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实行..., 落实...
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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.
本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法,研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami,RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ,GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum,NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis,DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP,5μg),注射当天睡眠时间略有减少,第二日睡眠时间显著减少,觉醒时间明显增多,第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加,觉醒时间减少;而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid, L-Glu, 0.2μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline,BIC,1.0μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen,BAC,1.0μg)后,产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg,0.5μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间略有减少,但无显著性意义;而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside,SNP,0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间,缩短睡眠时间;微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine,L-NNA,2.0μg)后,引起睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用;RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后,与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠,其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate,MOR,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加; RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride,NAL,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少;RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue,MB,1.0μg)后,与NS组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 0.2μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多;大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide, MS, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine,PCPA,10μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少;大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg),产生睡眠增多效应后,在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan , 5-HTP, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多。
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I am a dream Just begin it Truth is I prayed that you open my eyes And you reveal something for me Suddenly I am no longer confined My life ain't defined by limits I Don't need no permission to live it I'm a break thru the door til I get in Everything that I got I'm a give it 100 Percent and I ain't stopping til I reach the finish I'm a believer not just a dreamer I'm givin everything I got Im a go getter 100 Percenter Undoubtedly I can reach the top And I ain't gonna let nothing discourage or dissuade me Cuz I'm walking out of here a champion either way babe I am givin it 100 Percent So go on put your ones up If you're putting in a hundred put your ones up, ones up If you know that this is something, put your ones up, ones up If you really comprehend this feel, your ones up, your ones up If you're walking into victory keep on shining One hundred percent You can only do it if you do it like I did Cause' suffering ain't easy But if you can turn your wounds into living proof That you've survived the fight and you no longer defined My life ain't defined by limits I Don't need no permission to live it I'm a break thru the door til I get in Everything that I got I'm a give it 100 Percent and I ain't stopping til I reach the finish I'm a believer not just a dreamer I'm givin everything I got I'm a go getter 100 Percenter Undoubtedly I can reach the top And I ain't gonna let nothing discourage or dissuade me Cuz I'm walking out of here a champion either way babe I am givin it 100 Percent so go on put your ones up If you're putting in a hundred put your ones up, ones up If you know that this is something, put your ones up, ones up If you really comprehend this feel, your ones up, your ones up If you're walking into victory keep on shining One hundred percent Don't you ever be discouraged, let nobody take your courage If you gonna pray don't worry, If ya gonna wait don't pray You just keep the faith and listen to me If you're putting in a hundred put your ones up, ones up If you know that this is something, put your ones up, ones up If you really comprehend this feel, your ones up, your ones up If you're walking into victory keep on shining One hundred percent I'm a believer not just a dreamer I'm givin everything I got I'm a go getter 100 Percenter Undoubtedly I can reach the top And I ain't gonna let nothing discourage or dissuade me Cuz I'm walking out of here a champion either way babe I am gotta givin 100 Percent So go on put your ones up
我是一个梦想它刚刚开始事实是我祈祷,你睁开眼睛和你透露我的东西突然,我不再局限于我的生活是没有定义的限制我不需要任何权限,它的生活我一进门新台币一中取得突破我得到的一切,我是给它百分百,我不能阻止新台币一到达终点我是一个信徒不只是一个梦我givin我得到的一切进出口一去的getter 100 Percenter 毫无疑问,我可以到达顶部我哪里也不会让任何阻止或劝阻我 Cuz我走出这里的任何一种方式宝贝冠军我givin它百分百因此,继续把你的了如果您在百把把你的了,最多的如果你知道这是什么,把你的了,最多的如果你真的理解这个感觉,你的了,你的行动如果你走进胜利继续光辉百分之百你只能这样做,如果你不喜欢我做了它事业的痛苦是不容易的但如果你能变成活生生的例子,你的伤口你已经幸存下来的斗争,你不再定义我的生活是没有定义的限制我不需要任何权限,它的生活我一进门新台币一中取得突破我得到的一切,我是给它百分百,我不能阻止新台币一到达终点我是一个信徒不只是一个梦我givin我得到的一切我是去的getter 100 Percenter 毫无疑问,我可以到达顶部我哪里也不会让任何阻止或劝阻我(没有任何东西可以阻止我) Cuz我走出这里的任何一种方式宝贝冠军我givin是百分百所以要在把你的了如果您在百把把你的了,最多的如果你知道这是什么,把你的了,最多的如果你真的理解这个感觉,你的了,你的了如果你到胜利的光辉继续行走(100)百分之百永远也不要气馁,不准任何人以自己的勇气如果您gonna祈祷不要担心,如果亚gonna等待不祈祷你只需保持这样的信念,听我说如果您在百把把你的了,最多的如果你知道这是什么,把你的了,最多的如果你真的理解这个感觉,你的了,你的了如果你走进胜利继续光辉百分之百我是一个信徒不只是一个梦我givin我得到的一切我是去的getter 100 Percenter 毫无疑问,我可以到达顶部我哪里也不会让任何阻止或劝阻我 Cuz我走出这里的任何一种方式宝贝冠军我gotta givin百分百因此,继续把你的了
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During the following eight sessions in four weeks the subjects were randomly devided into four groups:(1) physical practice group, repeated physical practice twenty times per session,(2) alternating mental-physical practice group, alternating the techinques of physical and mental practice per session,(3) mental practice group, watching the film and listening to the instruction of badminton backhand lowservice,which was followed by five minutes in which the subjects were directed to practice the serve skills mentally for twenty repetitions per session, and (4) control group, no practice.
所有受试者接受羽球反手发短球之教学及练习后,隨机分派到下列四种不同练习组:22身体练习组:每天次练习羽球反手发短球二十次;4综合练习组:身体练习、心智练习间隔交替练习;3。心智练习组:提供羽球反手发短球击球动作录影带及指导语,受试者在五分钟內意像整个动作过程,共计二十次;6控制组:不练习。
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put into practice:实施,实行
take the place of 代替,取代 | put into practice 实施,实行 | make progress 进步,进展
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put into practice:实行,实施
out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 . | put into practice 实行,实施 . | at present 目前,现在 .
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put into practice:落实
put into use使用,应用 | put into practice落实 | be satisfied with满足
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put into practice:实行
put into operation 投产 | put into practice 实行 | put into 使进入
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use; put into practice:应用,引用
I will apply for the job today. 今天我将申请那份工作. | v. 应用,引用 use; put into practice | We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去.
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