General of the Armies
- General of the Armies的基本解释
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n.
<美>陆军特级上将
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Among the first awards of the Distinguished Service Medal for service in World War I, were those to the Commanding Officers of the Allied Armies: Marshals Foch and Joffre, General Petain of France, Field Marshal Haig of Great Britain, General Diaz of Italy, General Gillain of Belgium, and General Pershing.
其中的杰出服务奖章的第一个服务奖在第一次世界大战中,是那些在盟军军队的指挥官:元帅福煦和霞飞将军法国,黑格元帅大不列颠,意大利秘书长,秘书长迪亚兹佩塔因姬莲比利时和潘兴将军。
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In Alma it states,"Yea, he had been strengthening the armies of the Nephites, and erecting small forts, or places of resort: throwing up banks of earth round about to enclose his armies…the Nephites were taught…never to raise the sword except it were against an enemy… they had cast up dirtround to shield them from the arrows…the chief captains of the Lamanites were astonished exceedingly, because of the wisdom of the Nephites in preparing their places of security…they knew not that Moroni had fortified, or had built forts of security in all the land roundabout …the Lamanites could not get into their forts of security…because of the highness of the bank which had been thrown up, and the depth of the ditch which had been dug round about…they began to dig down their banks of earth…that they might have an equalchance to fight…instead of filling up their ditches by pulling down banks of earth, they were filled up in a measure with their dead…And caused them to erect fortifications that they should commence laboring in digging a ditch round about the land…And he caused that they should build a breastwork of timbers upon the inner bank of the ditch: and they did cast up dirt out of the ditch against the breastwork of timbers".
在阿尔玛书说:『他加强了尼腓人的军队,建造了小型堡垒,或凭藉处所;在周围筑起了堤岸来拱卫他的军队……尼腓人已被教导……除非抵抗敌人,决不举起剑来……他们在周围堆上了污泥来防避拉曼人的箭……这时拉曼人的总队长们非常的吃惊,由於尼腓人在准备他们的安全处所上所表现的智慧……因为他们不知摩罗乃已在周围各地的每一个城巿建筑了防御工事,或防御堡垒……拉曼人除了经由入囗处外,无法进入他们的防御堡垒,因为那土岸已堆得很高,那周围的壕沟已掘得很深……他们就开始去掘他们的土岸,使他们也能得到一条通往他们军队的小路,使他们能有一个均等的作战机会……非但没有推倒土岸来垫没他们的壕沟,反而将他们死者和伤者的身体垫进了不少……并吩咐他们建筑防御工事……他吩咐他们在濠沟的内堤上建造一道木头的胸墙;他们从濠沟中挖出污泥来,靠著木头胸墙堆起来
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Qing officials, as we have seen, had explored all varieties of military mobilization in order to crush the rebel regimes: they had used the Eight Banner and Green Standard armies, local gentry-led militia, and semiprivate regional armies like the Xiang and the Huai; they had also developed military-agricultural bases as well as defensive perimeters of waterways and forts, and had made selective use of Western officers and mercenary troops.
诚如所见,满清官员动员一切军事资源,包括八旗与绿营军、地方士绅组织的团练乡勇,以及诸如湘军、淮军这类半私人性质的区域武装力量,以摧毁反叛政权:他们实行屯田政策,建筑壕沟、堡垒等防御工事,有条件用洋人军官、佣兵,这些措施只不过是中央一页政策的序曲:同治中兴时期的政治人物亟欲重建儒家政治的基本价值。
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General of the Armies:陆军特级上将
其实这是他的托辞,真实的原因是他十分敬重其老上级、第一次世界大战时的美国英雄潘兴,不希望因此影响到潘兴的威信,更不希望潘兴为此而感到失落. 马歇尔要让潘兴"陆军特级上将"(General of the Armies)的军衔永远独享下去. 马
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General of the Armies:特级上将
他认为像"陆军五星上将"和"陆军六星上将"这样的军衔可能会贬低潘兴将军所独有的"陆军特级上将"(General of the Armies)军衔. 他不愿自己的军衔超过绰号"铁锤"的潘兴将军,他认为潘兴才不愧是美国当代最伟大的军人,如果那样做,将伤害老将军的感情.