blend into
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融为(一体)
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The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10% NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6% NaOH/4% urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.
本论文的主要创新点:(1)以NaOH水溶液/无水乙醇为凝固液,采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇纤维,共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能;(2)用壳聚糖和明胶共混,以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖/明胶纤维,并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度;(3)确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系;(4)利用纤维素新溶剂6%NaOH/4%尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素/甲壳素共混膜;(5)利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素/羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜,揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系;(6)制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。
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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.
本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法,研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami,RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ,GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum,NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis,DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP,5μg),注射当天睡眠时间略有减少,第二日睡眠时间显著减少,觉醒时间明显增多,第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加,觉醒时间减少;而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid, L-Glu, 0.2μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline,BIC,1.0μg)后,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增加;RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen,BAC,1.0μg)后,产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg,0.5μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间略有减少,但无显著性意义;而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside,SNP,0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间,缩短睡眠时间;微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine,L-NNA,2.0μg)后,引起睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用;RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后,与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠,其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate,MOR,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比,睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加; RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride,NAL,1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较,睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后,与生理盐水组对比,原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少;RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue,MB,1.0μg)后,与NS组比较,睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 0.2μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多;大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide, MS, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine,PCPA,10μg),同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后,与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS, 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间增多,觉醒时间减少;大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg),产生睡眠增多效应后,在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan , 5-HTP, 1.0μg )后,与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg,双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较,睡眠时间减少,觉醒时间增多。
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The blend has following properties with 10 parts compatibilizer. The tensile intensity and elongation at break reach 35.66MPa and 23.58%, respectively, improving by 26.6% and 65.7% respectively compared with 0 part compatibilizer; The characteristic absorption peak of carbonyl at 1725~1800cm-1 disappear and the characteristic absorption peak of hydroxide at 3438~3440cm-1 increase induce the formation of hydrogen bond; The decalescence peak of blend increase by 2℃compared with the blend containing 0 part compatibilizer near 100℃; Lignin can be dispersed homogeneously to avoid reuniting of lignin particle.
2当共混材料中增容剂含量为10份时,共混材料表现出如下特性:拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到35.66MPa及23.58%,较未加增容剂分别提高了26.6%和65.7%;从1725~1800cm-1范围内羰基特征吸收峰接近消失以及3438~3440cm-1范围内的羟基波数的增加暗示了共混材料中氢键缔合的发生;共混物在100℃附近的吸热峰较未加增容剂时降低了近2℃,相容性得到了提高;木质素在基体中进一步分散,结晶度增加,从而阻止木质素的团聚,增加了两相的相容性。
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blend into:混和
attend to 专心,注意,照顾 | blend into 混和 | brand-name n.商标
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homogenize: to blend into a uniform mixture:使均匀
hive: a place swarming with activity 闹市 | homogenize: to blend into a uniform mixture使均匀 | ichthyologist: 鱼类学者,研究者
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Blackwall tires. They blend into the pavement:黑轮胎 太寻常了
You don't-a know what you want. Luigi know what you want.|你不知道你想要什么 路易奇知道你想要什么 | Blackwall tires. They blend into the pavement.|黑轮胎 太寻常了 | But-a this...|但是这个
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amalgamate - to blend into a coherent single unit:(混合)
81) altruistic - unselfish (利他主义的,无私的) | 82) amalgamate - to blend into a coherent single unit (混合) | 83) ambidextrous - capable of using both hands with equal skill (双手同样灵巧的)
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I could blend into life on another ship. With another disguise:我能伪装一下潜入另一个飞船
Wait.|等等 | I could blend into life on another ship. With another disguise.|我能伪装一下潜入另一个飞船 | Go. And don't forget to give them our coordinates. I want this finished.|去吧,别忘了把我们的确...
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