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Disk well developed, 5-lobed; inflorescence a corymbose cyme, reduced inflorescence often appearing at tip of tendrils.
花丝合生，在基部的一半上形成一鞘在基部或；花萼在果期膨大但不是畸形；除了总是用明亮染色的苞片各种各样的花序；通常肉质的的草本 3 Ampelopsis 蛇葡萄属
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Leaves undeveloped, tuberculate, ca. 1 mm, base convex, decurrent, adnate to branch, distally touching base of next higher leaf, apex obtuse; leaves of branchlets sheathing and amplexicaul at base.
不发达的叶，具瘤，约1毫米，凸，下延的基部，贴生于分枝，上部与上面的临近叶的基部接触，先端钝；小枝具鞘和抱茎的在基部的叶。
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Male inflorescence pendulous, solitary in leaf axils toward base of branchlets or in paniculate clusters on lateral or subterminal shoots; flower solitary and scattered on rachis; perianth calyciform, 4-7-lobed or more lobed; stamens 4-7 or fewer, filaments slender; staminodes small.
托叶早落。雄花序下垂，叶腋单生向基部的小枝圆锥状簇生或在侧或上嫩枝；花单生和在轴上星散；花被calyciform，4-7 有叶或者更有叶；雄蕊4-7或者更少，花丝纤细；退化雄蕊小。
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Pollen tetrads contained loosely on a spatulate translator with basal corpusculum; filaments free.
四合花粉在一匙形的载粉器具基部的着粉腺体上松弛包含；花丝离生 2
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Stamens 2-20, often 4-8 on receptacle at base of bract; filaments short, free or slightly united at base; anthers erect, dithecal, extrorse, dehiscing longitudinally.
雄蕊2-20，通常4-8，着生于苞片的基部的花托上；花丝短，离生或稍基部合生；花药直立，二室l，外向纵向开裂。
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Leaves opposite, subopposite, whorled, spiraled, or alternate, usually petiolate, estipulate; petiole sometimes persistent and thornlike; leaf blade simple, margin entire or subentire, sometimes toothed, glands often present between crenations of proximal margin and at base or on petiole.
叶对生，近对生，轮生，螺旋状排列，或者互生，通常具叶柄，无托叶；叶柄有时宿存并刺状；单叶，边缘全缘或者近全缘，有时具齿，通常在近端部和基部的圆锯齿之间或叶柄上有腺体。
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Inflorescence spikelike, cylindrical, composed of spiny or bristly deciduous burrs arranged along an angular, often sinuous rachis; burrs sessile or with an obconical basal stipe, each composed of 1 or more sessile spikelets surrounded by an involucre of spines and bristles; bristles flexuous or more often spinous,± flattened, grooved on the outer face, united below, the degree of union varying from a small basal disk to a deep cupule, inner spines or bristles often ciliate around spikelets. Spikelets lanceolate, acute; glumes unequal, shorter than spikelet, lower sometimes suppressed; lower floret membranous, staminate or neuter; upper floret firmer, protogynous.
花序穗状，圆筒状，由落叶的毛刺沿着一具角安排的具刺的或具刚毛，通常波状的轴组成；毛刺无梗或具基部的倒锥状柄，每一个由1无梗或更多组成以总苞的刺和刚毛包围；或更多的刚毛曲折通常spinous，多少扁平，在外面上具凹槽，下面的合生，协会的度从一小的基部的花盘变化到一深的壳斗，小穗披针形，锐尖；不等长的颖片，短于小穗，降低有时压抑；更低的小花膜质，雄蕊花的或中性；坚定的上面小花，雌蕊先熟。
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Herbs, rarely subshrubs, annual or perennial, erect or procumbent, hairs with swollen base, stellate or with 1 ray and apparently simple.
草本，很少半灌木，一年生或多年生，直立或平卧，毛具膨胀基部的，星状或具分枝和表面上单一。
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An organ or a structure of attachment, especially the basal,rootlike formation by which certain seaweeds or other algae are attached to a substrate.
吸盘吸附的器官或结构，尤指一些海藻或其他藻类植物吸附在上面的基部的类根结构
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Corolla urceolate, campanulate, or tubular, lobed or toothed, usually to base of limb; lobes erect or recurved, mostly shorter than tube, rarely longer or petals apparently free.
花冠瓶形，钟状的，或管状，浅裂或齿，通常冠檐的至基部的；下弯的裂片直立或，短于筒部，很少长或花瓣表面上离生的多数。
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arista：芒
具芒状(Aristate) 触角短,鞭节不分亚节,较柄节和梗节粗大,其上有一刚毛状或芒状构造,称触角芒(arista). 如蝇类的触角. 环毛状(Plumose) 除基部两节外,大部分触角具有一圈细毛,越近基部的毛越长,渐向端部递减. 如雄蚊的触角.
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basis：座
单针亚目的基座(basis)上有1根针,称为主针(cent-ral stylet). 多针亚目的镰状基座上排列着许多针,并在开口于基座基部的吻针囊(accessory st-ylet pouch)内分泌副针(accessory stylet),以补充前者. 吻针的基部具单细胞腺及贮藏其分泌物的贮囊,
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clypeus：唇基
其内腔与头腔相通.蝇类的口器舐吸式,大颚已完全退化,口器主要由喙和唇瓣两部分构成.喙分基喙(rostrum)和吸喙(haustellum),前者宽大,像一个倒置的锥体,由着生上唇的头壳部分即唇基(clypeus)以及小颚和下唇基部愈合演变而成;
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tubercle：结节
翼板表面近侧缘处有上下两对结节(tubercle)及一条斜线,位于上角基部的是上结节,在翼板下缘处是下结节,斜线即是上结节与下结节间之联机,此斜线乃甲状舌骨肌、胸骨甲状肌与咽下缩基的附着处.
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aristate：具芒状
(8)具芒状(aristate) 触角较短,一般分为3节,端部一节膨大,其上生有一刚毛状的构造,称为触角芒,芒上有时还有许多细毛. 如蝇类的触角. (9)环毛状(whorled) 除触角的基部两节外,鞭节的各亚节环生一圈细毛,愈靠近基部的细毛愈长,
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epibasal：上基部的
epi- 上面,表面,在......之上 | epibasal 上基部的 | epibasal cell 上基细胞
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epibasal cell：上基细胞
epibasal 上基部的 | epibasal cell 上基细胞 | epibasidi um 上担子
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funnelform：漏斗狀 由基部往上漸寬
funiculus 珠柄 胚珠著生於子房壁的柄 | funnelform 漏斗狀 由基部往上漸寬 | fusiform initial 紡錘始原細胞 維管束形成層內細長的始原細胞能產生軸向系統的各型細胞
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hydrocaulus：螅茎
群体基部的构造很像植物的根,故称媳根(hadrorhiza),由螅体上生出很多直立的茎,称为螅茎(Hydrocaulus). 螅茎上分出2种个体--水螅体(Hydranth)与生殖体(gonagium). 整个群体外面包围着由外胚层分泌的一层透明的角质膜称围鞘(Perisarc),
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stoloniferous rhizome：匍匐根茎
如地锦草(Chamaesyce)那样一直到枝梢都是平卧的,称为平卧状(procumbent);又如偃松(Pinus pumila)枝梢上翘则称上屈状(decumbent);还有象蕺菜(Houttuynia)那样水平伸展的地下茎与成为直立茎的基部的地下茎粗细无大差别,则称为匍匐根茎(stoloniferous rhizome).