evolve into
- evolve into的基本解释
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发展成(进化成)
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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.
本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法,研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami,RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ,GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum,NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis,DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP,5μg),注射当天睡眠时间略有减少,第二日睡眠时间显著减少,觉醒时间明显增多,第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加,觉醒时间减少;而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid, L-Glu, 0.2μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline,BIC,1.0μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen,BAC,1.0μg)后,产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg,0.5μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间略有减少,但无显著性意义;而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside,SNP,0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间,缩短睡眠时间;微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine,L-NNA,2.0μg)后,引起睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用;RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后,与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠,其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate,MOR,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加; RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride,NAL,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少;RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue,MB,1.0μg)后,与NS组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 0.2μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多;大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide, MS, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine,PCPA,10μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少;大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg),产生睡眠增多效应后,在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan , 5-HTP, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多。
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Nowadays, many people have already put their eyes on how to buildup and evolve the third generation of the mobile communication system. LTE systems not only requires enhancing performance, but also have to take other important aspects into consideration, such as coexistence on adjacent channels with existing 3G systems. Now the frame structure parameters to buildup and evolve TD SCDMA system, which is presented by CATT, receive much attention.
第三代移动通信系统性能的增强和长期演进已成为目前的研究执点,这种长期演进系统不仅要求性能上的增强,而且还必须考虑与已有3G系统共存的问题,CATT等公司共同提出的对T-SCDMA系统演进的帧结构参数备受人们关注。
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As a result of analysis to many of the results of experiment, checked up on specimens, field investigation and combining with the theories of palaeobotany, comparative morphology, evolutional morphology of vascular plants and taxonomy, it can be concluded as following: the primitive sorts of Cycadaceae are the sorts that pinnate leafs are dichotomy; among these, the sort that pinnate leafs are tripinnate-dichotomy is most primitive, from this sort gradually evolve to bipinnate-dichotomy, to only for monopinnate-dichotomy, from this sort evolve to the sorts that pinnate leafs are simply pinna; among the sorts of simply pinna, the species that segments of megasporophyll possess much more triplicate to monodichotomy are most primitive.
经过大量的实验结果分析、查阅标本和野外调查,结合古植物学、比较形态学、演化植物学和分类学等理论进行分析,认为苏铁科原始的类型为羽叶呈二歧状分叉的种类,其中最原始的又是羽叶呈三回二歧状分叉的种类,从这个羽叶类型逐渐演化出一回二歧状分叉的羽叶类型,再演化出羽叶为单羽状的类型;而单羽状叶的类群中,又以大孢子叶侧裂片具三回、二回及一回二歧状分叉数量多的种类为最原始,而侧裂片二歧状分叉数量少的为较进化,侧裂片无二歧分叉的如拳叶苏铁类为最进化的种类。
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evolve into:变成
? 48.evolve from...to 从......逐渐变为 | ? 49.evolve into 变成 | ? 52.take a part-time job兼职打工
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evolve into:演变
Special effects 特效 | Evolve into 演变 | Center stage 注目的焦点
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evolve into:演化,发展
51.基石,基础材料:building blocks | 52.演化,发展:evolve into | 53.从一开始起:from the outset
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evolve into:发展[进化]成
ergonomic adj.人体学的 | evolve into 发展[进化]成 | fashion n.样子,流行,风尚
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How could the Judas evolve into this:怎么会进化成这东西
Listen, I just don't know if I can get this. How could the?|我一点都不懂,怎么可能 | How could the Judas evolve into this?|怎么会进化成这东西 | Think generations. Not years, okay?|它们是一代一代进化
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