions (10, 12, 14 and 16 mm above the median sagittal planes of the interradicular spaces between the first molars and the second premolars in the maxilla, and 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° from the cortical bone surface).

在重建后的锥形线束CT影像上测量上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根间矢状面上距离参考平面10，12，14，16 mm的4个植入高度上，以与骨皮质表面成30°，45°，60°，90°的4个方向共16个部位的颊舌侧骨质厚度，计算各植入部位触及上颌窦的危险率，在骨厚度大于6 mm的植入部位模拟植入微螺钉种植体并测量其周围骨质密度。

In this research, the pubertal five-week-old SD rats were chose as experimental object to establish the animal model for simulating maxillary protraction, on which was imposed the orthopedic force of 85g with utilizing the self-devised maxillary protraction appliance. Located lateral X-ray cephalograms were taken to measure and analyze the changes of maxillary development after exerting the orthopedic force for 4 weeks. The technique of immunohistochemistry was used to investigate theexpression of TGF-, in frontomaxillary sutures and palatomaxillary sutures with identical force performing for different extent of time. The average hue was selected as indicator, which was measured by the means of the analysis system of pathological color images. The measuring data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA in software SPSS 11.0 version.

本研究采用自行设计的上颌前牵引装置，以生长发育期5周龄SD大鼠为实验对象，施加85g的矫形力，建立了模拟上颌前牵引的动物模型，通过X线头影测量分析，观察施力4周后上颌骨的生长发育情况；应用免疫组织化学技术，检测同一力值作用不同时段下TGF-β_1在上颌骨的额颌缝、腭颌缝的表达，彩色病理图象分析系统测定每张切片中阳性染色细胞的平均灰度值，结果采用SPSS 11.0进行方差分析。

Upper central incisors moved forward and downward together with maxillary, at the same time they upright in the sagittal plane and tip mesially. 3 The occlusion plane rotated clockwise for about 1.5°. 4 The width increasement effect of RME comes from approximately the equal amounts of skeletal and dental expansion. The mode of dental movement was a combination of body and tipping movements of posterior teeth.

结果：1后牙在宽度方向上为整体移动和倾斜移动相结合的移动方式，但第一磨牙和第一双尖牙稍有差别；牙齿和骨对宽度增加的贡献各占约1/2；2后牙在垂直方向有伸长的趋势；3第一磨牙和第一双尖牙均向前整体移动，轴倾度保持不变；4中切牙整体随上颌骨前部向前向下移动，其牙长轴发生直立，轴倾度增加；5上颌平面发生顺时针旋转。

In my study, a three-dimensional finite element model of human cranial-maxillary complex osteodistraction was established. The stress distribution and displacement under different loads were evaluated. The experiment results were feasible and effective to the stress analysis in the process of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.

本实验通过建立颅上颌复合体三维有限元模型，分析上颌骨LeFort Ⅰ型截骨后牵张成骨的生物力学特性，明确在不同牵引方向时上颌骨复合体各部位的应力分布特点及位移趋势，为临床改良和优化颅面部牵张成骨的治疗方案提供一定的参考依据。

The results of Pancherz analysis shows that the correction of negative overjet is mainly due to the advancement of maxilla and upper incisors. But the position changes of mandible and lower incisors imply that severe maxillary hypoplasia with high angle and/or mandibular retrusion is contraindicated by the method conducted in this study.

头影测量侧位片Pancherz分析法的分析结果表明，本研究中上颌后缩患者反覆盖的矫治主要由上颌骨、上切牙的前移引起的，但下颌骨和下切牙位置的变化提示适应症的选择应注意避免上颌后缩同时伴有高下颌角和／或下颌后缩的患者。

Zygomaticoalveolar crest is the major site to sustain stress , which indicates that the fixation of zygomaticoalveolar crest should be strengthened and bony zygomatic process support should be rebuilt .

颧牙槽嵴是腓骨瓣上颌骨重建后咀嚼压力的主要受力部位，腓骨瓣上颌骨重建时要加强颧牙槽嵴的固定，重建骨性颧突支柱。

Careful treatment can decrease the complication rate. 3. Three-dimensional finite element model analysis showed that zygomaticoalveolar crest is the major site sustaining stress, which indicated that the fixation of zygomaticoalveolar crest should be strengthened, if there is some space between zygomaticoalveolar crest and fibula bone, free bone graft can fill the space to rebuild the bony zygomatic process support.

游离腓骨复合组织瓣上颌骨重建的三维有限元分析表明，颧牙槽嵴部位是腓骨瓣上颌骨重建后咀嚼压力的主要受力部位，提示腓骨瓣上颌骨重建时要加强颧牙槽嵴的固定；当上颌骨切除后腓骨与颧牙槽嵴存在间隙时，应尽量采取游离骨块移植，充填间隙，重建骨性颧突支柱。

与上颌骨后的相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

Cranium：颅骨

某些软有鱼无鳞,皮肤裸露头骨分为颅骨(cranium)和咽骨(visceral)两部分. 颅骨的前背侧有一 孔,称为卤门;后端有一孔,称枕骨大孔,并与脊髓相通. 咽骨由上颌的腭方软骨(Palatoquadrate)和下颌的梅氏软骨(Meckel's cartilage)组成.

pterygopalatine fossa：翼腭窝

翼腭窝 翼腭窝(pterygopalatine fossa)为居于上颌骨与翼突之间的狭窄骨性腔隙,其前界为上颌骨,后界为翼突及蝶骨大翼的前面,顶为蝶骨体之下面,内侧壁为腭骨的垂直部.

vomer：犁骨

7)犁骨(vomer)为斜方形薄骨板,构成骨性鼻中隔的后下部. 8)下颌骨(mandibula)位于面部的前下方,居上颌骨之下. 可分为一体和两支,下颌体呈马蹄形,其牙槽缘有下颌牙根嵌入. 体的外侧面左、右各有一孔,称颏孔.

infratemporal crest：颞下嵴

从解剖学角度来看,颞下窝位于上颔骨的深部:上为颞骨鳞部及蝶骨大翼的颞下嵴(Infratemporal crest)或称横嵴的下侧面;前为上颌骨的颧突及上颌骨的颞下面(上颌窦后壁);内为蝶骨翼突的外侧板;外为颧弓及下颌支;后为翼突外侧板后缘及颞骨的下颌关节结节.

infratemporal space：颞下间隙

颞下间隙(infratemporal space)位于颞骨下方前界为上颌结节及上颌颧突后面;后界为茎突及茎突诸肌;内界为蝶骨翼突外板的外侧面;外界为下颌支上份及颧弓;上界为蝶内大翼的颞下面和颞下嵴;下界是翼外肌下缘平面并与翼下凳间隙分界该间隙中的脂肪组织颌内动静脉翼静脉丛三叉神经...

Mandibula：下颌骨

8)下颌骨(mandibula)位于面部的前下方,居上颌骨之下. 可分为一体和两支,下颌体呈马蹄形,其牙槽缘有下颌牙根嵌入. 体的外侧面左、右各有一孔,称颏孔. 下颌支为下颌体后端(两侧)向上伸出的长方形骨板,其上缘有两个突起,前者为喙突(肌突);

solenoglyphic tooth：管牙

上颌的前面具一对管状的大型毒牙,称管牙(solenoglyphic tooth),毒牙平时向后倒放在口腔内,张口时,随上颌骨而直立. 全为卵胎生. 包括陆生、树栖、半水栖和穴居的种类. 分布很广,包括欧洲、亚洲、非洲和美洲等地. 分为以下两亚科:蝰亚科(Viperinae)在眼与鼻孔之间不具颊窝.

suboperculum：下鳃盖骨

在前鳃盖骨和鳃盖骨之间及鳃盖骨的下面分别有一块小而薄的骨为间鳃盖骨( interoperculum)和下鳃盖骨( suboperculum ) .咽颅:咽颅的前颌骨(premaxilla)细长,腹缘有细齿,其背面有前面狭长、后端较宽的上颌骨(maxilla) ;上颌骨与前颌骨平行,

external carotid artery：颈外动脉

4.颈外动脉(external carotid artery) 自颈总动脉发出后,初居颈内动脉的内侧,继而转向其外侧,向上经二腹肌后腹和茎突舌骨肌深面上行,至下颌颈平面分为颞浅动脉和-上颌动脉两个终支.